武汉东湖间隙水的地球化学

本文报道了东湖沉积物的pH、Eh状况和原因,沉积物间隙水的化学特征。在东湖间隙水的地球化学过程中,CaCO3与MgCO3的过饱和度之比为44.6,有利于CaCO3的沉积,CaCO3的形成趋势大于CaMg(CO3)2,硫体系优势场表明硫多数以SO42-形式存在,溶解在间隙水中的SiO2大多数为无定形硅,硅酸盐在沉淀时可吸附金属离子,使金属离子在沉积物中富集,净化水体。       

富营养化城市湖泊武汉东湖沉积物微生物群体结构及空间变化研究(英文)北大核心CSCD

【目的】城市湖泊沉积物中的微生物群体是富营养环境生物修复的重要因素。本研究拟对中型富营养化湖泊——武汉东湖沉积物细菌群体结构及空间变化规律进行研究。加深对富营养湖泊微生物群体结构的理解,并为城市湖泊的保护和污染控制提供参考。【方法】采用16S r RNA基因RFLP分析和序列分析技术获得细菌群体系统发育信息。采用PCoA法分析武汉东湖沉积物细菌群体内以及与其它湖泊沉积物细菌群体间的相似性。采用CCA法分析环境因素对细菌群体的影响。【结果】武汉东湖沉积物细菌群体包含13个门和2个未知种群。PCoA分析进一步表明来自东湖3个子湖的细菌群体与其它地域富营养化湖泊的微生物种群结构相似,并区别于重度富营养化子湖庙湖的细菌群体。在庙湖中,我们发现了Thermogymnomonas类古菌的含量显著偏高。CCA分析表明细菌的分布与沉积物中碳、氮和磷元素的含量显著相关。【结论】本研究进一步确证了环境因素对细菌群体组成和分布的调节作用,加深了对富营养水体微生物群体结构的理解,并为城市湖泊的保护和污染控制提供了参考。     

富营养化城市湖泊武汉东湖沉积物微生物群体结构及空间变化研究（英文）

【目的】城市湖泊沉积物中的微生物群体是富营养环境生物修复的重要因素。本研究拟对中型富营养化湖泊——武汉东湖沉积物细菌群体结构及空间变化规律进行研究。加深对富营养湖泊微生物群体结构的理解,并为城市湖泊的保护和污染控制提供参考。【方法】采用16S r RNA基因RFLP分析和序列分析技术获得细菌群体系统发育信息。采用PCoA法分析武汉东湖沉积物细菌群体内以及与其它湖泊沉积物细菌群体间的相似性。采用CCA法分析环境因素对细菌群体的影响。【结果】武汉东湖沉积物细菌群体包含13个门和2个未知种群。PCoA分析进一步表明来自东湖3个子湖的细菌群体与其它地域富营养化湖泊的微生物种群结构相似,并区别于重度富营养化子湖庙湖的细菌群体。在庙湖中,我们发现了Thermogymnomonas类古菌的含量显著偏高。CCA分析表明细菌的分布与沉积物中碳、氮和磷元素的含量显著相关。【结论】本研究进一步确证了环境因素对细菌群体组成和分布的调节作用,加深了对富营养水体微生物群体结构的理解,并为城市湖泊的保护和污染控制提供了参考。     

洞穴体系对外界气候与生态环境的响应

从大气降水、土壤水和洞穴滴水的继承关系的角度,在对洞穴化学沉积物形成的必备因素-洞穴滴水的地球化学形成过程作逐步分析的基础上,综合讨论了洞穴体系对外界气候与生态环境的响应关系。提出对洞穴综合体系开展详尽的长期观测与研究,更加深入地揭示现在正在进行的洞穴碳酸盐沉积过程,即观测现在环境下洞穴化学沉积物的沉积过程及其对环境的响应,是洞穴化学沉积物应用于全球变化研究领域需要更加引起重视的方向。     

洪湖生态环境的化学结构

本文探讨了化学元素在洪湖水、植物、沉积物中的分布,在此基础上分析了水生植物对元素的吸收特征及元素在生态系统中的贮存和迁移规律。指出湖水中Ｃａ￣（２＋）和是主要的阳离子和阴离子,湖水酸容纳能力在１．２×１０￣（－３）－２．０×１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ／ｌＨ￣＋之间,水化学的稳定性受到碳酸盐地球化学平衡过程的控制;湖中水生植物具有富集Ｃ、Ｎ、Ｋ、Ｃａ和Ｃｄ的性质,并导致这些元素在沉积物表层集累;系统中Ｃ多存在于植物体中,Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ和Ｍｇ多存在于沉积物中,沉积物分室是营养元素主要的贮存库。     

海洋沉积物微生物介导有机碳转化研究进展

海洋沉积物是地球上最大的有机碳库,其中生存的微生物总量大、分布范围广、类群多样、代谢方式复杂,并共同构成海洋沉积物微生物组。海洋沉积物微生物组介导的有机碳降解与矿化过程不但能为沉积物中的生命活动提供物质和能量,也能参与调控碳循环过程,并在长时间尺度上对地球气候系统产生重大影响。沉积物中的有机碳在复杂多样的微生物代谢活动下被逐步降解,其最终的矿化过程与不同的电子受体消耗相偶合,并形成对应的地球化学分区。研究海洋沉积物微生物及其介导的有机碳转化过程对我们深入认识沉积物中的元素循环过程,并进一步评估其对整个地球系统的影响具有重要科学意义。本文对海洋沉积物微生物组的体量、包含的微生物多样性、代谢活性以及在不同地球化学分区中主要的微生物类群和代谢机制进行综述,最后基于研究现状展望了海洋沉积物微生物组的未来研究方向。     

互花米草入侵对黄河三角洲湿地表层沉积物金属元素分布格局的影响

互花米草被引入后迅速生长蔓延,已成为黄河三角洲河口湿地主要入侵物种,极大影响了河口湿地沉积物表层重金属元素分布格局。本研究选取不同入侵年限(3、5、7、10、15和20年)的互花米草湿地以及芦苇湿地、盐地碱蓬湿地、柽柳湿地和光滩湿地,采集表层沉积物并测定Ca、Fe、Mg、Mn、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cr、Cd、Cu和Li元素含量,采用富集系数及地累积指数法对污染水平进行评价,分析互花米草入侵对元素分布格局的影响。结果表明：(1)随入侵时间推进,互花米草湿地表层沉积物有机碳(SOC)和总氮(TN)含量要大于本土植被覆盖湿地表层沉积物含量。本土植物所在湿地沉积物重金属含量要高于互花米草入侵湿地沉积物重金属含量。(2)Ca处于中度富集状态,而Cd可能造成本地区中度污染。(3)重金属元素之间具有显著相关关系,尤其是Fe、Mn元素与Mg、Zn、Cu元素相关性较大,互花米草湿地中的大多数元素变化主要受岩石圈基岩风化和泥沙搬运沉积影响。     

Cr6+污染对菱叶中矿质元素含量的影响

研究Ｃｒ＾６＋污染后菱浮水叶和沉水叶中Ｃｒ、Ｋ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ元素的含量,结果显示：Ｃｒ含量随培养浓度的上升而上升,Ｋ、Ｍｇ随培养浓度的上升而下降,Ｆｅ含量随培养浓度的上升而出现先上升后下降,Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ与Ｃｒ＾６＋的培养浓度无明显的相关关系。     

缙云山常绿阔叶林四川大头茶果实中矿质营养元素含量及季节动态

本文测定了缙云山常绿阔叶林中四川大头茶果实中Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ,Ｃａ,Ｍｇ,Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ,Ｆｅ,Ｍｎ９种矿质营养元素的含量,研究了这些元素的季节吸收特点与繁殖分配,并探讨了这些元素与某些土壤化学因素之间的关系,结果表明：四川大头茶果实在生长期内矿质营养元素含量随季节而变化,各元素平均含量顺序为：Ｎ＞Ｋ＞Ｃａ＞Ｍｇ＞Ｐ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｕ。土壤中化学因子与四川大头茶果实中常量元素含量之间的关系密切,果实中Ｎ含量受土壤中Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ含量的综合影响,土壤有机质最终会影响到果实中Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ,Ｃａ的吸收,矿质元素的果实繁殖分配量与果实净生物生产量分配之间不存在特定的比例关系。果实元素分配所占比例的大小顺序为Ｐ＞Ｎ＞Ｋ＞Ｃａ＞Ｆｅ＞Ｍｇ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｚｎ＞Ｃｕ。     

洪湖生态系统钙的地球化学特征

钙是湖泊生态系统中重要的营养元素,也是决定系统稳定性的重要元素之一。水中钙盐由于溶解和沉淀过程而发生迁移,植物对钙的吸收也会引起钙在系统中的重新分配,因此,水和植物是钙在湖泊生态系统中表现其地球化学特征的重要介质。本文从水、植物和沉积物三个层次讨论了钙在生态系统中的地球化学行为及其分布特征。       

武汉东湖的磷-浮游植物动态模型

本文报道了东湖的一个富营养化模型。这个模型按照1年的时间标度描述东湖藻类的生长和磷循环,其状态变量包括浮游植物磷、藻类生物量、正磷酸盐、碎屑磷和沉积物磷。模型校准和检验结果表明,模型对于系统给定状态的描述是令人满意的,并且对于系统的强制函数的改变能给予合理的响应。根据东湖富营养化工程治理的初步设想,利用模型进行了东湖污水截流前后的水质预报,同时考查了截流后移出沉积物或引灌江水对于改善其水质的效果。模型所提供的各种预报可供拟定东湖治理方案时参考。     

长江中下游部分湖泊沉积物碱性磷酸酶分布及其作用研究

沉积物磷负荷在湖泊富营养化的发生与恢复过程中具有关键作用,其释放受物理、化学与生物机制调节,而碱性磷酸酶催化有机磷的矿化,故当为促进沉积物磷循环的重要因素。本文讨论了长江中下游部分湖泊沉积物碱性磷酸酶分布及其在磷释放过程中的作用。五里湖疏浚与未疏浚区以及太湖、巢湖、龙感湖、东湖、月湖、龙阳湖、莲花湖等不同湖泊的不同区域表层沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)明显不同,这种空间异质性与湖泊富营养化程度相联系。此外,APA随沉积物的深度递减,或在中间与较深层次出现峰值,且具明显的季节性。上述事实以及APA对抑制剂的不同响应方式暗示酶存在形态的多样性(同工酶)。苯丙氨酸(Phe)明显提高月湖与五里湖沉积物APA,沉积物与Phe相互作用并静置一天之后,生物可利用性磷(SRP)的释放量明显增加。再者,Phe可抑制月湖沉积物APA,沉积物与Phe相互作用并静置一天之后,SRP释放量无明显变化,溶解有机磷(DOP)的释放量则明显增加。因此,释放的SRP部分来自某些活跃的有机磷的酶促水解,沉积物碱性磷酸酶在内源磷的释放以及富营养化过程中具有重要作用。     

东湖茶港排污口底泥对稀有鮈鲫的毒性

以东湖茶港排污口底泥复溶水为试验相,采用96h急性毒性试验和胚胎—卵黄囊吸收阶段毒性试验方法,研究了东湖茶港排污口底泥对稀有的鮈鲫毒性。结果显示,高浓度的复溶水对稀有鮈鲫胚胎、仔鱼和幼鱼具有明显的毒性效应,而胚胎—卵黄囊吸收阶段更为敏感。随着复溶水浓度的增加,稀有鮈鲫受精卵孵化率降低,仔鱼畸形率增高、成活率降低、生长减慢;对胚胎—卵黄囊吸收阶段的NOEC、LOEC和MATC分别为12.5%、25%和17.68%;对幼鱼96h LC50为69.1%。本文的研究还表明,底泥经晾晒后毒性大幅降低,暗示恢复东湖通江状态并让水位自然涨落,可能有助于缓解污染、恢复生态环境。     

Nuisance cyanobacteria in an urbanized impoundment: interacting internal phosphorus loading, nitrogen metabolism, and polymixis

Severe nuisance blooms of cyanobacteria, mainly Aphanizomenon and Microcystis, historically have plagued polymictic Ford Lake, one of the most productive warm-water sport fishing lakes in Michigan, U.S.A. Biomass development in the lake is known to be limited by phosphorus. Alternative theories ascribed nuisance conditions either to allochthonous inputs or to internal loading of phosphorus from anoxic sediments. From 2003 to 2009, there was a strong linear relationship between allochthonous total phosphorus income and phosphorus retained within the basin. The relationship had a negative intercept, implying negative retention, or positive export, of phosphorus from the lake from May to September. Mass balance calculations at lake inlet and outlet were consistent with rates of sedimentary phosphorus accumulation measured from sediment cores. Release rates of soluble reactive phosphorus from anoxic sediments were half that of allochthonous inputs. However, severe declines in nitrogen to phosphorus ratio developed in the anoxic, nitrate-poor hypolimnion because accumulation of ammonium was only tenfold that of phosphate. The result was a steep decline in ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus during July and August throughout the lake after episodic mixing events, followed by and coinciding with development of heterocystous Aphanizomenon populations. Lake sediment composition determined by X-ray fluorescence in addition to results of sediment core experiments indicates that phosphorus release is governed by an iron trap mechanism such that phosphate and iron are released only when both oxygen and nitrate are depleted.     

The change of sediment composition during recovery of two Finnish lakes induced by waste water purification and lake oxygenation

Total oxygen deficit occurred regularly during stagnation periods in the deepest part of Lake Kallavesi in the period 1973–1986. The sediment was black and anaerobic during the first sampling in 1987. After beginning of artificial lake oxygenation and efficient purification of waste waters of a paper board mill in 1986 the oxygen deficit decreased gradually and a light brown oxidized uppermost sediment layer appeared and began to thicken. The following changes in the sediment composition were observed during 1987–1996: loss on ignition, total nitrogen and BOD₇ concentrations decreased in the uppermost sediment layer (0–2 cm) and BOD₇ concentration increased in the next sediment layer beneath (2–10 cm). There were no significant change in phosphorus and iron concentrations.Lake oxygen, total phosphorus and suspended solids concentrations fluctuated in a noticeable degree in Lake Huruslahti depending on waste water input and artificial oxygenation during the years 1980–1993. Oxygen condition was good at times of successful waste water elimination and lake oxygenation while deterioration of either resulted oxygen deficiency as well as increase of total phosphorus and suspended solids concentration. Most of the internal load entered with suspended solids during periods of total oxygen deficiency.An explanation for the findings in Lake Huruslahti could be microbiological. Gas formation inside sediment lift organic material towards top of the sediment and into the water, but after the lake recovery the material retain in the sediment. Also in Lake Kallavesi microbiological gas formation resuspended sediment particles with phosphorus into the overlaying water prior to oxygenation. During oxygenation microbiological processes in uppermost sediment utilize the anaerobic metabolic products, organic acids and methane, and block gas formation. Organic substances remain in the top sediment decomposing gradually in the uppermost layer.     

Distribution of Sediment Phosphorus Fractions in Hypertrophic Strongly Stratified Lake Verevi

Lake Verevi is a hypertrophic and strongly stratified (partly meromictic) small temperate lake. Vertical distribution of sediment phosphorus fractions as well as iron, manganese, organic matter and calcium carbonate of the deep bottom sediment was determined. The study focused on the ecologically important layer of the sediment [<20(45) cm]. In the uppermost layers of the sediment, NaOH-NRP (organic P) dominated while HCl-RP (apatite-P) became dominant in some deeper layers below 7 cm. Extremely high concentrations of labile phosphorus fraction (NH₄Cl-RP) indicated the low binding capacity of phosphorus by lake sediment. Due to sediment and hypolimnion anoxia, the internal load of phosphorus in this lake is most likely. Potentially mobile phosphorus fractions (NH₄Cl-RP, BD-RP, NaOH-NRP) formed 301 kg in upper 10 cm thick sediment layer of hypolimnetic bottom sediment (40% of lake bottom area).     

东湖表层沉积物中氨氧化古菌和氨氧化细菌丰度及多样性研究

研究通过高通量测序和荧光定量PCR等分子生物学分析方法, 以氨单加氧酶基因(amoA)为分子标记, 研究了东湖表层沉积物中AOA和AOB的群落多样性、丰度及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明, 东湖沉积物AOA主要为Nitrosopumilus, 其群落结构与沉积物中总氮含量显著相关, 而AOB主要为Nitrosomonas, 群落结构与沉积物中总有机碳和总磷显著相关。此外, 不同季节AOA丰度均高于AOB, 且沉积物AOA数量与温度呈显著负相关, 但AOB丰度变化不明显。东湖沉积物中AOA可能主导了氨氧化过程。     

Nearly a decade‐long repeatable seasonal diversity patterns of bacterioplankton communities in the eutrophic Lake Donghu (Wuhan,China)

Uncovering which environmental factors govern community diversity patterns and how ecological processes drive community turnover are key questions related to understand the community assembly. However, the ecological mechanisms regulating long‐term variations of bacterioplankton communities in lake ecosystems remain poorly understood. Here we present nearly a decade‐long study of bacterioplankton communities from the eutrophic Lake Donghu (Wuhan, China) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with MiSeq platform. We found strong repeatable seasonal diversity patterns in terms of both common (detected in more than 50% samples) and dominant (relative abundance >1%) bacterial taxa turnover. Moreover, community composition tracked the seasonal temperature gradient, indicating that temperature is a key environmental factor controlling observed diversity patterns. Total phosphorus also contributed significantly to the seasonal shifts in bacterioplankton composition. However, any spatial pattern of bacterioplankton communities across the main lake areas within season was overwhelmed by their temporal variabilities. Phylogenetic analysis further indicated that 75%–82% of community turnover was governed by homogeneous selection due to consistent environmental conditions within seasons, suggesting that the microbial communities in Lake Donghu are mainly controlled by niche‐based processes. Therefore, dominant niches available within seasons might be occupied by similar combinations of bacterial taxa with modest dispersal rates throughout different lake areas.     

Surficial sediment phosphorus fractions along a biogeochemical gradient in Nyanza (Winam) Gulf, northeastern Lake Victoria and their possible role in phosphorus recycling and internal loading

Different phosphorus fractions and metal element composition of surficial sediments were measured on three occasions in 2005 and 2006 along a transect between Nyanza Gulf and offshore Lake Victoria, in order to assess the potential for sediments to contribute to the water column P concentrations in Lake Victoria. Total phosphorus (TP), apatite phosphorus (AP), inorganic phosphorus (IP) and organic phosphorus (OP) increased in sediments along the gulf towards the main lake while the non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) increases were less defined. The longitudinal gradient of sediment TP and its fractions in Nyanza Gulf is a result of high rates of terrigenous input and resuspension and transport of the light, phosphorus rich inorganic and organic matter towards the main lake. TP in the sediment ranged from 812.7 to 1,738 mg/kg dry weight (DW) and was highest in the Rusinga Channel, the exchange zone between the gulf and the main lake. AP was the most important TP fraction, contributing between 35 and 57.3% of TP. Ca content in the sediment was strongly associated with TP and AP in the sediment (r² = 0.92 and 0.98, respectively) in the gulf and the channel, indicating the importance of apatite in controlling P availability in these zones. In the gulf and the Rusinga Channel, the less bioavailable apatite phosphorus dominated, whereas in the deeper main lake OP was the major fraction illustrating the importance of anaerobic release of P from sediments and acceleration of internal P loading in the main lake.     

Stratification of alkaline phosphatase in sediments of two urban lakes and its effect on phosphorus cycle

Phosphorus loadings in sediments play an important role in lake eutrophication and the progress of its recovery. The phosphorus release is controlled by physical, chemical and biological mechanisms. Alkaline phosphatase catalyzes remineralization of organic phosphorus and then it may be an important factor accelerating phosphorus cycling in sediments. In this paper, distributions, properties and function of alkaline phosphatase with depths in sediments of two urban lakes were discussed. Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in the sediments of Lake Yuehu decreased with the sediment depth. APA in sediments of Lake Yuehu was, mostly, inhibited by Phe and L-Cys; and inhibiting ability of Phe could be stronger than L-Cys. APA in deeper layer (20–30 cm) of sediments was more sensitive to the inhibitors than other layers, but range of variation in APA was most wide in the subsurface layer (10–20 cm). All the facts implied that alkaline phosphatase occurred in various forms (isoenzymes). APA in the sediments with different depths of Lake Donghu responded Phe differently. Reacted with Phe and incubated for 1 day, the amounts of SRP released by these sediments varied correspondingly. SRP on the overlying water in deeper layers (5–10 cm and 15–20 cm) of Site T1 was higher than that in surface layer (0–5 cm) of the same site, 1 day after incubation. Hence, the SRP release resulted, at least partially, from the hydrolysis of some liable organic phosphorus mediated by APA. Alkaline phosphatase in lake sediments plays an important role in the release of internal phosphorus loadings and eutrophication. A possible explanation for the sensitivity at deeper layers could be another active region of hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase from organic phosphorus, which added a new dimension in phosphorus cycling mediated by some biochemical mechanisms.