小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基基因片段的体外扩增

生物体尤其是高等动植物,绝大多数基因的拷贝数是很低的,如果没有基因扩增的手段,几乎无法研究基因的结构及其与表达的关系。当今分子生物学发展中最基本的技术之一基因克隆,实际上就是基因体内扩增(in vivo amplification)的技术。近年来发展了一种基因体外扩增(in vitro amplification)的新技术,又称     

小麦Glu-B3位点LMW-GS基因的克隆及序列分析

以小麦特殊遗传材料———六倍体普通小麦阿勃二体、1A缺体、1B缺体和1D缺体,四倍体硬粒小麦墨西粒卡以及二倍体节节麦的总基因组DNA为模板,对D Ovidio等曾报道的硬粒小麦Glu-B3位点LMW-GS基因特异引物对P1(5-′tcctgagaagtgcatgacatg-3′)和P2(5-′gtaggcaccaactccggtgc-3′)进行了PCR扩增验证.结果表明,该引物对同样能特异扩增普通小麦Glu-B3位点LMW-GS基因.利用这对引物通过AS-PCR方法克隆得到优良小麦品种小偃6号1B染色体1个LMW-GS基因片段.该基因全长为1 089 bp,包含了完整的编码区和其上游318 bp的胚乳特异表达启动子区.该基因被命名为XY-Glu-B3-LMW2(GenBank登录号为DQ630442).XY-Glu-B3-LMW2的推测蛋白含256个氨基酸(包括N-端20个氨基酸的信号肽),其成熟蛋白有8个保守的Cys残基,均分布在C-末端区.XY-Glu-B3-LMW2是从小偃6号克隆到的第2个LMW-GS基因.     

部分小麦育种材料低分子量谷蛋白亚基等位基因变异

改进小麦LMW-G S分离技术,利用改良一步单向连续梯度SDS-PAGE技术分析40份具有较好品质、产量特性的小麦育种亲本材料的LMW-G S类型和组成形式。结果表明:采用适当的方法提取谷蛋白亚基,在4.8%浓缩胶(pH 6.8,C=2.6%),12.0%~14.0%连续梯度分离胶浓度(pH 8.8,C=1.3%),电流35 mA,电泳330 m in后可以获得良好的LMW-G S分离效果。G lu-3位点出现11种变异类型、19种亚基组合形式。G lu-A 3位点出现G lu-A 3a、G lu-A 3b、G lu-A 3c、G lu-A 3d 4种类型,频率分别为40.0%、12.5%、10.0%、37.5%;G lu-B 3位点出现7种亚基类型,其中G lu-B 3d、G lu-B 3b、G lu-B 3 j为主要类型,频率分别为40.0%、20.0%、12.5%。亚基组合形式G lu-A 3a G lu-B 3d组合频率最高,频率为22.5%;9个亚基组合分别只在一个亲本出现,占分析材料总数22.5%。G lu-A 3位点的遗传变异指数为0.673 8,G lu-B 3位点的遗传变异指数为0.800 8,表明G lu-3位点遗传变异丰富。     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基及其基因的研究进展

主要介绍了小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW－GS）及其基因的研究进展情况,目前,转基因小麦的技术已经逐渐成熟,由于分子生物学领域分子标记技术的迅速发展,尤其是PCR技术的广泛应用,为实现外源优良储藏蛋白基因导入改良品种提供了可能,利用已知小麦品种的基因序列设计引物,从众多的未知小麦品种中扩增出新基因加以研究并做外源优质HMW－GS基因的转入已成为一种趋势。     

小麦新品种“川麦42”低分子量谷蛋白亚基新基因的分子克隆

采用PCR方法从小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）新品种“川麦42”中克隆得到一个低分子量谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）新基因,暂命名为LMWCM42-1。该基因编码区全长846 bp,编码281个氨基酸,具有LMW-GS基因的典型结构特征。推导氨基酸序列比较显示,尽管LMWCM42-1与已知LMW-GS高度相似,但在N-末端重复区部分重复单元和C-末端区中仍存在明显差异。聚类分析表明,LMWCM42-1可能是由Glu-D3位点编码的。     

部分小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析

利用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯胺凝胶电泳（SDS－PAGE）分析了85个小麦材料的高分子量谷蛋白亚基的构成,其结果表明：（1）目前生产中应用的优质小麦品种,大部分具有1A上的优质亚基1,1B上的14＋15／17＋18或1D上的5＋10,个别品种还同时聚合有1A,1B,1D上的优质亚基;（2）在所分析的28个八倍体小偃麦中,多数材料含有1,2^*和5＋10等优质亚基;（3）在本实验室创造的材料中,来源于中间偃麦草和普通小麦杂交的后代材料中大部分具有14＋15亚基。此外,个别种质材料还含有Payne亚基命名系统中未命名的一些稀有的高分子量谷蛋白亚基。     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基效应的比较研究

采用SDS-PAGE方法,通过对5个亲本间杂交获得的F2群体每一单株的F3籽粒样本及其亲本进行小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）组成分析,并对每一F2单株上F3籽粒群体的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成与其籽粒蛋白质含量、SDS-沉降值的关系进行研究,分析比较黄淮麦区出现频率较高的7个亚基或亚基对的品质效应。结果表明：小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成不同群体间籽粒的蛋白质含量和SDS-沉降值基本达到显著或极显著水平。优质亚基表现为：1、7＋8、14＋15和5＋10亚基。因此,黄淮麦区小麦育种应加强对这些优质亚基的引入和利用,特别是对14＋15和5＋10亚基的引入和利用。     

Molecular Characterization of a HMW Glutenin Subunit Allele Providing Evidence for Silencing of x-type Gene on Glu-B1

Understanding the molecular structure of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) may provide useful evidence for the study on the improvement of quality of cultivated wheat and the evolution of Glu-1 alleles. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) shows that the subunits encoded by Glu-B1 were null, named 1Bxm, in a Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides line PI94640. Primers based on the conserved regions in wheat HMW-GS gene promoter and coding sequences were used to amplify the genomic DNA of line PI94640. The PCR products were sequenced, and the total nucleotide sequence of 3 442 bp including upstream sequence of 1 070 bp was obtained. Compared with the reported gene sequences of Glu-1Bx alleles, the promoter region of the Glu-1Bxm showed close resemblance to 1Bx7. The Glu-1Bxm coding region differs from the other Glu-1Bx alleles for a deduced mature protein with only 212 residues, and a stop codon (TAA) at 637 bp downstream from the start codon was present, which was probably responsible for the silencing of x-type subunit genes at the Glu-B1 locus. Phylogenetic tree based on the nucleotide sequence alignment of HMW glutenin subunit genes showed that 1Bxm was the most ancient type of Glu-B1 alleles, suggesting that the evolution rates are different among Glu-1Bx genes. Further study on the contribution of the unique silenced Glu-B1 alleles to quality improvement was also discussed.     

乌拉尔图小麦(Triticum urartu)1Ay高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因编码区的克隆与鉴定(英文)

应用简并性引物和基因组PCR反应从乌拉尔图小麦(Triticum urartu)不同种质材料中获得并测定了表达型和沉默型1Ay高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因全长编码区的基因组DNA序列。表达型1Ay基因编码区的序列与前人已发表的y型高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因编码区的序列高度同源,由其推导的1Ay亚基的一级结构与已知的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基相似。在细菌细胞中,表达型1Ay基因编码区的克隆序列可经诱导而产生1Ay蛋白,该蛋白与种子中1Ay亚基在电泳迁移率和抗原性上类似,表明所克隆的序列真实地代表了表达型1Ay基因的全长编码区。但是,本研究所克隆的沉默型1Ay基因的编码区序列因含有3个提前终止子而不能翻译成完整的1Ay蛋白。讨论了表达型1Ay基因在小麦籽粒加工品质改良中的潜在利用价值以及1Ay基因沉默的机制。     

乌拉尔图小麦(Triticum urartu)1Ay高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因编码区的克隆与鉴定

应用简并性引物和基因组PCR反应从乌拉尔图小麦(Triticum urartu)不同种质材料中获得并测定了表达型和沉默型1Ay高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因全长编码区的基因组DNA序列.表达型1Ay基因编码区的序列与前人已发表的y型高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因编码区的序列高度同源,由其推导的1Ay亚基的一级结构与已知的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基相似.在细菌细胞中,表达型1Ay基因编码区的克隆序列可经诱导而产生1Ay蛋白,该蛋白与种子中1Ay亚基在电泳迁移率和抗原性上类似,表明所克隆的序列真实地代表了表达型1Ay基因的全长编码区.但是,本研究所克隆的沉默型1Av基因的编码区序列因含有3个提前终止子而不能翻译成完整的1Ay蛋白.讨论了表达型1Ay基因在小麦籽粒加工品质改良中的潜在利用价值以及lAy基因沉默的机制.     

Molecular Characterization of Two Silenced y-type Genes for Glu-B1 in Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanese and ssp. tibetanum

The high molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GSs） are a major class of common wheat storage proteins. The breadmaking quality of common wheat flour is influenced by the composition of HMW-GSs. In the present study, two unexpressed 1 By genes from Triticum aesitvum L.ssp.yunnanese AS332 and T. aesitvum ssp.tibetanurn AS908 were respectively cloned and characterized. The results indicated that both of the silenced 1By genes in AS332 and AS908 were 1Byg. In contrast to previously reported mechanisms for silenced genes lAx and lay, which was due to the insertion of transposon elements or the presence of premature stop codon via base substitution of C→T transition in trinucleotides CAA or CAG, the silence of 1By9 genes was caused by premature stop codons via the deletion of base A in trinucleotide CA.A, which lead to frameshift mutation and indirectly produced several premature stop codons （TAG） downstream of the coding sequence.     

Molecular Characterization of Two Silenced y-type Genes for Glu-B1 in Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanese and ssp. tibetanum

The high molecular weight glutenln subunits (HMW-GSs) are a major class of common wheat storage proteins. The bread-making quality of common wheat flour is influenced by the composition of HMW-GSs. In the present study, two unexpressed 1By genes from Triticum aesitvum L.ssp.yunnanese AS332 and T. aesitvum sep.tibetanum AS908 were respectively cloned and characterized. The results indicated that both of the silenced 1By genes in AS332 and AS908 were 1By9. in contrast to previously reported mechanisms for silenced genes 1Ax and 1Ay, which was due to the insertion of transposon elements or the presence of premature stop codon via base substitution of C→T transition in tdnucleotides CAA or CAG, the silence of 1By9 genes was caused by premature stop codons via the deletion of base A in tdnucleotide CAA, which lead to frameshift mutation and indirectly produced several premature stop codons (TAG) downstream of the coding sequence.     

小麦HMW-GS 12基因克隆及植物表达载体构建

目的:为了利用基因遗传转化改良小麦品质,采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术。方法:从小麦品种东农7742基因组DNA中扩增并克隆了小麦高分子量谷蛋白12亚基基因(HMW-GS 12)。结果:序列分析结果表明,该基因全长1 980bp,其核苷酸顺序和推导的氨基酸顺序与已发表的序列相比,同源性分别为99.5%和99.7%。经过基因拼接,分别构建了胚乳特异性表达和组成型表达的高分子量谷蛋白12亚基基因的两个植物表达载体pDNPPBIHG和pUbPBIHG。     

Cloning and Expression of Low Molecular Weight Glutenin Genes from the Chinese Elite Wheat Cultivar ＂Xiaoyan 54＂

The low molecular weight （LMW） glutenln subunlts account for 40% of wheat gluten protein content by mass and these proteins are considered to significantly affect dough quality characteristics. Five new full-length LMW glutenln genes （designated LMW-5, LMW-7, LMW-42, LMW-58, and LMW-34） were isolated from the Chinese elite wheat cultivar ＂Xlaoyan 54＂ by PCR amplification of genomlc DNA using a pair of degenerate primers designed from the conserved sequences of the N- and C-terminal regions of published LMW glutenln genes. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed that LMW-5 belongs to the LMW-i type genes and that the other four belong to LMW-m type genes. Sequence comparisons revealed that point mutations occasionally occurred in signal peptide and N-terminus domains and often existed in domain III and domain V. Small insertions and deletions are represented in the repetitive domain. There is a stop codon after amino acid position 110 In the repetitive domain of LMW.34, indicating that It is a pseudogene. The other four genes have complete open reading frames and the putative mature regions of these genes were subcloned Into pET-30a expression vector and successfully expressed in Escherlchla coll. Protein sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamlde gel electro- phoresls analysis showed that all proteins expressed in E. coil by the four genes could be related to B-group LMW glutenln subunits of wheat.