武陵山区药用蜈蚣资源考察

武陵山区的药用娱蚣是少棘蜈蚣,此种动物资源潜力很大,可供充分开发利用。本文报道了湖南常德、石门等9个县市药用蜈蚣的收购量和资源量,并对尚未精耕的非农业山区或林地的蜈蚣资源开发提出几点意见。该项资源开发与市场活动具有相关性,而且蜈蚣药的需求量不大是个值得注意的问题。文内介绍了我国蜈蚣资源的分布与鉴别药用蜈蚣的特征,以供药检工作参考。     

两种药用蜈蚣的简介

两种药用蜈蚣的简介张崇洲,王克勤（中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０）（湖北省中医药研究院中药研究所）关键词少棘蜈蚣,多棘蜈蚣,区别蜈蚣,迄今常用的多足动物名称,在最早记载它的《广雅》里写为“吴公”。蜈蚣作为一味动物药在我国最古老的药典《神农本草经...     

药用蜈蚣的生态习性与临床应用

生化分析显示,蜈蚣体内含有多种氨基酸、小分子肽、甾醇、脂肪酸等各类活性物质,这可能是医典所载其主治中风、破伤风、恶疮、肿瘤、癣、蛇咬等的药学基础。本文从古代、现代的中医药典籍、文献中总结了六个方面的临床应用,还较为系统全面地阐述了药用蜈蚣的栖息环境、行为与食性、繁殖与个体发育等方面的野外及人工环境下的生物学特性与生态行为表现,以资现代中医药建立医疗模式和药源基地参考。     

湖北省黑头蜈蚣一新种（唇足纲：蜈蚣目：蜈蚣科）

记述蜈蚣属一新种,黑头蜈蚣,头板和第１有足体节的背板通常呈暗绿色至暗褐色,最大体长约７５ｍｍ。两性的末对步足之前了粗壮,长约为宽的２倍,显然不同于日本内地的日本蜈蚣。     

墨江蜈蚣与少棘蜈蚣的比较研究：II.药效和毒理

本文比较了墨江蜈蚣与少棘蜈蚣的药效学和毒理学作用,实验包括抗惊厥试验、对致病性真菌和细菌体外生长的影响、急性毒性试验和染色体畸变实验等。结果两种蜈蚣的３％醋酸提取液对所试的真菌有抑制作用但无杀真菌作用,而对细菌无抑制作用。两种蜈蚣的毒性很低,在给小鼠５０ｇ／ｋｇ的剂量下都无法测出ＬＤ５０。在２０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ条件下的致突变率与未给药的突变率接近,表明两者都无遗传毒性。     

墨江蜈蚣与少棘蜈蚣的比较研究：I.化学组成

本文对墨江蜈蚣（Scolopendra mojiangica Zhang et Chi）与少棘蜈蚣（Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L.Koch）的水分、灼烧残渣、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、微量元素和挥发性脂肪酸的含量进行了系统的测定并比较了两者间的异同性。实验结果表明：墨江蜈蚣的蛋白质、灼烧残渣、水分的含量分别为67.2%、3.95%和3.59%,而少棘蜈蚣分别为68.8%、4.80%和3.65%,它们的含量基本相同。游离氨基酸、挥发性脂肪酸和微量元素的相对含量也很接近,但脂类和总糖的含量差异较大。     

药用蕨类植物化学成分研究进展

简要介绍药用蕨类植物化学成分研究现状以及部分化学成分的研究进展,并对以后的研究提出了一些建议,希望能够对进一步的研究提供帮助。     

墨江蜈蚣与少棘蜈蚣的比较研究──Ⅰ．化学组成

本文对墨江蜈蚣（ＳｃｏｌｏｐｅｎｄｒａｍｏｊａｎｇｉｃａＺｈａｎｇｅｔＣｈｉ）与少棘蜈蚣（ＳｃｏｔｏｐｅｎｄｒａｓｕｂｓｐｉｎｉｐｅｓｍｕｔｉｌａｎｓＬ．Ｋｏｃｈ）的水分、灼烧残渣、蛋白质、游离氨基酸、微量元素和挥发性脂肪酸的含量进行了系统的测定并比较了两者间的异同性。实验结果表明：墨江蜈蚣的蛋白质、灼烧残渣、水分的含量分别为６７．２％、３．９５％和３．５９％,而少棘蜈蚣分别为６８．８％、４．８０％和３．６５％,它们的含量基本相同。游离氨基酸、挥发性脂肪酸和微量元素的相对含量也很接近,但脂类和总糖的含量差异较大。     

蜈蚣衣科的中国地衣新记录

我们在进行新疆地衣分类的过程中, 采用微量化学结晶法(MCT), 薄层色谱法(TLC) 等方法检测地衣物质, 通过观察子囊盘结构和颜色和对地衣次生产物的分析, 并对采自于新疆昭苏卡音德、昭苏木扎特、察布查尔县所采集的蜈蚣衣科(Physciaceae) 400余号标本进行了整理及分类, 发现中国新记录地衣4 种(Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi, Ph decolor,Ph pusilloides, Physconia elegantula), 对此4种新记录地衣进行简要的描述。本文所引用标本均保存于新疆大学资源植物标本室。     

中国药用野菜资源的研究及开发

中国药用野菜资源的研究及开发严启新肖小河（云南中医学院,昆明６５００１１）（中国人民解放军第二军事医科大学药学院,上海２００４３３）野菜,是指森林蔬菜或山林蔬菜,包括某些森林植物的根、茎、果、花和菌类,是纯净的天然食物［１］。药用野菜泛指可供药用的野...     

The current knowledge on centipedes (Chilopoda) in Slovenia: faunistic and ecological records from a national database

In spite of Slovenia’s very high biodiversity, it has only a few animal groups that have been significantly investigated and are well known in this area. Slovenian researchers have studied only about half of the species known to be living in the country (Mršić 1997), but among well investigated species are centipedes. All available data about centipedes in Slovenia collected from 1921 to 2014 have been consolidated and constitute a general electronic database called “CHILOBIO”, which was created to provide an easy overview of the Slovenian centipede fauna and to allow entry and interpretation of new data collected in future research. The level of investigation has been studied with this database, in conjunction with a geographic information system (GIS). In the study period, 109 species were identified from 350 localities in 109 of the 236 UTM 10 × 10 km quadrants which cover the study area. The south-central part of the country has been the subject of the best investigations, whereas there is an absence of data from the south-eastern, eastern and north-eastern regions The highest number of species (52) has been recorded near the Iška valley (Central Slovenia, quadrant VL68). In 48% of the UTM quadrants investigated fewer than 10 species were recorded and just 5 species were found in one locality. Seventeen species were reported only in the Dinaric region, 4 in the Prealpine-subpannonian region and 7 in the Primorska-submediterranean region.     

准分子激光的医学应用

由于准分子激光对生物组织作用的独特机理─光化学分解作用,解决了许多临床治疗难题。近年来,难分子激光在激光医学中得到较广泛的应用。医用准分子激光种类主要有XeCl,308nm;ArF,193nm;KrF,248nm。本文介绍了准分子激光在医学中的几种典型应用。     

蜈蚣(Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L.Koch)毒的化学组成和生物活性

系统分析少棘蜈蚣粗毒的化学组成,蛋白质含量86.23％、水不溶物质0.24％、还原糖0.23％、水份2.1％,仅含Ser、Pro、Arg等三种游离氨基酸,鉴定了11种微量元素,碱性凝胶电泳显示20条蛋白质谱带。分析了10种酶的活性、出血毒性及对血小板聚集的影响,其中精氨酸酯酶活力最高,不存在类凝血酶、淀粉酶活性及出血毒性,蜈蚣毒的浓度为0.3μg/μL时强烈诱导血小板的聚集。     

An exotic species spreads through Europe: Tygarrup javanicus (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Mecistocephalidae) is reported from the Slovakia and the Czech Republic

Geophilomorph centipedes, due to their soil life style, are frequently transported with plants. This report tries to underline some adaptations that facilitate them being introduced and becoming alien species. Tygarrup javanicus (Attems, 1907), tropical species reported recently from different greenhouses in Central Europe, is used as an example of such a spreading species.     

蜈蚣碱性蛋白SSmp-d的分离纯化及其部分理化性质的鉴定

少棘巨蜈蚣（ＳｃｏｌｏｐｅｎｄｒａｓｕｂｓｐｉｎｉｐｅｓｍｕｔｉｌａｎｓＬ．Ｋｏｃｈ）经９５％乙醇脱脂后,再经４℃水冷渗,水提液低温旋转浓缩,冻干,得到的冻干粉先后经过ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－２５柱,等电聚焦制备电泳,再经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０柱,ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００柱,最后经ＨＰＬＣ制备得到一个纯的碱性蛋白,命名为ＳＳｍｐ－ｄ．该蛋白经ＨＰＬＣ、超薄等电聚焦电泳检验是均一的．采用ＨＰＬＣ和Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ－ＰａｋＴＭ１２５柱测定其分子量为２４．６４ｋＤ．ＩＥＦ－ＨＰＣＥ显示其等电点为９．２７．氨基酸分析表明ＳＳｍｐ－ｄ含较多的Ａｒｇ、Ｌｙｓ等碱性氨基酸,另外还含有较多的Ａｌａ、Ｌｅｕ．使用蛋白质自动序列分析仪测定了ＳＳｍｐ－ｄＮ端的１１个氨基酸,序列为ＮＨ３＋－Ａｓｐ－Ｖａｌ－Ａｓｎ－Ｐｈｅ－Ａｒｇ－Ｌｅｕ－Ｓｅｒ－Ｇｌｙ－Ａｌａ－Ａｓｐ－Ｐｒｏ．     

纳米银的抗菌机制及临床应用研究

纳米银因具备抗菌谱广、效果好、安全性高等特性,其医疗制品在临床治疗方面应用广泛。现普遍认为纳米银可通过释放银离子(Ag+)和诱导活性氧自由基的表达等方式达到杀菌目的,但其发挥抗菌作用的效果受到表面正电荷和粒子直径等因素影响。本文就纳米银的抗菌机制及临床实践应用进行综述,对现有的各种抗菌材料进行分类,重点探讨纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白假丝酵母菌和铜绿假单胞菌的杀菌和抑菌原理,以及其在抗菌过程中的影响因素,并阐述了纳米银及其复合材料在临床实践中的应用,以期为纳米银抗菌应用方面的后续研究提供一些参考。     

Influence of Organic Pesticides on Nematode Populations and Seed Production of Centipede Grass

Applications of ethyl 4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropylphosphoramidate, O,O-diethyl O-((p-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl) phosphorothioate, and O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyll phosphorotbioate effectively controlled Trichodorus christiei on centipede grass. Populations of Pratylenchus spp. and Xiphinema americanum were significantly reduced with a mixture of methanesulfonic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenyl ester and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. Ethyl 4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropylphosphoramidate and O,O-diethyl O-((p-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl phosphorothioate significantly suppressed populations of Pratylenchus spp., and the latter reduced populations of X. arnericanum. Ethyl 4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropylphosphoramidate and O,O-diethyl O-((p-methylsulfinyl) phenyl) phosphorothioate significantly reduced populations of Criconemoides ornatus. Increased seed production was correlated with nematode control.     

The fine structure of the midgut epithelium in a centipede,Scolopendra cingulata (Chilopoda,Scolopendridae), with the special emphasis on epithelial regeneration

Scolopendra cingulata has a tube-shaped digestive system that is divided into three distinct regions: fore-, mid- and hindgut. The midgut is lined with a pseudostratified columnar epithelium which is composed of digestive, secretory and regenerative cells. Hemocytes also appear between the digestive cells of the midgut epithelium. The ultrastructure of three types of epithelial cells and hemocytes of the midgut has been described with the special emphasis on the role of regenerative cells in the protection of midgut epithelium. The process of midgut epithelium regeneration proceeds due to the ability of regenerative cells to proliferate and differentiate according to a circadian rhythm. The regenerative cells serve as unipotent stem cells that divide in an asymmetric manner.Additionally, two types of hemocytes have been distinguished among midgut epithelial cells. They enter the midgut epithelium from the body cavity. Because of the fact that numerous microorganisms occur in the cytoplasm of midgut epithelial cells, we discuss the role of hemocytes in elimination of pathogens from the midgut epithelium. The studies were conducted with the use of transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescent methods.     

Fe3O4/ 生物可降解复合材料研究

磁性氧化铁纳米粒子因具有尺寸小、低毒性和超顺磁性等特点,已经引起了生物化工、医药工业领域的广泛关注。生物可降解高分子材料是生物医用高分子研究中最活跃的领域之一,已广泛用于外科手术缝合线,植入体材料及药物释放载体等。将Fe3O4和生物可降解高分子材料进行复合,可以扩大两者的应用范围,达到理想的治疗效果,并有望开创临床治疗的新时代。本文介绍了磁性四氧化三铁粒子的化学制备方法,包括共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法,并对各种方法的优缺点进行了比较;重点阐述了磁性壳聚糖,磁性聚乳酸,磁性PEG,磁性PCL复合材料的制备,及它们在酶的固定化、磁靶向药物及基因载体等医学领域的应用,显示了Fe3O4/生物可降解复合材料在医学领域的广阔应用前景;最后对复合材料走向临床应用所面临的问题及发展前景进行了讨论。