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1.
小麦染色体组的起源与进化探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对小麦染色体组的起源及其进化进行了全面综述后,提出了一个新的小麦进化途径,并认为:(1)Triticummonococumvarurartu是多倍体小麦A组的原初供体,在A组进入多倍体小麦后有Tmonovarboeoticum的基因渗入;(2)B和G组的原初供体是Tspeltoides的S组,在该S组进入多倍体小麦后有两个进化方向,即S组结构分化形成G组和S组经外源染色体代换及重组等而进化成B组;(3)Tturgidum和Ttimophevi都是来自Tspeltoides为母本与Tmonovarurartu杂交后并双二倍化而形成的原初四倍体小麦(SSAA),并由它分别经遗传渗入和结构分化而成;(4)Tzhukovskyi是Ttimophevi作母本与Tmonovarboeoticum杂交并双二倍化而形成,故它具有分别来自Tmonovarurartu和Tmonovarboeoticum的两类A组;(5)Taestivum的D组来自Ttauschi;(6)无论A组、B组、D组、G组在进入多倍体小麦后均有相当分化,同时在其供体种中也有一定分化。 相似文献
2.
普通小麦基因组最可能的4个供体的ITS1和ITS2序列及其亲缘关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对普通小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)基因组(AABBDD)最可能的供体-T.uratrtuThum.(AA)、T.monoccumvar.boeoticum(Boiss.)MK(AA)、AegilopsspeltoidesTausch.和Ae.tauschii(Coss.(DD)的核糖体RNA基因ITS区进行了PCR扩增和克隆,并测定了ITS1和ITS2的DNA序列,讨论和纠正了前人 相似文献
3.
青藏高原近缘野生大麦5S rRNA基因染色体原位杂交定位 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用原位杂交技术,以5S rRNA基因为探针,对产于青藏高原的4份近缘野生大麦和栽培大麦,即:二棱野生大麦Hordeum vulgare L.ssp.spontaneum(Koch)Hsue,六棱野生大麦H.vulgare L.ssp.agriocrithon(Aberg) Hsue,六棱瓶形野生大麦H.vulgare L.ssp.agriocrithon var.lagunculiform(Bakht) Hsue,栽培大麦H.vulgare.L.进行了研究,将杂交结果进行观察与统计,并建立起5S rRNA基因定位的模式图。结果表明5S rRNA基因在染色体上的位点呈现动态变化,由二棱野生大麦、六棱瓶形野生大麦到六棱野生大麦、栽培大麦、位点数目有递增的趋势,而且位置也发生了某些改变。探讨了5S rRNA基因进化 相似文献
4.
普通小麦三个基因组之间的遗传关系及原位杂交分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以普通小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)的3个可能的二倍体供体种(乌拉尔图小麦(T.urartuThum.)拟斯卑尔脱山羊草(AegilopsspeltoidesTausch)和粗山羊草(Ae.tauschiiCoss.)的基因组DNA为研究对象,通过它们之间的相互杂交,比较杂交强度以及泳道中带纹的不同,并结合部分DNA重复序列在基因组间含量差异的数据,得出结论:A^u和D基因组的关系 相似文献
5.
中国桑寄生科植物资料(三) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作者在编著《FloraofChina》Loranthaceae过程中,据近年采集的标本和花粉形态研究,修订了《中国植物志》第24卷的桑寄生科。现报道钝果寄生属(Taxilus)二个新分类单位:油杉钝果寄生T.reni,狭叶钝果寄生T.liquidambaricolusvar.nerifolius的描述和枫香钝果寄生T.liquidambaricolusvar.liquidambaricolus及显脉钝果寄生T.caloreasvar.fargesi的地理分布区等;另有梨果寄生属(Scurrula)一个新组合:藏南梨果寄生S.buddleioidesvar.heynei。 相似文献
6.
吉林省产5种百合的核型研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
报道了吉林省产5种百合科植物的染色体数目和核型:①毛百合Lilium dauricum Ker.-Gew1.2n=24=2m(2SAT)+2sm(2SAT)+8st(2SAT)+12t(2SAT);②有斑百合L.concolor Salisb.var.buschianum(Lodd.)Baker 2n=24=2m(2SAT)+4sm(4SAT)+6st(2SAT)+12t;③兰州百合L.david 相似文献
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8.
西方报道枝孢属一新种:罗Mo枝孢Cladosporium metaplexis Z.Y.Zhang et X.Y.Wang.sp.nov.和二个新记录种:叶生枝孢槭变种C.epiphyllum (Pers.)Martin var.aerinum Saccardo和绳状枝孢C.funiculosum Yananoto。新种附有拉丁文描述及形态图,模式标本保存于云南农业大学真菌标本室(MHYAU)。 相似文献
9.
对普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)-节节麦(Aegilops squarrosa)八倍体(2n=8x=56,AABBDDDD)与硬粒小麦(Triticum durum)-簇毛麦9Haynaldia villosa)六倍体(2n=6x=42,AABBVV)杂交后,将所得七倍体杂种(AABBDDV)进行连续自交,在F4代中利用C-分带鉴定出可能的簇毛麦6V二体附加系95-7和2V二体附加 相似文献
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11.
利用RFLP揭示普通小麦与野生二粒小麦间A和B组染色体的遗传分化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To investigate chromosome differentiation of genome A and B between common wheat and wild emmer wheat ( Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides (Koern.) Bowden), the authors conducted a RFLP analysis of the two species using 153 genomic, cDNA and chromosome-specific probes. 75.8% of the probes had detected hybridization polymorphism in at least one of the five restriction enzymes. However, the polymorphic probes were unevenly distributed among different homoeologous groups, between different genomes and in different regions of a single chromosome. Homoeologous group 1 possessed the highest level of polymorphism (96.2%), followed by group 6 and 2 (84.6% and 82.1% respectively). In contrast, only 60%-67% of probes of the other four groups was polymorphic. In most groups the number of probes capable of detecting B chromosome polymorphism was slightly higher than that revealing A chromosome difference (totally 51.8% vs 43.1%). In a single chromosome, RFLP was predominant in the distal region (65.1%) and showed a decreasing trend from the proximal (46.2%) to the pericentric (42.4%) regions. The results suggest that there exists a substantial amount of DNA polymorphism between the A and B chromosomes of common wheat and those of wild emmer wheat, indicating that a considerable degree of genetic differentiation has taken place in the A and B genoms of two species during evolution from wild emmer to common wheat. The extent of the genetic differentiation may vary among different homoeologous groups, between A and B chromosomes and in different regions of individual chromosome. 相似文献
12.
In situ hybridization was used to map 21 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes to linkage groups 5 and 6 of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) in order to compare physical distances and genetic distances between adjacent markers. All 21 probes hybridized to the corresponding homoeologous chromosome arms. The linear order and linkage relationships among the DNA probes on the in situ-based physical maps were generally the same as those on the RFLP-based genetic maps. However, significant differences were observed between the centiMorgan distances on a linkage map and the physical distances of the probes using in situ-based techniques. The results indicated a clustering of polymorphic RFLP markers in the middle of all of the homoeologous group 5 and 6 chromosome arms. This suggests that the available linkage maps do not completely cover the physical length of the chromosomes. As with the genetic maps, the physical map clearly showed the presence of nonhomoeologous rearrangements in the terminal regions of chromosome arms 5AL and 6BS. However, the physical mapping gave an indication of the physical size of the rearrangements as well as their arm location. 相似文献
13.
Dilbirligi M Erayman M Campbell BT Randhawa HS Baenziger PS Dweikat I Gill KS 《Genomics》2006,88(1):74-87
Bread wheat chromosome 3A has been shown to contain genes/QTLs controlling grain yield and other agronomic traits. The objectives of this study were to generate high-density physical and genetic-linkage maps of wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosomes and reveal the physical locations of genes/QTLs controlling yield and its component traits, as well as agronomic traits, to obtain a precise estimate of recombination for the corresponding regions and to enrich the QTL-containing regions with markers. Physical mapping was accomplished by 179 DNA markers mostly representing expressed genes using 41 single-break deletion lines. Polymorphism survey of cultivars Cheyenne (CNN) and Wichita (WI), and a substitution line of CNN carrying chromosome 3A from WI [CNN(WI3A)], with 142 RFLP probes and 55 SSR markers revealed that the extent of polymorphism is different among various group 3 chromosomal regions as well as among the homoeologs. A genetic-linkage map for chromosome 3A was developed by mapping 17 QTLs for seven agronomic traits relative to 26 RFLP and 15 SSR chromosome 3A-specific markers on 95 single-chromosome recombinant inbred lines. Comparison of the physical maps with the 3A genetic-linkage map localized the QTLs to gene-containing regions and accounted for only about 36% of the chromosome. Two chromosomal regions containing 9 of the 17 QTLs encompassed less than 10% of chromosome 3A but accounted for almost all of the arm recombination. To identify rice chromosomal regions corresponding to the particular QTL-containing wheat regions, 650 physically mapped wheat group 3 sequences were compared with rice genomic sequences. At an E value of E < or = 10(-5), 82% of the wheat group 3 sequences identified rice homologs, of which 54% were on rice chromosome 1. The rice chromosome 1 region collinear with the two wheat regions that contained 9 QTLs was about 6.5 Mb. 相似文献
14.
Cifuentes M Blein M Benavente E 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,112(4):657-664
When a crop hybridizes with a wild relative, the potential for stable transmission to the wild of any crop gene is directly
related to the frequency of crop–wild homoeologous pairing for the chromosomal region where it is located within the crop
genome. Pairing pattern at metaphase I (MI) has been examined in durum wheat × Aegilops geniculata interspecific hybrids (2n=4x=ABUgMg) by means of a genomic in-situ hybridization procedure that resulted in simultaneous discrimination of A, B and wild genomes.
The level of MI pairing in the hybrids varied greatly depending on the crop genotype. However, their pattern of homoeologous
association was very similar, with a frequency of wheat–wild association close to 60% in all genotype combinations. A–wild
represented 80–85% of wheat–wild associations which supports that, on average, A genome sequences are much more likely to
be transferred to this wild relative following interspecific hybridization and backcrossing. Combination of genomic DNA probes
and the ribosomal pTa71 probe has allowed to determine the MI pairing behaviour of the major NOR-bearing chromosomes in these
hybrids (1B, 6B, 1Ug and 5Ug), in addition to wheat chromosome 4A which could be identified with the sole use of genomic probes. The MI pairing pattern
of the wild chromosome arms individually examined has confirmed a higher chance of gene escape from the wheat A genome. However,
a wide variation regarding the amount of wheat–wild MI pairing among the specific wheat chromosome regions under analysis
suggests that the study should be extended to other homoeologous groups. 相似文献
15.
Sixty-six F2 plants from the cross, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (abbrev. CS) x T. spelta var. duhamelianum (Spelta), exhibiting the greatest number of RFLPs among eight common wheats, were analyzed for their RFLP genotypes using genomic DNA clones of CS as probes. In total, 204 RFLP loci were identified and their linkage relationships established. By nulli-tetrasomic analyses, all linkage groups were assigned to one another of the 21 wheat chromosomes. In addition, the carrier chromosomes of 228 non-RFLP loci were identified. The linkage maps of these RFLP loci have a total size of 1800 cM and exceed those of the classical genes in both size and locus number. Twenty loci show distorted segregation, four of which are clustered on chromosome 4A and three on the 2D chromosome. The CS alleles on 4A exhibit preferential transmission, while those on 2D exhibit depressed transmission, compared with Spelta alleles. This suggests the influence of gametic factors in those regions. RFLP loci are much fewer in the D genome than in the A and B genomes, but the numbers of non-RFLP loci are nearly the same in these three genomes. This suggests that Spelta wheat originated from a hybridization between T. dicoccum (spelt emmer) and T. aestivum. 相似文献
16.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in wheat. I. Genomic DNA library construction and RFLP analysis in common wheat 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
To develop detailed linkage maps of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) sites in wheat chromosomes, it was necessary to construct a genomic DNA library and to characterize the clones obtained. Forty-nine per cent of the clones were of single or low copy number per genome. With 91 clones of this class, as probes, and with two to four restriction endonucleases, for DNA digestion, RFLPs were examined among eight common wheats and a single emmer wheat. About 20% of the probes, and 13% of the probe-enzyme combinations revealed genetic polymorphism among the common wheats. DNA deletions account for most of the genetic differences among these wheat genomes. Based on the RFLP data, phylogenetic distances among the nine polyploid wheats were estimated, and a dendrogram showing the genetic relationships among them was constructed. 相似文献
17.
Y. Loarce G. Hueros E. Ferrer 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(7):1112-1118
A genetic map of six chromosomes of rye, (all of the rye chromosomes except for 2R), was constructed using 77 RFLP and 12 RAPD markers. The map was developed using an F2 population of 54 plants from a cross between two inbred lines. A rye genomic library was constructed as a source of clones for RFLP mapping. Comparisons were made between the rye map and other rye and wheat maps by including additional probes previously mapped in those species. These comparisons allowed (1) chromosome arm orientation to the linkage groups to be given, (2) the corroboration of several evolutionary translocations between rye chromosomes and homoeologous chromosomes of wheat; (3) an increase in the number of available markers for target regions of rye that show colinearity with wheat. Inconsistencies in the location of markers between the wheat and rye maps were mostly detected by multi-copy probes. 相似文献
18.
Detailed Comparative Mapping of Cereal Chromosome Regions Corresponding to the Ph1 Locus in Wheat 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
Detailed physical mapping of markers from rice chromosome 9, and from syntenous (at the genetic level) regions of other cereal genomes, has resulted in rice yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contigs spanning parts of rice 9. This physical mapping, together with comparative genetic mapping, has demonstrated that synteny has been largely maintained between the genomes of several cereals at the level of contiged YACs. Markers located in one region of rice chromosome 9 encompassed by the YAC contigs have exhibited restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using deletion lines for the Ph1 locus. This has allowed demarcation of the region of rice chromosome 9 syntenous with the ph1b and ph1c deletions in wheat chromosome 5B. A group of probes located in wheat homoeologous group 5 and barley chromosome 5H, however, have synteny with rice chromosomes other than 9. This suggests that the usefulness of comparative trait analysis and of the rice genome as a tool to facilitate gene isolation will differ from one region to the next, and implies that the rice genome is more ancestral in structure than those of the Triticeae. 相似文献
19.
A 2500-locus bin map of wheat homoeologous group 5 provides insights on gene distribution and colinearity with rice 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Linkiewicz AM Qi LL Gill BS Ratnasiri A Echalier B Chao S Lazo GR Hummel DD Anderson OD Akhunov ED Dvorák J Pathan MS Nguyen HT Peng JH Lapitan NL Miftahudin Gustafson JP La Rota CM Sorrells ME Hossain KG Kalavacharla V Kianian SF Sandhu D Bondareva SN Gill KS Conley EJ Anderson JA Fenton RD Close TJ McGuire PE Qualset CO Dubcovsky J 《Genetics》2004,168(2):665-676
We constructed high-density deletion bin maps of wheat chromosomes 5A, 5B, and 5D, including 2338 loci mapped with 1052 EST probes and 217 previously mapped loci (total 2555 loci). This information was combined to construct a consensus chromosome bin map of group 5 including 24 bins. A relatively higher number of loci were mapped on chromosome 5B (38%) compared to 5A (34%) and 5D (28%). Differences in the levels of polymorphism among the three chromosomes were partially responsible for these differences. A higher number of duplicated loci was found on chromosome 5B (42%). Three times more loci were mapped on the long arms than on the short arms, and a significantly higher number of probes, loci, and duplicated loci were mapped on the distal halves than on the proximal halves of the chromosome arms. Good overall colinearity was observed among the three homoeologous group 5 chromosomes, except for the previously known 5AL/4AL translocation and a putative small pericentric inversion in chromosome 5A. Statistically significant colinearity was observed between low-copy-number ESTs from wheat homoeologous group 5 and rice chromosomes 12 (88 ESTs), 9 (72 ESTs), and 3 (84 ESTs). 相似文献
20.
Using wheat ditelosomic lines and in situ hybridization of biotin-labelled DNA probes, 18 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were physically located on homoeologous groups 1 and 3 chromosomes of wheat. Most of the markers hybridized to chromosome arms in a physical order concordant with the genetic maps. A majority of the markers studied were clustered in non-C-banded, distal euchromatic areas, indicating the presence of recombination hot spots and cold spots in those regions. However, on IBS the markers were well dispersed, which could be due to the abundance of heterochromatin throughout the arm. An inversion between Xpsr653 and Xpsr953 was observed on 1AL. One new Xpsr688 locus, approximately 20-26% from the centromere, was found on 1AS and 1BS. The physical location of Xpsr170 on group 3 chromosomes probably represents an alternative to the loci on the genetic map. Finally, Xpsr313 was mapped to two physical loci on IDL. Five markers were located to bins consistent with the deletion-based physical maps. 相似文献