A synopsis of Jacquinia (Theophrastaceae) in the Antilles and South America

Stål, B. 1995. A synopsis of Jacquinia (Theophrastaceae) in the Antilles and South America. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 493–511. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.
The genus Jacquinia in the Antilles and South America is revised. Twenty-two native and one introduced species are recognised. In the Greater Antilles, 11 species (six endemic) occur in Cuba, eight in Hispaniola (two endemic), five in Jamaica (two endemic), and four in Puerto Rico (none endemic). Two species (none endemic) occur in the Lesser Antilles and five (four endemic) in South America. Eighteen species are native to the Antilles and of these one, J. arborea , is shared with Central America and one, J. amzillaris , is shared with South America. No species is shared between South and Central America. One new combination, J. frutescens , is made. Several species are illustrated and distribution maps for all species are presented. A key to the species in the Antilles and South America and an index to all combinations published in Jacquinia are provided.     

A synopsis of the genus allomarkgrafia (Apocynaceae)

The nine species of the genusAllomarkgrafia are treated synoptically, with a review of their systematics and nomenclature. Two new species,Allomarkgrafia ecuatoriana andA. insignis, and a new combination,Allomarkgrafia campanulata, are proposed here.     

Three new taxa of Ouratea (Ochnaceae) from South America

Ouratea scottii, consisting of vicariant subsp.scottii from the Guianas and eastern Amazonia and subsp.occidentalis from western Amazonia, andO. erecta from the Guianas are described.     

New taxa of Kalyptorhynchia (Platyhelminthes) from the N. American Pacific coast

From the N. American Pacific coast the following new kalyptorhynchian taxa are described: Cicerinabicirrata, Cicerina triangularis, Placorhynchus pacificus, Uncinorhynchus pacificus, Proschizorhynchella lingulata, Proschizorhynchella inflata, Proschizorhynchella schilkei, Schizochilus hoxholdi, Paraschizorhynchoides glandulis Schilke subsp. hopkinsi, Cheliplana californica and Cheliplana elkhornica . The taxonomy of the species is discusscd and supplementary remarks arc made on some species from other areas.     

A synopsis of the neotropical species of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae)

WEBSTER, G. L. & ARMBRUSTER, W. S., 1991. A synopsis of the neotropical species of Dalechampia ( Euphorbiaceae ). The characters used in inferring phylogenetic relationship in Dalechampia are discussed, and a consistent terminology is devised for the parts of the distinctive pseudanthial inflorescences. The infrageneric classification is radically modified, with the 92 provisionally accepted binomials for the neotropical taxa referred to six sections: Rhopalostylis, Dioscoreifoliae, Cremophyllum, Coriaceae, Tiliifoliae and Dalechampia. As here interpreted, section Dalechampia includes 53 species in five subsections; one new subsection, Convolvuloides , is described.     

A synopsis of the genus Atypus (Araneae, Atypidae)

Twelve of sixteen Atypus species previously described, and one undescribed, are examined. Atypus javanus Thorell is re-diagnosed and the male is described. The vulva of this species, and of A. coreanus Kim and A. karschi Dönitz, arc illustrated for the first time. The taxonomic characters given by Kraus & Baur [ Verh, naturw. Ver. Hamb. 17 : 85–116(1974)] and additional details of male-and female genital organs are discussed. A granular texture on male chelicerae and front legs, presumably a stridulatory apparatus, is noted and used for distinguishing species. A deep cymbial pit of unknown function is illustrated and discussed. Specific character combinations for the species examined are presented in a table. Notes on relationships, habitat, zoogeography, web, phenology and development are given.     

A new species of helietta (Rutaceae) from Guerrero and Jalisco,Mexico; A synopsis of the North American species

Helietta lottiae, a new species from tropical deciduous forest from Guerrero and Jalisco, Mexico, is described. A key to the North American species of the genus and their geographical distribution are presented.     

A synopsis of Rhynchospora sect. Pluriflorae (Cyperaceae)

A taxonomic revision of Rhynchospora sect. Pluriflorae revealed 22 species. Nine species are endemic to Brazil, one to Cuba, and another to Bolivia. Of the 22 species, seven were new to science and have been described and published. Two new lectotypes are designated here for R. consanguinea and R. consanguinea var. subrigida . A new name, Rhynchospora albobracteata, is also proposed. A key to species, information on types, illustrations, and discussions of geographic distributions and taxonomy are presented.     

Additions to South American Senecioneae (Asteraceae)

Three new Peruvian species belonging to the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) are described, illustrated and their relationships discussed:Gynoxys colanensis, G. lopezii, andPentacalia barbourii.     

Palynology of South Pacific Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) with notes on some Hawaiian taxa

Pollen of 34 accessions (23 species, one putative hybrid) of South Pacific and Hawaiian Cyrtandra was investigated by SEM. Most pollen grains are isopolar, 3-colpate, spheroidal in equatorial view, and circular in polar view. Only C. kamooloaensis (Hawaii) exhibits suboblate pollen grains. Average equatorial diameters range from 9 to 16mum. In general, colpi are long and tapering. Colpus membranes show granular elements which decrease in size from the equatorial to the polar regions. Most taxa exhibit a microreticulate mesocolpial exine pattern, in some cases with a tendency to reticulate or fossulate pattern. Lumina size varies within the mesocolpial region of single grains, average lumina diameter is either similar throughout grains or decreases towards the colpial borders or the apocolpial region. C. kamooloaensis exhibits the smallest lumina reported for Hawaiian Cyrtandra so far. In some species, distinct free-standing columellae are present. Except for a fine granular ornamentation of shallow grooves on the muri of the Samoan C. richii supratectal elements are lacking. Pollen of South Pacific Cyrtandra does not provide characters directly suitable for generic subdivisions. There is no obvious correlation between morphologically defined species groups and exine types, but some evidence for parallel evolution of these types. Nearly related taxa (e.g., the C. cymosa group of Gillett 1973) show considerable palynological differences. Variation within some currently accepted species is more prominent than between taxa clearly belonging to different evolutionary lines. This could reflect deficiencies in species delimitation.     

Chromosomal evolution of South American Columbiformes (Aves)

Karyotypes are compared of 14 species of Brazilian Columbiformes (family Columbidae): Claravis pretiosa (2n=74), Columba cayennensis (2n=76), Columba picazuro (2n=76), Columba speciosa (2n=76), Columbina minuta (2n=76), Columbina passerina (2n=76), Columbina picui (2n=76), Columbina talpacoti (2n=76), Geotrygon montana (2n=86), Leptotila rufaxilla (2n=76), Leptotila verreauxi (2n=78), Scardafella squammata (2n=78), Uropelia campestris (2n=68) and Zenaida auriculata (2n=76). The macrochromosomes of each species were analysed by conventional Giemsa staining, cytobiometrically and with G-and C-banding.All species studied are characterized by typical bird karyotypes with a few pairs of macrochromosomes and many microchromosomes.The morphology and relative length of the Z chromosome are nearly the same in all species, but the W chromosome shows variation. The G-band patterns of the first pair in Columbiformes show a large positive band distally in the long arm, common to all species of the order. The constitutive heterochromatin is restricted to the centromeres of the macro- and microchromosomes. The W is the most heterochromatic chromosome in all species studied.Studies of relative lengths, arm ratios and G- and C-banding patterns showed that in Columbiformes pairs 3, 4 and 5 are the most stable. The types of rearrangements distinguishing between species vary among the genera: pericentric inversions in Columba; fusions and translocations in Uropelia; centric fissions in Geotrygon; fusions, translocations, para and pericentric inversions in Columbina, Leptotila, Zenaida and Scardafella.On the basis of the karyological findings the phylogenetic relationships of the Brazilian Columbiformes are discussed.This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (Plano Integrado de Genética-Processo No. 22.1375/77 and 40.0499/80).     

A synopsis of the genus Cypholoba Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Anthiini) known to occur in the Republic of South Africa

Nearly one third of the described species of Cypholoba Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are known to inhabit the Republic of South Africa. A key and diagnostic notes are provided for their identification, as well as notes about way of life for some of the species based on observations in the Kruger National Park. Fifteen species and subspecies of the genus are recorded from the Republic of South Africa; adult specimens of each species and subspecies are illustrated and information about the distribution of each species in the Republic of South Africa is summarized and mapped: Cypholoba alstoni (Péringuey), Cypholoba alveolata (Brême), Cypholoba amatonga Péringuey, Cypholoba fritschi (Chaudoir), Cypholoba gracilis gracilis (Dejean), Cypholoba gracilis scrobiculata (Bertoloni), Cypholoba gracilis zuluana Basilewsky, Cypholoba graphipteroides graphipteroides (Guérin-Méneville), Cypholoba leucospilota semilaevis (Chaudoir), Cypholoba macilenta (Olivier), Cypholoba notata (Perroud), Cypholoba oberthueri seruana Strohmeyer, Cypholoba opulenta (Boheman), Cypholoba rutata (Péringuey), and Cypholoba tenuicollis aenigma (Dohrn).