拟南芥CKL3基因表达对非生物胁迫的响应

以拟南芥为材料,采用PCR和RT-PCR技术在DNA和RNA水平上鉴定出了与CKL3基因对应的T-DNA插入纯合突变体,并对其表型变化进行了观察.半定量RT-PCR检测CKL3基因在拟南芥不同器官和非生物胁迫响应中表达的结果表明,CKL3基因在根、花、叶中表达较高,在茎、叶柄中表达较弱;盐胁迫下CKL3基因表达下降,蓝光下CKL3基因表达升高,但热激和红光对此基因表达量的影响不大.     

拟南芥ATGs在发育和非生物胁迫中的表达特征和功能分析

植物细胞自噬(Autophagy)是依赖于液泡来降解体内异常蛋白的重要途径,其中ATGs (Autophagyrelated genes)蛋白对该途径中的核心组分自噬体的形成至关重要。目前在模式植物拟南芥中已经鉴定到35个ATGs,它们对细胞自噬的发生和调节起到关键作用,然而全面地认知植物ATGs在生长发育和逆境中的转录表达变化尚有不足。本研究通过收集公共数据库中的转录组数据,利用生物信息学方法挖掘了拟南芥ATGs的表达信息,展示了其在47个不同发育时期或组织部位的表达聚类情况,对比分析了ATGs在植物非生物胁迫情况下的地上部分(茎)和地下部分(根)的表达差异,同时结合ATGs的启动子组分分析,阐明ATGs表达的时空变化可能的调控分子机制。本研究将为进一步探索ATGs在生长发育和非生物胁迫中的功能提供基础数据和相关依据。     

拟南芥AtTERT对大肠杆菌非生物胁迫抗性的影响

端粒酶是真核生物中维持染色体末端DNA完整性的一类特殊逆转录酶,研究拟南芥AtTERT对大肠杆菌生长及非生物胁迫的影响,为深入研究TERT蛋白非端粒功能奠定基础.将拟南芥AtTERT转入大肠杆菌,成功构建pET32a-AtTERT原核表达载体,优化诱导条件,纯化并鉴定GST-AtTERT融合蛋白,运用Western b...     

一个编码1,3,4-三磷酸肌醇5/6-激酶类似物的拟南芥基因的克隆及其在胁迫条件下的表达分析

以对照和盐处理的拟南芥幼苗为材料,利用mRNA差异显示技术筛选得到一个受盐诱导的的3′端cDNA部分序列,其相应的基因AtITL1编码1,3,4-三磷酸肌醇5/6-激酶类似物.Northern blot分析表明,该基因除受盐诱导外,还受低温诱导,但几乎不受干旱和ABA诱导.分析AtITL1基因的5′区发现存在对渗透及低温胁迫起反应而对ABA不起反应的DRE/CRT顺式作用元件.这些研究表明,编码1,3,4-三磷酸肌醇5/6-激酶类似物的拟南芥基因可能参与了ABA不依赖的胁迫信号传递途径.     

转基因PnDof30拟南芥非生物胁迫下的抗性分析

Dof(DNA-binding with one finger)转录因子是植物中特有的一类转录因子,是锌指蛋白家族中的一个具有众多成员的家族,氨基酸长度一般在200~400,含有非常保守的N端和较为多变的C端。已有研究表明,Dof转录因子家族在参与植物发育的多种生理途径和调节碳氮代谢、增加氮素的吸收与利用,提高植株抗逆能力中起着重要作用。为了探究小黑杨(Populus simonii×P.nigra)中Dof30基因的抗逆能力,本研究以转基因PnDof30拟南芥为研究对象,对干旱、盐和渗透胁迫后过表达PnDof30拟南芥株系L2和野生型拟南芥WT的生理指标进行比较。发现胁迫后拟南芥株系L2的种子萌发率、根长和鲜重等指标均高于WT;同时SOD、POD、脯氨酸含量高于WT,叶绿素和MDA含量下降;胁迫后L2中的PnDof30基因表达量显著提高。这些结果表明了PnDof30基因具有抗旱、耐盐和渗透胁迫的能力,对全面了解Dof转录因子的抗逆胁迫功能具有重要的意义。     

异源表达CkLEA1基因增强了拟南芥对非生物胁迫的耐受性

植物在生长过程中会受到各种非生物胁迫的伤害,导致生长发育和产量受到严重影响,胚胎晚期丰富蛋白（late embryogenesis abundant proteins,LEA蛋白）在植物抵抗非生物胁迫过程中起着重要的保护作用。在前期的研究基础上,将受多种胁迫诱导的柠条锦鸡儿CkLEA1（GenBank登录号KC309408）基因转入野生型拟南芥,通过实时荧光定量PCR从7株T₃代纯合体中筛选出3个转基因株系做进一步研究。种子萌发率实验发现,在200 mmol/L NaCl和400 mmol/L甘露醇处理下,转基因株系萌发率均高于野生型拟南芥。干旱处理2周大的幼苗后,转基因株系明显比野生型更抗旱,存活率高于野生型,并且失水率低于野生型。同时,转基因株系积累了较少的丙二醛（MDA）,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量也高于野生型。这些结果表明,柠条锦鸡儿CkLEA1基因在种子萌发阶段提高了拟南芥对盐和渗透胁迫的耐受性,并且提高了转基因拟南芥幼苗生长阶段对干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。     

菜豆泛肽基因在生物和非生物胁迫下的表达

差别筛选HgCl2胁迫处理的菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）幼苗叶片cDNA库,分离出1个重金属胁迫响应基因PvSR52克隆,其cDNA长度为281bp。cDNA和氨基酸序列同源性分析表明PvSR52编码一种多聚泛肽。Southern blot结果表明菜豆泛肽可能由少数基因编码。Northern blot分析表明多聚泛肽叶片中表达较少;重金属Hg、Cd和As等、过量的Zn和Cu及高温、病毒侵染和水杨酸等环境胁迫均能强烈地刺激其在叶片中的表达。推测泛肽水解系统在提高植物的抗塑性方面有重要作用。     

非生物胁迫下水稻OsLRR基因的表达分析

植物中含有多种富含亮氨酸重复（leucine-rich repeats,LRRs）的蛋白质,这类蛋白质在植物生长、发育和抗病反应等方面发挥着重要作用。本研究在水稻中克隆到一个编码LRRs结构的基因OsLRR,以半定量RT-PCR检测了OsLRR在水稻不同组织和不同非生物胁迫的表达情况,并进一步分析了铝毒胁迫下OsLRR在抗铝和铝敏感水稻品种之间的表达差异。结果表明OsLRR在水稻根、叶鞘和叶中都有较高表达。铝、砷、PEG6000和ABA可诱导水稻根中OsLRR的表达,而镉、硝普钠和铁则抑制其表达。只有盐胁迫能诱导叶片中OsLRR的表达。铝毒可以诱导抗铝和铝敏感水稻品种根中OsLRR的表达,但随着处理时间的延长,抗铝品种中OsLRR的表达逐渐加强,而铝敏感品种中OsLRR的表达则逐渐减弱。     

Cytokinin action in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants

The phytohormone cytokinin was originally discovered as a regulator of cell division. Later, it was described to be involved in regulating numerous processes in plant growth and development including meristem activity, tissue patterning, and organ size. More recently, diverse functions for cytokinin in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses have been reported. Cytokinin is required for the defence against high light stress and to protect plants from a novel type of abiotic stress caused by an altered photoperiod. Additionally, cytokinin has a role in the response to temperature, drought, osmotic, salt, and nutrient stress. Similarly, the full response to certain plant pathogens and herbivores requires a functional cytokinin signalling pathway. Conversely, different types of stress impact cytokinin homeostasis. The diverse functions of cytokinin in responses to stress and crosstalk with other hormones are described. Its emerging roles as a priming agent and as a regulator of growth‐defence trade‐offs are discussed.     

Expression of soybean plant hemoglobin gene family under abiotic stresses

Many abiotic stresses induce the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in plant tissues, where it functions as a signal molecule in stress responses. Plants modulate NO by oxidizing it to NO₃⁻ with plant hemoglobin (GLB), because excess NO is toxic to cells. At least eight genes encoding GLB have been identified in soybean, in three clades: GLB1, GLB2, and GLB3. However, it is still unclear which GLB genes are responsible for NO regulation under abiotic stress in soybean. We exposed soybean roots to flooding, salt, and two NO donors—sodium pentacyanonitrosylferrate (III) dihydrate (SNP) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine (SNAP)—and analyzed expression of GLB genes. GmGLB1, one of two GLB1 genes of soybean, significantly responded to both SNP and SNAP, and its induction was almost completely repressed by a NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. GmGLB1 responded to flooding but not to salt, suggesting that it is responsible for NO regulation under NO-inducing abiotic stresses such as flooding. GmGLB3, one of two GLB3 genes of soybean, did not respond to NO donors at all but did respond to flooding, at a lower level than GmGLB1. These results suggest that flooding induces not only NO but also unknown factor(s) that induce GmGLB3 gene in soybean.     

Expression and signal regulation of the alternative oxidase genes under abiotic stresses

Plants in their natural environment frequently face various abiotic stresses, such as drought, high salinity, and chilling. Plant mitochondria contain an alternative oxidase （AOX）, which is encoded by a small family of nuclear genes. AOX genes have been shown to be highly responsive to abiotic stresses. Using transgenic plants with varying levels of AOX expression, it has been confirmed that AOX genes are im- portant for abiotic stress tolerance. Although the roles of AOX under abiotic stresses have been extensively studied and there are several excellent reviews on this topic, the differential expression patterns of the AOX gene family members and the signal regulation of AOX gene（s） under abiotic stresses have not been extensively summarized. Here, we review and discuss the current progress of these two important issues.     

Methods and concepts in quantifying resistance to drought, salt and freezing, abiotic stresses that affect plant water status

The abiotic stresses of drought, salinity and freezing are linked by the fact that they all decrease the availability of water to plant cells. This decreased availability of water is quantified as a decrease in water potential. Plants resist low water potential and related stresses by modifying water uptake and loss to avoid low water potential, accumulating solutes and modifying the properties of cell walls to avoid the dehydration induced by low water potential and using protective proteins and mechanisms to tolerate reduced water content by preventing or repairing cell damage. Salt stress also alters plant ion homeostasis, and under many conditions this may be the predominant factor affecting plant performance. Our emphasis is on experiments that quantify resistance to realistic and reproducible low water potential (drought), salt and freezing stresses while being suitable for genetic studies where a large number of lines must be analyzed. Detailed protocols for the use of polyethylene glycol-infused agar plates to impose low water potential stress, assay of salt tolerance based on root elongation, quantification of freezing tolerance and the use of electrolyte leakage experiments to quantify cellular damage induced by freezing and low water potential are also presented.