Comparative floral ontogeny of Maesa (Maesaceae), Aegiceras (Myrsinaceae) and Embelia (Myrsinaceae): taxonomic and phylogenetic implications

The comparative floral ontogeny of five species belonging to the primuloid clade of the Ericales are investigated, viz. Maesa japonica, M. perlarius, Aegiceras corniculatum, Embelia laeta and E. ribes. All five species basically show 2/5-spiral phyllotaxis of the sepal primordia, although with some minor modification (particularly in Embelia, where the flowers are predominantly tetramerous). The phyllotaxis of the common petal-stamen primordia is also 2/5-spiral in the Maesa and Aegiceras species investigated, but appears to be unidirectional in Embelia. All five species develop common petal-stamen primordia in which the resultant petal primordia are larger than the stamen primordia, and in which the stamens develop proximally on the adaxial flank of the common primordia. Growth of the placenta in Maesa and Aegiceras partially embeds the ovules, but in Embelia the ovules are almost fully immersed in placental tissue at maturity. A comprehensive review of all previously published studies of floral ontogeny of primuloid genera is presented, and the phylogenetic significance of the variation between genera is evaluated with reference to recently published cladograms.     

华南绞股蓝属植物及其混淆种类的研究鉴定

<正> 绞股蓝属(Gynostemma B1.)为葫芦科的草质藤本植物,在华南地区已知有4种,即单叶绞股蓝(G. simplicifolium B1.)、光叶绞股蓝(G. laxum(Wall.)Cogn.)、绞股蓝(G. pentaphyllum(Thunb.)Makino)和长梗绞股蓝(G. loilgipes C. Y. Wu)。而与其经常相混淆的有8种,其中属于葫芦科的有5种,即锣锅底(Hemsleya amabilis Diels)、蛇莲(H. sphaerocárpa Kuang et A. M. Lu)、雪胆(H. chinensis Cogn. )、纤花金盆(H. graciliflora(Harms) Cogn.)和地糍粑(H. dipteriga Kuang et A. M. Lu);属于     

秦岭种子植物区系新记录

报道了秦岭种子植物区系4新记录属[杜若属(Pollia Thunb.)、美冠兰属(Eulophia R.Br.ex Lindl.)、常山属(Dichroa Lour.)和吊灯花属(Ceropegia Linn.)],8新记录种[川杜若Pollia miranda(Lévl.)Hara、长距美冠兰Eulophia dabia(D.Don)Hochr.、常山Dichroa febrifugaLour.、肉色土栾儿Apios carnea(Wall.)Benth.exBaker、柳叶蓬莱葛Gardneria lanceolata Rehd.et Wils.、显脉獐牙菜Swertia nervosa(G.Don)Wall.ex C.B.Clarke、皱果赤瓟Thladiantha henryi Hemsl.var.henryi和宝兴吊灯花Ceropegia paohsingensis Tsiang et P.T.Li]。     

Specificity of Distribution of Venation-Anastomosis Patterns in Petals of Phaseoleae (Leguminosae)

Frequency of anastomosis, types of vein anastomosis, and theirpattern of distribution in the standard, wing, and keel of fourspecies (Butea frondosa Wall., Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp.,Dolichos lablab Linn., and Erythrina indica Zoll.), from fourdifferent subtribes of the tribe Phaseoleae (Leguminosae) havebeen analysed. It has been found that the species differ considerablyin these respects. The differences have been found to be significantand species-specific, having a very small range of variationwithin a species. It is suggested that this specificity in thedistribution of vein anastomosis pattern in petal sectors maybe useful in tracing phylogeny.     

木犀属新资料(Ⅱ)

运用经典分类方法,在对木犀属进行系统研究的基础上,归并了总状桂花Osmanthus racemosus X.H.Song,将其作为厚叶木犀O.marginatus(Champ.ex Benth.)Hemsl.var.pachyphyllus(H.T.Chang)R.L.Lu的一个新异名;将大果桂花O.macrocarpus P.Y.Bai转移到野桂花O.yunnanensis(Franchet)P.S.Green下作为其异名,从而给出了木犀属的两个新异名。     

Saponin production is not qualitatively changed upon callus regeneration in the medicinal shrub Maesa perlarius

Maesa perlarius is a medicinal plant that produces maesabalides, which possess selective and strong anti-leishmania activity. In this study, M. perlarius plants were regenerated from leaf-derived calli. Shoots were induced in Murashige and Skoog medium in the presence of thidiazuron in combination with α-naphthalene acetic acid. In contrast to seed-derived plants, callus-derived regenerants were tetraploid showing typical characteristics of higher ploidy phenotypes. We assessed the impact of indirect plant regeneration and associated increase in ploidy on the production of saponin by means of LC–MS analysis. Tetraploid M. perlarius produce a saponin profile, which was not significantly different from seed grown plants. Based on this study, we concluded that saponin production in M. perlarius is not qualitatively changed by a genome-doubling event.     

木犀属新资料(Ⅱ)

运用经典分类方法,在对木犀属进行系统研究的基础上,归并了总状桂花Osmanthus racemosus X.H.Song,将其作为厚叶木犀O.marginatus(Champ.ex Benth.)Hemsl.var.pachyphyllus(H.T.Chang)R.L.Lu的一个新异名;将大果桂花O.macrocarpus P.Y.Bai转移到野桂花O.yunnanensis(Franchet)P.S.Green下作为其异名,从而给出了木犀属的两个新异名。     

香港大榄郊野公园的植物组成与植被数量分类

通过对香港大榄郊野公园森林群落的样地调查,利用组平均法和除趋势对应分析两种方法,对样方进行聚类与排序分析。把35个样地划分为11个植被类型,森林群落可划分为台湾相思（Acacia confusa Merr．）林、红胶木（Lophostemon confertus（R．Br．）PeterG．Wilson ex J．T．Waterh．）林、木荷（Schima superba Gardner ex Champ．）林、柠檬桉（Eucalyptus citriodora Hook．）林、湿地松＋鸭脚木（Pinus elliottii Engelm．＋Schefflera octophylla（Lour．）Harms．）林、土沉香（Aquilaria sinensis（Lour．）Spreng．）林、毛叶桉（Eucalyptus torelliana F．Muell．）林;灌木群落分为山油柑＋越南叶下珠（Acronychia pedunculata（L．）Miq．＋Phyllanthus cochmchinensis（Lour．）Spreng．）矮树灌丛、豺皮樟＋桃金娘（Litsea rotoundifolia（Nees）Hemsl．var．oblongifolia（Nees）C．K．Allen＋Rhodomyrtus tomentosa（Alton）Hassk．）矮树灌丛、大头茶（Gordonia axillaris（Roxb．ex Ker Gawl．）D．Dietr．）矮树灌丛、桃金娘＋芒萁（Rhodomyrtus tomentosa （Alton）Hassk．＋Dicranopteris dichotoma（Thunb．）Bernh．）灌草丛。DCA排序结果反映海拔高度与各个森林群落的分布格局和物种组成关系不大,而环境湿度是影响森林群落物种组成的主要因素。多样性分析结果显示,台湾相思林和土沉香林多样性指数最高,说明台湾相思林逐渐向次生林演变,除了红胶木林和少数郁闭度低的台湾相思林中有强阳生性树种外,大部分人工林下植物以阳生性稍耐阴的树种为主。调查结果显示,大榄郊野公园植物生长条件东部优于西部,西部的物种丰富度和多样性指数较低,主要以人工林和灌丛为主,加上山火频繁发生,导致长期处于先锋阶段。     

香港大榄郊野公园的植物组成与植被数量分类

通过对香港大榄郊野公园森林群落的样地调查, 利用组平均法和除趋势对应分析两种方法, 对样方进行聚类与排序分析。把35个样地划分为11个植被类型, 森林群落可划分为台湾相思(Acacia confusa Merr.)林、红胶木(Lophostemon confertus(R. Br.) Peter G. Wils on ex J. T. Waterh.)林、木荷(Schima superba Gardner ex Champ.)林、柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.)林、湿地松+鸭脚木(Pinus elliottii Engelm.+ Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms .)林、土沉香(Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Spreng.)林、毛叶桉(Eucalyptus torel liana F. Muel l.)林; 灌木群落分为山油柑+越南叶下珠(Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.+ Phyl lanthus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.)矮树灌丛、豺皮樟+桃金娘(Li tsea rotoundifol ia (Nees) Hemsl . var. ob longi folia (Nees) C. K. Allen+Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Al ton) Hassk.)矮树灌丛、大头茶(Gordonia axillaris (Roxb. ex Ker Gawl .) D. Dietr.)矮树灌丛、桃金娘+芒萁(Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Alton) Hassk.+Dicranopteris dichotoma (Thunb.) Bernh.)灌草丛。DCA排序结果反映海拔高度与各个森林群落的分布格局和物种组成关系不大, 而环境 湿度是影响森林群落物种组成的主要因素。多样性分析结果显示, 台湾相思林和土沉香林多样性指数最高, 说明台湾相思林逐渐向次生林演变, 除了红胶木林和少数郁闭度低的台湾相思林中有强阳生性树种外, 大部分人工林下植物以阳生性稍耐阴的树种为主。调查结果显示, 大榄郊野公园植物生长条件东部优于西部, 西部的物种丰富度和多样性指数较低, 主要以人工林和灌丛为主, 加上山火频繁发生, 导致长期处于先锋阶段。     

Taxonomic significance of trichomes micromorphology in cucurbits

Studies on trichomes micromorphology using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were undertaken in 23 species with one variety under 13 genera of the family Cucurbitaceae (viz., Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn., Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, Cucumis melo var. agrestis Naudin, Cucumis sativus L., Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey, Edgaria dargeelingensis C.B. Clarke, Gynostemma burmanicum King ex Chakr., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, Gynostemma pubescens (Gagnep.) C.Y. Wu, Hemsleya dipterygia Kuang & A.M. Lu, Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb., Luffa cylindrica M. Roem., Luffa echinata Roxb., Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn., Melothria leucocarpa (Blume) Cogn., Melothria maderspatana (L.) Cogn., Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Thladiantha cordifolia (Blume) Cogn., Trichosanthes cucumerina L., T. cucumerina var. anguina (L.) Haines, Trichosanthes dioica Roxb., Trichosanthes lepiniana (Naudin) Cogn. and T. tricuspidata Lour.). The trichomes in the family Cucurbitaceae vary from unicellular to multicellular, conical to elongated, smooth to ridges, with or without flattened disk at base and cyctolithic appendages, thin to thick walled, curved at apices to blunt. Trichomes micromorphology in the family Cucurbitaceae was found significant taxonomically.     

福建被子植物分布新记录Ⅷ

在福建省中药资源普查及本土植物全覆盖调查过程中,发现福建植物2个新记录属——金瓜属(Gymnopetalum Arn.)、穿心草属(Canscora Lam.),4个新记录种——金瓜[Gymnopetalum chinense(Lour.)Merr.]、罗星草(Canscora andrographioides Griff.ex C.B.Clarke)、长毛野扁豆[Dunbaria crinita(Dunn)Maesen]、针齿铁仔(Myrsine semiserrata Wall.)。4种均为华东地区新记录。凭证标本存放于福建中医药大学标本馆和上海辰山植物标本馆(CSH)。     

江西省6种野生植物分布新记录

江西武夷山国家级自然保护区位于武夷山脉主峰黄岗山及其周边区域,与福建武夷山国家级自然保护区相连,二者共同被列为中国40个具有国际保护意义的 A级自然保护区。江西武夷山国家级自然保护区是中国大陆东南部最高山地的自然保护区,具有典型的山地森林生态系统,植物资源丰富[1]。为进一步摸清该保护区内的植物分布现状,2013年至2015年,作者采取线路调查、样方调查、民间走访和标本采集等方法,在不同季节多次对该保护区内的重点植物进行全面调查,并通过查阅《江西植物志》等相关资料[2-3],发现江西省野生植物新记录6种(图1),隶属于6科6属。凭证标本现存于江西中医药大学药学院药用植物标本馆( JXCM)。     

罗汉松根瘤内生细菌的分离和特性

罗汉松Ｐｏｄｏｃａｒｐｕｓｍａｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｓ(Ｔｈｕｎｂ .)Ｄ .Ｄｏｎ是裸子植物亚门罗汉松科一种 ,在我国主产长江以南各省 ,为用材及园林绿化的优良树种 ,种子和根可入药。关于罗汉松根际微生物的研究 ,梁秀棠[1] 、花晓梅[2 ] 曾报道其根与菌根真菌共生形成外生或内生菌根。国外有学者发现 ,几种其它的罗汉松科植物Ｐ .ｎｕｂｉｇｅｎｕｓ等具有结瘤固氮现象[3～ 6] ,但对其与细菌共生形成根瘤以及根瘤内生细菌的分离鉴定至今国内外尚未见报道。作者在广西的南宁、桂林、扶绥及广东的佛山等地进行野外调查 ,证明罗汉松在自然界…     

江津楼梯草, 重庆荨麻科一新种

描述了自重庆南部发现的荨麻科楼梯草一新种,江津楼梯草(Elatostema jiangjinense)。此新种与锐齿楼梯草(E. cyrtandrifolium)近缘,两者的区别在于江津楼梯草的叶在狭侧具2条二级脉,托叶卵形或披针形,以及雄总苞片在顶端具长角状突起。     

湖南植物志资料（一）木兰科、八角科、五味子科、樟科、水马齿科补遗

本文报道了湖南植物新记录共计１１种,隶属于５科１０属．归并樟科植物３种２变种：将石木姜子ＬｉｔｓｅａｆａｂｅｒｉＨｅｍｓｌ．和近轮叶木姜子Ｌ．ｓｕｂｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｌａｔａＹａｎｇ归入黄丹木姜子Ｌ．ｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ（Ｗａｌｌ．ｅｘＮｅｅｓ）Ｂｅｎｔｈ．ｅｔＨｏｏｋ．ｆ．,将长梗绒楠ＭａｃｈｉｌｕｓｖｅｌｕｔｉｎａＣｈａｍｐ．ｅｘＢｅｎｔｈ．ｖａｒ．ｌｉｎｇｉｐｅｄｕｎｃｕｌａｔａＣ．Ｊ．Ｑｉ归入绒毛润楠Ｍ．ｖｅｌｕｔｉｎａＣｈａｍｐ．ｅｘＢｅｎｔｈ．,将短梗新木姜子ＮｅｏｌｉｔｓｅａｂｒｅｖｉｐｅｓＨ．Ｗ．Ｌｉ归入美丽新木姜子Ｎ．ｐｕｌｃｈｅｌｌａ（Ｍｅｉｓｓｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．,将紫云山新木姜子Ｎ．ｗｕｓｈａｎｉｃａ（Ｃｈｕｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．ｖａｒ．ｐｕｂｅｎｓＹａｎｇｅｔＰ．Ｈ．Ｈｕａｎｇ归入巫山新木姜子Ｎ．ｗｕｓｈａｎｉｃａ（Ｃｈｕｎ）Ｍｅｒｒ．．     

基于天然更新性能筛选海南岛木麻黄海防林混交树种

基于对海南木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia L.)海防林天然更新情况的实地调查,采用更新数量、更新分布范围和更新结构3项单目标评价方法和熵权综合评价方法,对不同树种在木麻黄林下的天然更新性能进行评价和排序,据此筛选出适宜在木麻黄林下天然更新的树种。结果显示,更新能力较强的树种有:乔木树种潺槁木姜子(Litsea glutinosa(Lour.)C.B.Rob.)、大叶相思(Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth)、苦楝(Melia azedarace L.)和鹊肾树(Streblus asper Lour.);小乔木鸦胆子(Brucea javanica(Linn.)Merr.)、露兜树(Pandanus tectorius Sol.)和暗罗(Polyalthia suberosa(Roxb.)Thw.);灌木酒饼簕(Atalantia buxifolia(Poir.)Oliv.)、调料九里香(Murraya koenigii(L.)Spreng.)、刺篱木(Flacourtia indica(Burm.F.)Merr.)和基及树(Carmona microphylla(lam.)G.Don)。具有一定更新潜力的树种有:乔木树种榄仁树(Terminalia catappa L.)、红厚壳(Calophyllum inophyllum L.)等;小乔木粗糠柴(Mallotus philippensis(Lam.)Muell.Arg.)、八脉臭黄荆(Premna octonervia Merr.et Metc.)等;灌木苦郎树(Clerodendrum inerme(L.)Gaertn.)、九节(Psychotria rubra(Lour.)Poir.)等。小乔木和灌木是海防林的伴生树种,适当保留和种植可提高木麻黄林的物种多样性和层次结构。选用天然更新良好的树种与木麻黄混交,最终可实现海防林由人工林向“近自然”林的转化。     

竹柏中两个新二萜双内酯

从竹柏[Podocarpus nagi(Thunb.)Zoll. et Mor. ex Zoll.]种子中分离到两种新化合物:表赛络文C(1)和竹柏内酯甙B(2),并用波谱及化学方法鉴定了其结构。化合物1显示较强的细胞毒性,化合物2则无活性。     

中国算盘子属(叶下珠科)一些种的分类学处理

算盘子属(Glochidion J.R.G.Forst.)是叶下珠科(Phyllanthaceae)叶下珠族(Phyllantheae)中一个分类极为困难的类群。基于广泛野外考察与馆藏标本查阅,对中国该属部分物种进行分类学处理。其中,长柱算盘子[G.khasicum(Müll.Arg.)Hook.f.]与倒卵叶算盘子(G.obovatum SieboldZucc.)在中国的分布予以排除,菲岛算盘子[G.philippicum(Cav.)C.B.Rob.]在中国被发现仅分布于台湾地区;G.bodinieri H.Lév.,G.pseudo-obscurum var.glabrum Pamp.与G.pseudo-obscurum var.lanceolatum Pamp.这三个名称被处理为湖北算盘子(G.wilsonii Hutch.)的新异名;G.vaniotii H.Lév.被排除在算盘子属外,并接受为芸香科臭常春(Orixa japonica Thunb.)的异名。另外,对G.khasicum(Müll.Arg.)Hook.f.,G.obovatum SieboldZucc.,G.philippicum(Cav.)C.B.Rob.,G.pseudo-obscurum var.lanceolatum Pamp.及G.wilsonii Hutch.这五个名称进行了后选模式的指定。     

中国香港17种植物新记录

报道了香港17种植物新记录:无配膜叶铁角蕨[Hymenasplenium apogamum(N.Murak.&Hatan.)Nakaike]、似薄唇蕨(Leptochilus decurrens Blume)、穿心藤[Amydrium hainanense(H.Li,Y.Shiao&S.L.Tseng)H.Li]、毛背...