对“采集和测算空气中的尘埃粒子”探究活动的改进

按照教科书中的方法,进行“采集和测算空气中的尘埃粒子”的探究实验存在一些问题.作者针对这些问题,在教科书活动设计的基础上进行了专用载玻片、计数方法等改进.改进后的实验操作更有利于该探究活动在教学中的实施.     

花粉管中的微丝和微管

对花粉管中的微丝和微管研究的几个问题的进展进行了综述, 包括微丝和微管在花粉管中的分布;微丝和微管在花粉管胞质流动、细胞器运动以及花粉管生长中的作用等几个方面。并对今后这些方面研究的重要问题进行了论述。     

不同生长日龄罗汉果甙类成分变化研究

采集不同生长日龄的罗汉果 ,对果实中的甙类成分进行选择性提取 ,采用薄层色谱法对其甙类成分进行比较研究 ,初步找出了罗汉果甙类成分在生长过程中的积累规律 ,为罗汉果采收提供科学依据     

重金属在环颈雉不同组织中的分布规律

本文对采自太原工业区环颈雉不同组织中的铁、镍、镉、锌、铜、锰的含量进行了测定 ,并对以上元素在环颈雉不同组织中的分布规律进行了研究。结果表明 :镍和锌主要分布于骨骼组织中 ,铁在肺部含量较高 ,心脏中的铜含量较高 ,锰和镉主要分布于肾脏中 ,以上六种元素在肌肉组织中的含量都较低。     

临床护理技术与常见并发症的预防处理方式

护理技术是临床操作中的重要组成部分,在进行临床护理操作的过程当中,有可能出现并发症现象,因此,本文基于PICC置管常见并发症,对其临床中的预防和处理进行讨论。     

金龙消栓合剂中虫草菌粉的薄层色谱鉴别研究

采用薄层色谱法对金龙消栓合剂中的虫草粉进行定性鉴别。实验结果表明利用薄层色谱法鉴别样品中的虫草粉 ,斑点明显 ,重现性好 ,并能利用薄层扫描法对其进行定量分析。     

薄荷中迷迭香酸的分离提取及含量测定

本文对薄荷中的迷迭香酸进行了分离提取及含量测定研究。以水为溶剂,热回流浸提,采用硫酸亚铁比色法对薄荷中的迷迭香酸进行定性分析,用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定,得到薄荷中的迷迭香酸的含量为0．156％。该法准确度高,结果稳定。     

衣康酸修饰的化学蛋白质组学分析

衣康酸是近年来被发现的参与到病原体-宿主相互作用中的炎症调控代谢物。衣康酸由于其亲电性可以共价修饰蛋白质中的半胱氨酸，从而调控底物蛋白的功能并介导其在巨噬细胞中的抗炎活性。目前，科学家们利用化学蛋白质组学技术大规模地鉴定了巨噬细胞与病原菌中的衣康酸修饰蛋白及位点，揭示了衣康酸修饰在糖酵解、细胞死亡和炎性小体活化等过程中的重要调控作用。现就衣康酸修饰生物学功能及其化学蛋白质组学分析方法的研究进展进行综述，并对该领域的研究难点进行探讨和展望。     

高中生物学的“中心”说

对高中生物学教材中的中心知识进行了例释性的阐述,强调了中心知识在学生知识建构中的重要作用。     

家蚕微卫星DNA的研究进展

概述了分子标记技术,就其中的微卫星标记技术的原理、方法与特点进行了介绍,重点就该技术在家蚕中的研究进展进行了综述,并展望了该技术在家蚕的遗传分析、辅助选择育种等应用中的前景。     

《微生物工程》CAI课件的研制与教学实践

本文介绍了生物工程专业《微生物工程》课程CAI课件的设计、制作和应用效果评价。课件的设计力求课程知识体系完整、内容丰富、重点突出, 适当结合图片、动画和视频、音频效果的运用, 以达到激发学生的学习兴趣、提高教学效果的目的。重点介绍发酵参数检测与自动控制和发酵设备等课程核心内容。利用Powerpoint 软件进行课件制作, 利用Flash 4软件编制动画, 利用Adobe photoshop软件进行编辑扫描图, 并采用“课件大师”软件对已编好的章节进行统一管理。对2届学生的调查表明, 学生对此课件的满意度达到85%。     

Colour change ability and its effect on prey capture success in female Misumenoides formosipes crab spiders

1. Changing between white and yellow body colour in certain crab spider species has been interpreted as an adaptation for matching the background colour where they hunt and thereby remaining cryptic to prey and/or their own predators. The potential costs and benefits of colour change in female Misumenoides formosipes Walckenaer were investigated via assessment of prey opportunities and capture success, in conjunction with the tendency for and rate of colour change on different backgrounds. 2. It was tested whether being matched or mismatched to their background affected foraging by moving females between white and yellow inflorescences. Female colour was quantified in digital photos using the Lab colour space component of Adobe photoshop , providing the first empirical assessment of the rate of colour change for a crab spider species. 3. Insect visits (potential prey) on inflorescences with and without spiders and prey capture success with females matched and mismatched to their background were quantified. 4. Yellow females abandoned white inflorescences, whereas white females remained on and underwent colour change on yellow inflorescences. This difference supported the notion that the costs of colour change differ depending on the starting colour. Female departures from white flowers were apparently not due to a lack of insect visitation, as white inflorescences had higher visitation rates than did yellow inflorescences, even in the presence of spiders. 5. An increase in the prey capture success of females who transitioned from white to yellow body colour on a yellow background supported the hypothesis that colour matching functions to deceive prey.     

Experimental design methods for bioengineering applications

Experimental design is a form of process analysis in which certain factors are selected to obtain the desired responses of interest. It may also be used for the determination of the effects of various independent factors on a dependent factor. The bioengineering discipline includes many different areas of scientific interest, and each study area is affected and governed by many different factors. Briefly analyzing the important factors and selecting an experimental design for optimization are very effective tools for the design of any bioprocess under question. This review summarizes experimental design methods that can be used to investigate various factors relating to bioengineering processes. The experimental methods generally used in bioengineering are as follows: full factorial design, fractional factorial design, Plackett–Burman design, Taguchi design, Box–Behnken design and central composite design. These design methods are briefly introduced, and then the application of these design methods to study different bioengineering processes is analyzed.     

均匀设计和正交设计在黄芪活性成份提取中的应用比较

以黄芪为例,分别用均匀设计法和正交设计法考察黄芪提取工艺过程中的优选方法,分析讨论了这两种设计的特点,得出在多水平多因素的条件下,均匀设计更具有优势;并根据两种实验设计方法的特点,讨论了两种方法在中医药研究中联用的可行性．     

Teaching about Scientific Origins: Taking Account of Creationism

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for measuring experimental design ability based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during biological inquiry. More specifically, the researchers developed an experimental design task that measures experimental design ability. Using the developed experimental design task, they measured both the paper experimental design ability and the fMRI experimental design ability of subjects. Subjects’ paper experimental design ability was measured using the quotient equation of experimental design ability, and their fMRI experimental design ability using the brain connectivity coefficient. According to the fMRI results, differences in design ability existed among subjects in terms of brain connectivity coefficient level during the experimental design task. The experimental design ability brain connectivity coefficient level and quotient for each subject were analysed. Statistically significant correlations between subjects’ connectivity strength level among brain activation regions and quotient value guided the establishment of a measuring model. The model measured experimental design ability and could predict an individual’s experimental design ability quotient using his or her brain connectivity coefficient. Hence, the model developed for this study for measuring experimental design ability based on fMRI may serve as a practical measurement of students’ scientific experimental design ability. Furthermore, this study could serve as a founding theory for measuring models of other scientific processing abilities such as observation, question generation, classification, hypothesis generation and hypothesis evaluation.     

Sustainable design indicators: Roadway project as an example

Environmental sustainability has been more examined in the construction industry in recent years. But it is still difficult for engineering designers to incorporate sustainability into their work without practical methods. The design stage is key in the life cycle to integrating sustainability into construction projects. Assessment of sustainable design performance can be an initiative to pursue sustainability.This paper proposes the ratio of items considered/adopted and man-hour spending to measure project sustainable design performance. The two indicators were tested on six roadway projects to validate their applicability on engineering design.The results show that the ratios of items considered and adopted are from 34% to 87%, meaning the many suggested sustainability items can be incorporated into design. The man-hours spent on sustainability are from 2% to 12%, meaning sustainable design initially takes more time than conventional design.The engineering design itself does not cause environmental impact. But the proposed indicators can examine the effort devoted into sustainability in the design stage. This early step helps predict the future environmental performance of designed products.     

A unifying family of group sequential test designs

Currently, the design of group sequential clinical trials requires choosing among several distinct design categories, design scales, and strategies for determining stopping rules. This approach can limit the design selection process so that clinical issues are not fully addressed. This paper describes a family of designs that unifies previous approaches and allows continuous movement among the previous categories. This unified approach facilitates the process of tailoring the design to address important clinical issues. The unified family of designs is constructed from a generalization of a four-boundary group sequential design in which the shape and location of each boundary can be independently specified. Methods for implementing the design using error-spending functions are described. Examples illustrating the use of the design family are also presented.     

单形格子和单形重心设计统计模型的优化分析方法

单形格子和单形重心设计是两种非常实用的配方试验设计方法,但其统计模型的优化分析却很困难．本文通过对单形格子和单形重心设计基本原理的分析,根据数学规划理论,构建了专门对这两种试验设计的统计模型进行优化分析的方法,同时给出了应用实例．     

生态工程设计研究进展及特点——以黑龙江省肇东市玉米生态工程为例

生态工程设计是生态工程建设的核心。明确生态工程设计的特点,是进行良好的生态工程设计的根本。通过生态设计研究进展的综述,从１０个方面,以肇东市玉米生态工程设计为例,分析了生态工程设计的特点,并在此基础上,提出了今后进行生态工程设计应采取的策略。