受短期高温伤害的蓝藻固氮活性恢复过程中的去铵阻抑

在受短期高温伤害的蓝藻固氮活性恢复过程中,铵阻抑效应逐渐消失。温度愈高,去铵阻抑速率愈慢,温度过高,铵阻抑效应即不能消除。低光照度、光合抑制剂、氧和分子氮都延缓蓝藻固氮的去铵阻抑,外源蔗糖、氢、CO_2、CO_2 N_2和 H_2 O~2则对固氮的去铵阻抑速率有不同程度的促进。     

蓝藻Anabaena 7120光漂白细胞固氮的研究

蓝藻Anabaena 7120经光漂白后固氮活性明显下降,转入正常光照下又恢复活性。此种经光漂白的蓝藻细胞,其固氮活性对氧敏感度小,受分子氢的促进大些,而忍受CO_2和N_2抑制的浓度相对高些。其固氮活性为弱光和光合抑制剂减弱,而加入外源的碳水化合物则能提高它的固氮活性。当碳水化合物和光合抑制剂一起加入反应系统时,蓝藻光漂白细胞的固氮活性并不能受到促进。     

去除氯化钠胁迫后的蓝藻固氮去铵阻抑

蓝藻在去除NaCl胁迫后,其固氮活性可以恢复,几乎接近生长蓝藻的水平,铵阻抑效应也逐渐消失。光合受抑(弱光下和加抑制剂)或呼吸代谢受阻(厌氧下),以致能源供应受限以及有分子氯或氧的条件下,蓝藻固氮活性恢复和去铵阻抑速率减慢,而改善能源或还原剂供应、外源蔗糖、H_2、CO_2、CO_2+N_2和H_2+O_2等处理则对去铵阻抑有不同程度促进。     

不同P^H下蓝藻固氮的去铵阻抑及其与生理条件的关系

在不适宜于蓝藻生长的低pH(5.0)条件下,蓝藻固氮活性显著的低,其去铵阻抑也延迟。光照强度减弱,光合抑制剂(DNP)和厌氧条件(Ar中)都延缓蓝藻固氮活性的去铵阻抑。外源的碳水化合物(蔗糖)以及CO_2与N_2的加合则对蓝藻固氮活性的去铵阻抑有一定程度的促进。     

不同生理条件下外源蔗糖对蓝藻固氮去铵阻抑的影响

外源蔗糖促进蓝藻固氮和其去铵阻抑。空气氧下蔗糖的促进作用比厌氧(氩)中更显著,而且此种促进作用只有在光下才表现出来。暗中或添加光合抑制剂时蔗糖的促进作用消失。在有蔗糖的条件下,O_2,H_2和N_2 CO_2对蓝藻固氮和其去铵阻抑都没有良好作用,但H_2 O_2对其则有一定程度的促进。     

蓝藻Anabaena7120断裂丝状体的固氮作用

蓝藻Anabaena 7120经甲苯处理后,其固氮活性不仅下降,而且对氧也很敏感。处理前24小时(?)时供给CO_2和N_2,其固氮活性受到促进,促进程度比单供给CO_2的大。氢对其支持和氢对其受氧损伤时的保护作用、光合抑制剂和暗处理对其抑制程度均比未经甲苯处理的蓝藻大。外源碳水化合物对其固氮活性也有促进,但同时加抑制剂时,碳水化合物的良好效应消失。     

分子氢和氧对受高温胁迫蓝藻固氮活性的影响

Ａｎａｂａｅｎａ７１２０经高温处理后,固氮活性下降,对氧的敏感度增大,增大程度随氧浓度增高而递增。高温胁迫下,分子氢与对正常条件下生长的蓝藻一样可以削弱或消除氧对固氮的伤害,氢的此种行为在光照下和黑暗中表现相似,其良好作用比正常生长蓝藻显著,添加光合抑制剂。ＣＯ２或Ｎ２时亦如何。有外源蔗糖时,氢的良好作用不表现。经ＣＯ或Ｃ２Ｈ２处理的蓝藻,氢在其固氮活性受氧伤害时的良好作用消失。     

蓝藻(Anabaena 7120)的光合放氢和参与放氢的酶

蓝藻Anabaena 7120放氢是一个依赖于光的过程,暗中几乎测不出放氢活性。静置方式培养的蓝藻预先进行强化培养是测得高放氢活性的重要条件。年轻的蓝藻放氢活性比年老的高。氯化铵和一系列光合作用抑制剂对蓝藻放氢有抑制作用,弱光加剧氯化铵对放氢的抑制。在弱光加光合抑制剂的条件下,受氯化铵抑制的放氢活性恢复速度比强光下慢。CO_2、N_2、NaN_3和KNO_3与放氢竞争电子而抑制蓝藻的放氢。C_2H_2促进蓝藻放氢,CO则抑制放氢,C_2H_2和CO一起加入时,放氢受到的促进显著比单加C_2H_2的大。经分子氢预处理过的蓝藻,其放氢活性在光下可以得到明显的促进。     

外源脯氨酸对受NaCl胁迫的蓝藻固氮活性的影响

营养液中NaCl浓度提高后,蓝藻的固氮活性下降,NaCl浓度越高,下降越大。在正常的光强条件下,外源脯氨酸可在一定程度上削弱NaCl对固氮活性的胁迫,NaCl浓度大者受到脯氨酸的良好效应大一些。加入光合抑制剂,光强减弱,添加外源蔗糖、厌氧环境、氮(N_2)的供给、H_2和O_2以及CO_2和N_2的加合时,脯氨酸的效用减弱或消失。     

低温对氯化钠胁迫下蓝藻固氮活性的影响

低温加剧氯化钠对蓝藻固氮的抑制,营养液中氯化钠浓度增高时,抑制程度更甚.能源受限(暗处理和加抑制剂时的光合受抑,N_2和Ar的厌氧下呼吸代谢受阻)和氧下固氮酶受到伤害时,低温处理使氯化钠对蓝藻固氮的抑制进一步加剧.在能源和还原剂供应,合成固氨酶蛋白的物质基础(如CO_2和N_2的加合).光合作用正常进行的条件得到改善和保证,以及供应CO_2、外源蔗糖和氮氧加合时,低温加剧氯化钠对蓝藻固氮的抑制程度明显变小.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Scales of spatial patterns of distribution of intertidal invertebrates

Few comparative studies of spatial patterns at different scales have examined several species in the same habitat or the same species over a range of habitats. Therefore, variability in patterns among species or among habitats has seldom been documented. This study quantifies spatial patterns of a suite of intertidal snails and a species of barnacle using a range of statistical techniques. Variability in densities was quantified from the scale of adjacent quadrats (over a distance of centimeters) to tens of kilometers. Significant differences in abundances occurred primarily at two spatial scales. Small-scale differences were found at the scales of centimeters or 1–2 m and, for many species on many shores, these accounted for most of the variability in abundances from place to place. These are likely to be determined by behavioural responses to small-scale patches of microhabitat. Large-scale differences in abundance were also found in most species at the scale of hundreds of meters alongshore. These are likely to be due to variation in recruitment (and/or mortality) because of limited dispersal by adults of these species. There was little or no additional variation among shores, separated by tens of kilometers, than was shown among patches of shore separated by hundreds of meters. Identification of the scale(s) at which significant differences in abundance are found focus attention on the processes (and the scales at which these processes operate) that influence patterns of distribution and abundance. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of various procedures are discussed.