Subchronic heavy metal and alcohol treatment in rats: changes in the somatosensory evoked cortical activity

Young adult male Wistar rats were treated, by gavage, with 80 or 320 mg/kg Pb2+ (lead acetate), 0.4 or 1.6 mg/kg Hg2+ (mercuric chloride) or both by combining the lower doses. For combination with alcohol, ethanol was added to the rats' drinking water in 5 v/v %. After 12 weeks of treatment, electrophysiological recording was made from the somatosensory cortex in urethane anaesthesia. Evoked potentials obtained by stimulation of the whiskers were recorded. Both metals, and alcohol alone, increased significantly the latency of the evoked response. Alcohol seemed to abolish the effect of Pb, but not of Hg. Fatigue, calculated form the response amplitude, was increased by Pb and Hg treatment and this effect of Hg was reduced by ethanol. Evoked activity and its dynamic characteristics were sensitive to the complex neurotoxic effect induced in the rats and can provide a basis for developing functional markers.     

Trace Metals (Cd,Co, Cr,Cu, Hg,Ni, Pb,and Zn) in Food Supplements of Marine Origin

We determined the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in dietary supplements of marine origin. Four supplement categories were studied; algae, coral, krill, and shark cartilage. A direct mercury analyzer was used for Hg determinations while acid digestions and ICP-AES were used for Cr analysis and ICP-MS for the other trace metals. Algae are the supplements showing the highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Ni with respective means of 1.6 mg Pb/kg dry weight (d.w.), 3.2 Cr mg/kg d.w., and 8.0 mg Ni/kg d.w. Krill supplements have the highest levels of Cd, Cu, and Zn with 0.65 mg Cd/kg d.w., 63 mg Cu/kg d.w., and 50 mg Zn/kg d.w., respectively. Shark cartilage supplements show the highest levels of Hg and Co with mean concentrations of 160 μg Hg/kg d.w. and 73 ± 51 μg Co/kg d.w., respectively. No samples in our study exceeded the provisional tolerable daily intakes set by Health Canada, the joint committee of the World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization, or the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Nevertheless, Ni and Pb in algae and Hg in shark cartilage may end up contributing to a very significant portion of the allowable daily intake—leaving little room for normal intake through food consumption and other exposure pathways.     

Assessment of potential health risk of heavy metals in soils from a rapidly developing region of China

Soil heavy metal contamination is a major environmental concern, and health risk associated with heavy metals is not fully explored. A combination of spatial analysis and Monte Carlo simulation was successfully used to identify the possible sources and health risk of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) in soils collected from a rapidly developing region of China. It was found that mean concentrations of Cd (0.17 mg/kg ), As (8.74 mg/kg ), Hg (0.15 mg/kg ), Pb (27.28 mg/kg ), and Cu (33.32 mg/kg ) were greater than the soil background values. Accumulation and spatial variability of heavy metals were significantly affected by anthropogenic activities and soil properties. The risk assessment indicated that non-carcinogenic risk was not significant. However, 95% of the total cumulative carcinogenic risk of children was greater than 1E-05, implying high potential carcinogenic risk with As and Pb representing the major contributors. Ingestion of heavy metals in the soils was the main exposure pathway compared with the inhalation and the dermal exposure. Concentration of heavy metals in the soils, particulate emission factor, and dermal exposure ratio were the major parameters affecting health risk. This study highlights the importance of assessment of soil direct exposure health risk in studying heavy metal exposures.     

Cd、Pb对蟾蜍肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性及其同工酶的影响

以腹腔注射法分别对蟾蜍(Bufobufogargarizans)给Cd和Pb (按镉计0 . 2、0 . 4、0 . 8、1 .6mg/kg体重;按铅计2、4、8、16mg/kg体重) ,连续染毒7d后,观察不同浓度Cd、Pb染毒条件下的蟾蜍肝超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及其同工酶的变化。结果表明:在0 . 2mg/kg、0 4mg/kgCd和4mg/kg、8mg/kg和16mg/kgPb染毒,下蟾蜍肝SOD活性被显著诱导(P <0 . 0 5 ) ;前者酶带2 (Rf=0 . 4 3)活性增强,且均比对照增加1条新酶带(Rf=0 . 38) ;后者只表现为酶带1(Rf=0 . 5 1)和酶带2 (Rf=0 . 4 3)活性的增强,无新酶带的出现。     

Immunotoxicity of repeated low level exposure to T-2 toxin,a trichothecene mycotoxin,in CD-1 mice

Male CD-1 mice were gavaged with T-2 toxin (0.0–5.0 mg/kg body weight) every third day. Body weight gain was depressed by exposure to 2.5 mg/kg, or greater, T-2 toxin; this was not associated with decreased food intake. The weights of the liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus were affected by two weeks exposure to T-2 toxin. However, a persistent effect after four weeks was observed only for the thymus. Peripheral leucocyte counts were elevated in the highest dose groups after two and four weeks. Thymidine uptake by cells not simultaneously exposed to mitogen was increased in splenic cell cultures of mice exposed to 2.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin for two or four weeks. Phytohemagglutinin stimulation of splenic lymphocytes following two weeks of exposure was depressed in the 2.5 mg/kg dose group; this phenomenon was not observed after four weeks exposure. Response to pokeweed mitogen increased after four weeks of exposure to 2.5 mg/kg T-2 toxin. A delayed-type hypersensitivity response decreased following two weeks exposure to levels greater than 0.02 mg/kg. Production of I g M class antibodies by splenic lymphocytes, evaluated by a hemolytic plaque response to sheep erythrocytes, was depressed in the 2.5 mg/kg dose group after two weeks exposure to T-2 toxin. The sensitivity and specificity of T-2 toxin immunotoxicity was indicated by the various parameters evaluated.     

Combined action of X-rays and nonylphenol on mouse sperm

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 2-weeks’ X-ray and/or nonylphenol (NP) exposure on male mice’s sperm count and quality. Pzh:SFIS mice were exposed to X-rays (0.05 Gy, 0.10 Gy, 0.20 Gy) or to nonylphenol (25 mg/kg bw, 50 mg/kg bw, 100 mg/kg bw) or to both agents (0.05 Gy + 25 mg/kg bw NP, 0.10 Gy + 50 mg/kg bw NP). At 24 h and 5 weeks after the end of exposure the sperm count, morphology and frequency of DNA damage in the male germ cells were estimated. Each agent alone diminished sperm count and morphology. The dose of 0.05 Gy of X-rays decreased the frequency of DNA damage. Combined exposure to lower doses of both agents significantly improved sperm morphology and decreased the level of DNA damage compared to one agent alone. Combined exposure to higher doses reduced the frequency of DNA damage compared to the effect of the appropriate dose of NP. Results of combined exposure to low doses of both agents suggest that 0.05 Gy of X-rays stimulate the DNA damagecontrol system and in consequence repair of DNA caused by X-rays and NP. It may be correlated with increased antioxidant capacity.     

铅和镉污染对大羽藓生理特性的影响

This paper dealt with the effects of ²⁺,²⁺ and their combined pollution on the contents of chlorophyll,potassium and calcium in Thuidium cymbifolium.The results showed that except at 0.1 mg ²⁺稬^-1,the chlorophyll content decreased with increasing ²⁺ and ²⁺ concentrations,which was 18% of the control at 100 mg ²⁺稬^-1,and decreased by 48.6% at 200 mg ²⁺稬^-1.The potassium and calcium contents also decreased with increasing pollutants concentrations,being decreased by 61.1% at 100 mg ²⁺稬^-1.²⁺ had a stronger toxicity than ²⁺,and the toxicity of their combined pollution was stronger than that of each pollutant.²⁺ could increase the toxicity of ²⁺.     

Relatively low-dose cyclophosphamide is likely to induce apoptotic cell death in rat thymus through Fas/Fas ligand pathway.

Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is widely used as an efficiently antineoplastic drug, but also causes immunosuppression as its adverse-side effect. To understand the effect of low- or relative low-dose CPA on the immune system, apoptotic cell death in rat thymus, either exposed to different doses of CPA (0, 2, 7, 20 and 70 mg/kg) for 12 h or exposed to 70 mg/kg for different times (4-48 h), was investigated by DNA fragmentation (DNA ladder) detection and in situ morphological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining. Immunohistochemical staining for Fas protein expression in the thymus of rats exposed to CPA was performed. Results showed that exposure of rats to CPA 0-70 mg/kg for 12 h did not cause significant decrease in the ratio of thymus weight to body weight. However, the ratio of thymus weight to body weight was decreased significantly at 48 h after exposure to 70 mg/kg CPA. Exposure to 20 and 70 mg/kg CPA for 12 h caused a visible DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis. DNA ladder formation was increased progressively in the groups from 8 h to optimal magnitude at 12-24 h and then disappeared at 48 h after 70 mg/kg CPA. This pattern was confirmed by a quantitative evaluation of the apoptotic cells using H and E staining. Expression of Fas protein was enhanced in the thymus of rats exposed to 70 mg/kg CPA for 4-8 h as compared to control rats. These results are different from previous studies on high dose CPA and the induction of the apoptotic cell death in thymus by low or relative low doses of CPA might be a result of Fas/Fas-ligand interactions.     

Evaluation of Dog Bones in the Indirect Assessment of Environmental Contamination with Trace Elements

The aim of this paper was to determine the level of five elements, two essential for life [zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu)] and three distinctly toxic [lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg)], in four types of biological material in bones of the dog Canis lupus familiaris. The experiment was carried out on bones from the hip joints of dogs. The samples of cartilage, compact bone, spongy bone, and cartilage with adjacent compact bone came from 26 domestic dogs from northwestern Poland. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd were determined by ICP-AES (atomic absorption spectrophotometry) in inductively coupled argon plasma, using a Perkin-Elmer Optima 2000 DV. Determination of Hg concentration was performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In the examined bone material from the dog, the greatest concentrations (median) were observed for Zn and the lowest for Hg (98 mg Zn/kg and 0.0015 mg Hg/kg dw, respectively). In cartilage and spongy bone, metal concentrations could be arranged in the following descending order: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Hg. In compact bone, the order was slightly different: Zn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Hg (from median 70 mg/kg dw to 0.002 mg/kg dw). The comparisons of metal concentrations between the examined bone materials showed distinct differences only in relation to Hg: between concentrations in spongy bone, compact bone, and in cartilage, being greater in cartilage than in compact bone, and lower again in spongy bone.     

Modification of clastogenicity of lead and aluminium in mouse bone marrow cells by dietary ingestion of Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract

Extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruit and ascorbic acid were evaluated separately for protection against clastogenicity induced by lead (Pb) and aluminium (Al) salts on mouse bone marrow chromosomes. Oral administration of Phyllanthus fruit extract (PFE) for 7 days before exposure to both metals by intraperitoneal injection increased the frequency of cell division and reduced the frequency of chromosome breaks significantly. Comparable doses of synthetic ascorbic acid (AA) were less effective and could protect against the effects of Al and only a low dose of Pb (10 mg/kg body weight). AA administered before treatment in mice given higher doses of Pb (40 mg/kg body weight) enhanced the frequency of chromosome breaks, giving a synergistic effect. The higher protection afforded by PFE may be due to the combined action of all ingredients, rather than to AA alone.     

Alleviation of lindane induced toxicity in testis of Swiss mice (Mus musculus) by combined treatment with vitamin C, vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid

Mitigation of lindane induced toxicity in testis of Swiss mice by combined treatment with vitamin C, vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid has been evaluated. Male healthy mice (40), 8-10 weeks old were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups, control (C); lindane (L); antioxidant (A) and antioxidant plus lindane (A+L). Group C animals were administered only the vehicle (olive oil); in group L lindane was administered orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg body wt.; in group A combination of antioxidants at a dose of 125 mg/kg body wt.(vitamin C: 50 mg/kg body wt., vitamin E: 50 mg/kg body wt. and alpha-lipoic acid: 25 mg/kg body wt.) was administered orally; in group A+L both antioxidants (125 mg/kg body wt.) and lindane (40 mg/kg body wt.) were administered at their respective doses. In group A+L antioxidants were administered 1 h prior to lindane administration. All treatments were continuously given for 60 days. Histopathological changes due to lindane intoxication indicated shrunken and distorted seminiferous tubules, sparse Leydig cells and blood vessels and atrophy in the tissue. The testis weight also decreased significantly. Lindane treated group showed increased lipid peroxidation, whereas glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and protein were significantly decreased compared to control. Lindane induced damage was minimized by administration of antioxidants. Results suggest that combined pretreatment with antioxidants can alleviate the damage caused to testis by lindane.     

Lead and Cadmium Co-exposure Mediated Toxic Insults on Hepatic Steroid Metabolism and Antioxidant System of Adult Male Rats

The redox status and steroid metabolism of liver of adult male rat exposed to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) either alone or in co-exposure (0.025 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally/15 days) was studied. Pb and Cd significantly accumulated in the liver. The activity of steroid metabolizing enzymes 17-βhydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and uridine diphosphate–glucuronyltransferase were decreased in experimental animals. 17-β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was reduced to 33%, 38%, and 24% on treatment of Pb, Cd, and co-exposure (Pb + Cd). Furthermore, the activity of uridine diphosphate–glucuronosyltransferase was significantly reduced to 27% (Pb exposure), 36% (Cd exposure), and 25% (co-exposure of Pb + Cd). Cd exposure exhibited more toxic effect than Pb, while co-exposure demonstrated the least. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase decreased and glutathione peroxidase increased in mitochondrial and post-mitochondrial fractions. The level of lipid peroxidation increased, and cellular glutathione concentration decreased. Hepatic DNA was decreased, whereas RNA content and the activity of alanine transaminase remained unchanged. Histological studies revealed that only Cd-exposed groups exhibited cytotoxic effect. These results suggest that when Pb and Cd are present together in similar concentrations, they exhibited relatively decreased toxic effect when compared to lead and cadmium in isolation with regard to decreased steroid metabolizing and antioxidant enzyme activities. This seems that the toxic effect of these metals is antagonized by co-exposure due to possible competition amongst Pb and Cd for hepatic accumulation.     

制定我国土壤环境标准(汞、镉、铅和砷)的探讨

本文依据国内外土壤环境质量标准的研究现状,在提出土壤环境标准制定依据和原则的基础上,对Hg、Cd、Pb和As的土壤环境质量标准进行了研究。研究表明,我国土壤环境质量功能分区可包括:(1)自然保护区或“清洁”无污染区;(2)农牧区;(3)森林区;(4)城市区、废物处置区和工矿区。其相应的土壤环境质量标准,汞为0.10、0.20、0.50和1.00mg/kg;镉为0.15、0.30、0.50和1.00mg/kg;铅为30、60、100和300mg/kg;砷为15、20、27和30(砂土区除外)mg/kg,并论证这些标准值在全国应用的可能性。为全国土壤质量的宏观管理与控制污染提供了科学依据。     

Seasonal Variation of Metals in Seawater, Sediment, and Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum from China

Concentrations of trace metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As) were determined for the first time in seawater, sediment, and Manila clam from Deer Island, Liaoning Province, China. The seawater, sediment, and clam samples were collected seasonally at three clam farming sites around Deer Island during 2010–2011. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the seawater samples were 4.16, 0.72, 5.88, 0.45, 2.51, 0.03, and 1.02 μg/l, respectively. The seasonal variations of trace metals in seawater showed a significant difference in the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, and As among seasons. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the sediment samples were 6.43, 13.80, 53.08, 1.10, 36.40, 0.05, and 4.78 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Trace metal concentrations in sediment seasonally varied significantly except for Cd and Hg. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam samples were 11.28, 0.61, 92.50, 0.58, 3.98, 0.03, and 1.98 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and As in Manila clam showed marked seasonal fluctuations with significant difference. Cu and Zn were the metals with the highest mean biosediment accumulation factor values in Manila clam. Besides, significant correlations for the concentrations of Cu and Zn relative to their concentrations in sediment were also found. Such differences in regression analyzes may be explained by differential bioaccumulation of essential and xenobiotic metals. Concentrations of trace metals in Manila clam did not exceed the maximum established regulatory concentrations for human consumption. Moreover, the calculations revealed that the estimated daily intake values for the examined clam samples were below the internationally accepted dietary guidelines and the calculated hazard quotient values were well less than 1, thus strongly indicating that health risk associated with the intake studied metals through the consumption of Manila clam from Deer Island was absent.     

制定我国土壤环境标准（汞,镉,铅和砷）的探讨

本文依据国内外土壤环境质量标准的研究现状,在提出土壤环境标准制定依据和原则的基础上,对Hg、Cd、Pb和As的土壤环境质量标准进行了研究。研究表明,我国土壤环境质量功能分区可包括:(1)自然保护区或“清洁”无污染区;(2)农牧区;(3)森林区;(4)城市区、废物处置区和工矿区。其相应的土壤环境质量标准,汞为0.10、0.20、0.50和1.00mg/kg;镉为0.15、0.30、0.50和1.00mg/kg;铅为30、60、100和300mg/kg;砷为15、20、27和30(砂土区除外)mg/kg,并论证这些标准值在全国应用的可能性。为全国土壤质量的宏观管理与控制污染提供了科学依据。     

黏着箭菌JB19对菊苣幼苗铅镉抗性及黄酮生物合成的影响

【目的】探讨耐重金属细菌对铅(lead, Pb)和镉(cadmium, Cd)胁迫下菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)幼苗Pb、Cd抗性和黄酮生物合成的调控作用。【方法】在不同浓度Pb和Cd [(200+20) mg/kg、(400+40) mg/kg、(800+80) mg/kg]处理下,接种菌株JB19并测定菊苣幼苗生长指标、Pb和Cd含量、抗氧化酶活性、总黄酮含量和黄酮生物合成相关基因表达量。【结果】菌株JB19可显著提高不同浓度Pb和Cd处理下菊苣的生物量和叶绿素含量;减少氧化损伤,地上部和根部Pb、Cd含量均降低,其中在(Pb200+Cd20) mg/kg处理下H₂O₂和丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量分别比对照降低了25.7%和26.1%,地上部Pb、Cd含量降低的幅度最大,分别降低了53.2%和54.1%;加强了菊苣幼苗的抗氧化酶防御系统,黄酮生物合成相关基因均显著上调,其中在(Pb400+Cd40) mg/kg处理下黄酮类化合物的含量增加了105.2%,查尔酮异构酶基因上调最显著,达458....     

Evaluation of spermatogenic response of mice to the induction of mutations by combined treatment with X rays and antineoplastic drugs

Combined treatment with low doses of X-rays plus cyclophosphamide (0.25 Gy+25 mg/kg body weight) or X-rays plus mitomycin C (0.25 Gy+1.75 mg/kg body weight) did not induce significant dominant lethal effects in any stage of spermatogenesis when a parameter representing pre- and postimplantation loss, such as the decrease of live implants per female, was applied. After combined exposure to high doses of X-rays plus cyclophosphamide (1.00 Gy+100 mg/kg body weight) an increase of dominant lethal mutations (DLMs) was observed in differentiating spermatogonia, spermatids, and spermatozoa with the same parameter. Combined treatment with high doses of X-rays plus mitomycin C (1.00 Gy+5.25 mg/kg body weight) produced DLMs in differentiating spermatogonia and late spermatocytes. A calculation of enhanced risk was applied to the data of DLMs from the combined treatment regimen and was based on the proportion of dead implants (postimplantation loss only). Enhanced risk could be shown not only after high but also after low combined exposure to X-rays plus cyclophosphamide and X-rays plus mitomycin C. With low doses this enhanced risk was observed in spermatids for X-rays plus cyclophosphamide and in differentiating spermatogonia to early spermatocytes for X-rays plus mitomycin C.     

Effects of Plant Residue and Salinity on Fractions of Cadmium and Lead in Three Soils

Bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals (HMs) in soils are determined by their partitioning between solution and solid-phase and their further redistribution among solid-phase components. A study was undertaken to determine the effects of organic matter (OM) and salinity on cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) distribution among soil fractions. Three agricultural soils were treated with 20 mg Cd/kg as Cd (NO₃)₂·4H₂O, 150 mg Pb/kg as Pb (NO₃)₂, 20 g/kg alfalfa powder, and 50 mmol/kg of NaCl, and then incubated at 60% water holding capacity (60% WHC) and constant temperature (25°C) for 12 weeks. Various fractions of Cd and Pb were extracted from the soils after 2 and 12 w of incubation using a sequential extraction technique. Results showed that in the early stage of incubation (2 w), added Pb were found mainly in the specifically sorbed (SS) and amorphous Fe oxides (AFeO) fractions and added Cd found in SS and Mn oxides (MnO) fractions. Addition of 2% OM decreased the exchangeable (EXC) Pb fraction almost in all soils, whereas it had a different effect on the EXC Cd fraction depending on soil pH. Addition of NaCl increased the EXC Cd fraction in two soils, but it did not alter Pb fractions. At the end of the incubation period, Pb decreased in the EXC and MnO fractions except in the neutral soil and Cd decreased mainly in the SS fraction.     

Role of alpha-tocopherol in cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rat's blood, liver and brain

Cadmium (Cd) a highly toxic metal is considered to be a multitarget toxicant, and it accumulates principally in the liver and kidney after absorption. In vivo studies of mouse and rat liver have shown that apoptosis plays a primary role in Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the detailed mechanisms by which toxic metals such as Cd produce their effects are still largely unknown. The present study aimed at investigating the consequences of exposure to Cd, alpha-tocopherol and their combination on stress biochemical parameters (lipoperoxidation and protein carbonyls levels). Male albino Wistar rats (1 month old) were treated intravenously with cadmium (2 mg CdCl(2)/kg body weight/day), and alpha-tocopherol (100 mg/kg body weight/day), or with alpha-tocopherol+Cd (100 mg Vit E/kg body weight, 2 mg CdCl(2)/kg). The lipoperoxidation was measured by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method and oxidatively generated damage to proteins by determining carbonyl (DNPH) levels. Among the hematological parameters measured the haematocrit value and haemoglobin concentration were significantly decreased in the blood of Cd-treated rats. A significant increase was observed in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls in the cadmium exposed group compared to control group (p<0.001), and these values were decreased after administration of alpha-tocopherol (group 4). The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in rat liver and brain showed a significant increase as compared to that found in the control group and significant decrease of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. In the liver of the Cd-treated group the contents of reduced glutathione were decreased. Our results suggest that cadmium induces an oxidation of cellular lipids and proteins and that administration of alpha-tocopherol can reduce Cd-induced oxidative stress and improve the glutathione level together with other biochemical parameters.     

维生素C对镉负荷小鼠睾丸抗氧化功能的影响*

目的: 分析镉(Cd)负荷不同时间对小鼠睾丸抗氧化酶的影响及维生素C(VC)的保护作用。方法: 清洁级雄性昆明小鼠72只分为4组(n=18):对照组、Cd组(CdCl₂ 3 mg/kg)、VC组(200 mg/kg)、VC(200 mg/kg)+ Cd(CdCl₂ 3 mg/kg)组,每日染毒1次,染毒1 d和3 d及同时补充VC保护,第1日和第3日染毒24 h后,每组取半数小鼠称重,取血清和睾丸组织;检测睾丸脏器系数,血清和睾丸组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),及睾丸组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)及总谷胱甘肽(T-GSH)。结果: 与对照组比较,Cd组1 d和3 d小鼠体重和睾丸脏器系数下降;染毒3 d,Cd组小鼠血清SOD显著降低、MDA显著升高(P＜0.05);Cd组1 d小鼠睾丸的SOD、GSH-Px、T-GSH及GSH/GSSG显著升高(P＜0.05),而3 d的上述指标均显著降低(P＜0.05),Cd组1 d和3 d MDA水平均显著升高(P＜0.05);VC处理后减轻的程度有所降低。与Cd组比较,VC+ Cd组血清SOD和MDA水平在染毒3 d变化有显著性差异(P＜0.05);VC+ Cd组在染毒1 d和3 d,小鼠睾丸的SOD、GSH-Px、T-GSH及GSH/GSSG水平变化有显著性差异(P＜0.05),VC+ Cd组在染毒3 d睾丸的MDA水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。与Cd组1 d比较,染毒3 d小鼠的血清SOD水平显著降低(P＜0.05),睾丸指标变化也有显著性差异(P＜0.05)。结论: VC处理可在一定程度上改善镉负荷小鼠的抗氧化功能,对睾丸氧化损伤具有保护作用。