三氧化物多聚体在青少年恒牙根尖诱导成形术中的疗效评价

目的针对未成年人的恒牙根尖病变,采用无机三氧化物聚合体(MTA)根尖诱导成形术进行青少年恒牙牙根疾病的临床疗效评价。方法选择8~15岁患者128例。根管感染的根尖未发育完成年轻恒牙共146颗,随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组共66颗,应用MTA根尖诱导。对照组共80颗采用常规Ca(OH)2根尖诱导。患者治疗后每3个月复诊1次,随访1年进行疗效评价。结果随访1年,试验组术后总有效率为92.42%,对照组总有效率为47.50%,两组患者结果比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.37,P0.05)。结论在未成年人根尖诱导成形术中MTA对治疗年轻恒牙根尖尚未形成的患牙的效果优于常规诱导方法。     

恒牙牙根不同发育阶段牙髓中基质金属蛋白酶-8和I型胶原的表达

目的探讨Ⅰ型胶原及MMP-8在牙齿发育不同阶段的表达及作用。方法将人牙根不同发育阶段的牙髓分成三组,即牙根开始发育组、发育中组、根尖孔闭合组。采用SABC法对标本石蜡切片进行Ⅰ型胶原及MMP-8的免疫组化染色。结果Ⅰ型胶原与MMP-8均存在于牙髓中的成牙本质细胞、成纤维细胞、血管壁及细胞外基质中。牙根刚开始发育时染色最强,根尖孔闭合时染色最弱。Ⅰ型胶原与MMP-8的表达呈正相关关系。结论①牙本质和前期牙本质中Ⅰ型胶原主要是由成牙本质细胞分泌的,且随着牙齿发育,分泌胶原能力减弱;②MMP-8参与牙齿成熟过程;③MMP-8参与牙齿发育中Ⅰ型胶原的降解,有维持牙髓中胶原稳定的作用。     

RANKL在人乳牙根生理性吸收不同时期不同细胞的表达

目的：探讨核因子KB受体活化剂配体（receptor activator of the nuclear factor—κappa Bligand,RANKL）在人乳牙根消失不同时间段牙髓细胞内的表达及分化。方法：临床选取牙根生理早中晚期的乳牙各10颗,用原位杂交方法检测RANKL细胞因子在人的乳牙根消失的时候不同时期牙髓细胞内的mRNA表达情况。结果：牙髓细胞、成牙本质细胞RANKL原位杂交染色阳性,表达比对照组高（P〈0．05）。消失比较早的时候与消失中、晚的时候,比较各种细胞内RANKL表达差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而消失中间的时候和消失比较晚的各种细胞内的RANKL表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：RANKL参与了乳牙牙根的消失过程,牙髓细胞、成牙本质细胞可能促进了破骨细胞分化成熟。     

西酞普兰对慢性应激大鼠额叶皮质神经细胞bax mRNA、bcl-2 mRNA表达及凋亡的影响

目的:探讨西酞普兰对慢性应激大鼠的额叶皮质神经细胞bax、bcl-2 mRNA表达的影响。方法:取24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(不进行任何处理)、应激组(应激+生理盐水灌胃)、实验组(应激+西酞普兰灌胃),采用强迫游泳制造慢性应激模型(15 min/d,共4周),用原位杂交技术检测bax、bcl-2 mRNA表达情况,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,尼康图像分析(NIS DR)软件测量各指标阳性细胞数量。结果:应激组较对照组,大鼠额叶皮质bax mRNA阳性表达细胞明显增多(P0.01)、染色加深;bcl-2 mRNA阳性表达细胞明显减少(P0.01)且染色变浅,且TUNEL阳性细胞数量增多(P0.01),染色增强。而实验组较应激组大鼠,额叶皮质bax mRNA阳性表达细胞减少(P0.01)、染色变浅,bcl-2 mRNA阳性表达细胞明显增多(P0.05),染色加深,且TUNEL阳性细胞数量减少(P0.01),染色减弱。结论:大鼠额叶皮质神经细胞bax mRNA和bcl-2 mRNA的表达水平受到慢性应激的影响,导致细胞凋亡加剧,西酞普兰能够有效调控额叶皮质神经细胞bax和bcl-2 mRNA的表达水平,拮抗细胞凋亡,这可能是西酞普兰防治慢性应激引起的神经精神疾病的相关机制之一。     

人睾丸发生过程中TGF β1表达的研究

研究 TGFβ1 (转化生长因子β1 )在人胚胎睾丸发生过程中的表达。收集 30例 12 - 32周龄胎儿睾丸标本 ,免疫组织化学 ABC法染色 ,以正常羊血清代替一抗为阴性对照 ,TGFβ1 抗血清的工作浓度为 1:10 0 ,光镜观察。结果显示 TGFβ1 在人胚胎睾丸间质细胞呈阳性表达 ,曲细精管内精原细胞、支持细胞、管周肌样细胞未见阳性表达。TGFβ1 在 12周龄睾丸组织未见阳性表达 ,16周～ 32周均有阳性表达 ,在 16周时是表达的高峰 ,此后呈逐渐下降趋势 (P<0 .0 1)。由此结果表明TGFβ1 可能在人睾丸发生过程中有重要作用     

高浓度葡萄糖对小鼠囊胚Caspase-8表达的影响

目的:探讨高浓度葡萄糖对小鼠囊胚Caspase-8表达的影响.方法:通过促超排卵,获取妊娠3.5d小鼠囊胚,随机分成三组,即对照组(空白)、低糖组(葡萄糖浓度为7.5mmol/L)和高糖组(葡萄糖浓度为28.0mmol/L),分别培养在含0、7.5mmol/L和28.0mmol/L葡萄糖的M199培养基中,培养24h后,然后再吸出囊胚.每组随机吸取30个囊胚用免疫组织化学S-P法.检测不同浓度葡萄糖对小鼠囊胚Caspase-8表达状况,利用HPIAS-1000图像分析系统测定Caspase-8在以上三组中表达的平均光密度和平均阳性面积率.结果:Caspase-8表达结果:空白组中囊胚细胞胞浆中可见少量浅棕黄色颗粒,Caspase-8表达呈弱阳性.低糖组中囊胚细胞胞浆未见着色,Caspase-8表达呈阴性.高糖组囊胚细胞胞浆中可见较多的棕黄色颗粒,Caspase-8表达呈强阳性.空白组与低糖组囊胚Caspase-8表达的阳性面积率及平均光密度无显著性差异(P>0.05),高糖组与空白组和低糖组相比均存在显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:高浓度葡萄糖可诱导Caspase-8的过度表达,导致囊胚细胞数目过度减少,从而影响囊胚的正常发育和着床.     

Cathepsin D及Fas ligand在苦参碱诱导急性T淋巴母细胞白血病JM细胞株凋亡中的表达研究

为了检测苦参碱诱导JM细胞发生凋亡过程中Cathepsin D、Fas-L的表达情况,应用光镜及电镜观察加药及未加药组细胞形态学变化。免疫细胞化学染色观察Cathepsin D在细胞内的表达及定位。半定量PCR检测Cathepsin D mRNA在转录水平的变化并用Western Blot检测Cathepsin D、Fas-L蛋白表达。结果显示0．6mg/ml倒加药组细胞培养72h,出现凋亡形态学改变。免疫细胞化学染色Cathepsin D阳性信号主要位于呈凋亡形态学改变的胞浆和胞核内。其阳性细胞率在处理组明显高于对照组,处理组Cathepsin D的mRNA转录上调。处理组前体Cathepsin D(52kD)的条带亮度较对照组强,而切割后产物(32kD)亮度较对照组弱;Fas-L在处理组表达上调。提示：苦参碱诱导JM细胞的凋亡伴随Cathepsin D及Fas-L的表达改变。     

血管内皮生长因子蛋白在大鼠睾丸和附睾的表达和定位研究

为探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在雄性生殖系精子发生发育和成熟过程中的调控作用,应用免疫组化、Periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)染色及蛋白质免疫印迹技术,检测VEGF蛋白在成年大鼠睾丸和附睾的表达和定位情况。Western-blots显示,在大鼠睾丸和附睾内均有VEGF蛋白(约45kD)的表达;免疫组化显示,睾丸内VEGF见于圆形和长形精子细胞、Sertoli细胞和Leydig细胞,免疫阳性产物位于细胞质内。精子细胞的VEGF表达伴随精子细胞项体发育的全过程,精子残余体呈强阳性。附睾内VEGF表达于附睾管上皮,且有区域和细胞特异性。附睾起始段的所有上皮主细胞内都有VEGF阳性颗粒;头、体、尾各段的VEGF阳性细胞多数与含PAS阳性颗粒的细胞重合,证明为亮细胞;近端附睾的管腔内可见精子头部呈VEGF阳性染色。睾丸、附睾间质血管内皮为VEGF阴性。上述结果表明,VEGF蛋白可由生殖细胞和附睾管上皮细胞直接产生,它可能以自分泌和／或旁分泌的形式共同作用于睾丸和附睾的生殖细胞和血管内皮,直接或间接影响精子的发生、发育和成熟过程,特别是精子顶体的形成过程,并可能与精子在附睾内的成熟有关。     

血管内皮生长因子蛋白在大鼠睾丸和附睾的表达和定位研究

为探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在雄性生殖系精子发生发育和成熟过程中的调控作用,应用免疫组化、Periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)染色及蛋白质免疫印迹技术,检测VEGF蛋白在成年大鼠睾丸和附睾的表达和定位情况。Western-blots显示,在大鼠睾丸和附睾内均有VEGF蛋白(约45kD)的表达;免疫组化显示,睾丸内VEGF见于圆形和长形精子细胞、Sertoli细胞和Leydig细胞,免疫阳性产物位于细胞质内。精子细胞的VEGF表达伴随精子细胞顶体发育的全过程,精子残余体呈强阳性。附睾内VEGF表达于附睾管上皮,且有区域和细胞特异性。附睾起始段的所有上皮主细胞内都有VEGF阳性颗粒;头、体、尾各段的VEGF阳性细胞多数与含PAS阳性颗粒的细胞重合,证明为亮细胞;近端附睾的管腔内可见精子头部呈VEGF阳性染色。睾丸、附睾间质血管内皮为VEGF阴性。上述结果表明,VEGF蛋白可由生殖细胞和附睾管上皮细胞直接产生,它可能以自分泌和/或旁分泌的形式共同作用于睾丸和附睾的生殖细胞和血管内皮,直接或间接影响精子的发生、发育和成熟过程,特别是精子顶体的形成过程,并可能与精子在附睾内的成熟有关。     

Distinctive Genetic Activity Pattern of the Human Dental Pulp between Deciduous and Permanent Teeth

Human deciduous and permanent teeth exhibit different developmental processes, morphologies, histological characteristics and life cycles. In addition, their pulp tissues react differently to external stimuli, such as the pulp sensitivity test, dental trauma and pulp therapy materials. These suggest differences in gene expression and regulation, and in this study we compared gene-expression profiles of the human dental pulp from deciduous and permanent teeth. Pulp tissues from permanent premolars and deciduous molars aged 11–14 years were extirpated and mRNA was isolated for cDNA microarray analysis, and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Other teeth were used for immunohistochemical analysis (IHC). Microarray analysis identified 263 genes with a twofold or greater difference in expression level between the two types of pulp tissue, 43 and 220 of which were more abundant in deciduous and permanent pulp tissues, respectively. qPCR analysis was conducted for eight randomly selected genes, and the findings were consistent with the cDNA microarray results. IHC confirmed that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) was broadly expressed in deciduous dental pulp tissue, but minimally expressed in permanent dental pulp tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that calbindin 1 (CALB1), leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor beta 1 (GABRB1) were abundantly expressed in permanent predentin/odontoblasts, but only minimally expressed in deciduous dental pulp tissue. These results show that deciduous and permanent pulp tissues have different characteristics and gene expression, suggesting that they may have different functions and responses to therapies focused on pulp or dentin regeneration.     

Nouvelle méthode d’estimation de l’âge dentaire des Néandertaliens

Several authors have already observed the dyschronic growth between Neanderthals and modern Humans permanent teeth but they never quantified it. Dental maturation is the best and mostly used way to evaluate precisely the decease age of Neanderthals. We thus present here an extensive study realised with deciduous and immature permanent Neanderthals teeth, which lead us to propose a new mode! Of dental maturation allowing to estimate their age without using the classical modern populations dental growth tables. We propose two methods, one using two mathematical formulas, the other one using a new table, which permits to directly obtain the age of a Neanderthal from his deciduous and permanent teeth degree of maturation data.     

Nerve growth factor receptor-like immunoreactivity in primary and permanent canine tooth pulps of the cat

Summary The distribution of nerve growth factor receptor (NGF receptor)-like immunoreactivity in pulps of developing primary and mature permanent cat canine teeth was examined, by use of a monoclonal antibody against NGF receptor detected by fluorescence immunohistochemistry and pre-embedding immunocytochemical light- and electron microscopy. Both primary and permanent pulps contained a vast number of NGF receptor-like immunoreactive nerves. Immunolabelling appeared to be localized both to axons and Schwann cells. In addition, many blood vessel walls in immature primary tooth pulps showed NGF receptor-like immunoreactivity, in contrast to permanent pulps where blood vessels rarely were NGF receptor-immunoreactive. Double-labelling immunofluorescence experiments revealed that in the permanent pulp a majority of the NGF receptor-positive nerves also showed calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity, and many showed substance P-like immunoreactivity. However, nerve fibers with neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity lacked NGF receptor-like immunoreactivity. In developing primary tooth pulps fewer NGF receptor-positive nerves were CGRP-like immunoreactive or substance P-like immunoreactive, as compared to the permanent pulp. Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were not detected in the primary tooth pulp. The results suggest a role for nerve growth factor in both developing and mature sensory nerves of the tooth pulp.     

Lipid composition and characteristics of dental pulp ultrastructure at different stages of development

The phospholipid composition and ultrastructure of pulp are found to be qualitatively different at different stages of ontogenetic development (in the first and permanent dentition). An intensified functional load (with higher dental abrasion) prevents completion of the differentiation of cellular and noncellular elements of pulp even in permanent teeth.     

Clinical trials using dental stem cells: 2022 update

For nearly 20 years, dental stem cells(DSCs) have been successfully isolated from mature/immature teeth and surrounding tissue, including dental pulp of permanent teeth and exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligaments, dental follicles, and gingival and apical papilla. They have several properties(such as self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation, and immunomodulation) and exhibit enormous potential for clinical applications. To date, many clinical articles and clinical trials using DS...     

Apoptosis in developmental and repair-related human tooth remodeling: a view from the inside

Apoptosis is a key phenomenon in the regulation of the life span of odontoblasts, which are responsible for dentin matrix production of the teeth. The mechanism controlling odontoblasts loss in developing, normal, and injured human teeth is largely unknown. A possible correlation between apoptosis and dental pulp volume reduction was examined. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on intact 10 to 14 year-old premolars to follow dentin deposition and evaluate the total number of odontoblasts. Apoptosis in growing healthy teeth as well as in mature irritated human teeth was determined using a modified TUNEL technique and an anti-caspase-3 antibody. In intact growing teeth, the sequential rearrangement of odontoblasts into a multi-layer structure during tooth crown formation was correlated with an apoptotic wave that leads to the massive elimination of odontoblasts. These data suggest that apoptosis, coincident with dentin deposition changes, plays a role in tooth maturation and homeostasis. Massive apoptotic events were observed after dentin irritation. In carious and injured teeth, apoptosis was detected in cells surrounding the lesion sites, as well as in mono-nucleated cells nearby the injury. These results indicate that apoptosis is a part of the mechanism that regulate human dental pulp chamber remodeling during tooth development and pathology.     

Effects of cryopreservation with a newly-developed magnetic field programmed freezer on periodontal ligament cells and pulp tissues

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term cryopreservation on the isolated human periodontal ligament cells (PDL) and pulp tissues. In the first part of study, 10 freshly extracted teeth were selected and divided into two groups. In the cryopreserved group, the teeth were frozen for 5 years using a programmed freezer combined with a magnetic field, known as Cells Alive System “CAS”. As for the control group, freshly extracted teeth were used. In each group, extracted PDL tissues were cultured and gene expression and protein concentration of collagen type I, alkaline-phosphatase (ALP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was compared between the two groups. In the second part, pulp tissues were obtained from 10 mature and immature third molars which were freshly extracted or cryopreserved for three months. Expression of VEGF and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNAs and the protein concentration in the supernatant were investigated. Results indicated that long-term cryopreservation with the use of CAS freezer cannot affect the growth rate and characteristics of PDL cells. There was no significant difference in VEGF expression and VEGF and NGF protein concentration of pulp cells derived from cryopreserved teeth with immature apex and control group with mature root formation. Finally, proper PDL regeneration and appropriate apexogenesis after transplanting magnetically cryopreserved immature tooth was clinically confirmed. These findings demonstrate that teeth banking with the use of magnetic field programmed freezer can be available for future autotransplantation as a treatment modality for replacing missing teeth.     

Deciduous dental pulp stem cells are involved in osteoclastogenesis during physiologic root resorption

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells are derived from the dental pulps of permanent teeth and exfoliated deciduous teeth, and are known to induce bone and dentin generation. However, the role of deciduous dental pulp stem cells (DDPSCs) in physiologic root resorption remains unclear. In this study, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in permanent teeth (P) were retrieved and compared to DDPSCs from deciduous incisors at different root resorption stages: stable (S), middle (M), and final (F). Decalcified teeth sections showed that osteoclasts and resorption lacunae were most prevalent in the M resorption stage. DDPSC proliferation rate was also highest in the M stage. DDPSCs in the F stage produced more calcified nodules than those in the S or M stages. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression was highest in the F stage, indicating that DDPSCs promote mineralization. In addition, the ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression was significantly higher in the M stage, indicating that DDPSCs promote resorption. Dickkopf 1 (Dkk1) expression was remarkably higher in the F and P groups, suggesting that the Wnt pathway is inhibited during the resorption process. Interestingly, despite the fact that Wnt3a down‐regulated OPG in osteogenic induction medium and up‐regulated RANKL in medium with 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D3 (VD₃), the RANKL/OPG ratio was reduced only with VD₃. Collectively, our data indicate that DDPSCs influence osteoclastogenesis during the physiologic root resorption process, and that the canonical Wnt pathway can change the RANKL/OPG expression ratio in DDPSCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 207–215, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Reactivation of Delta–Notch Signaling after Injury: Complementary Expression Patterns of Ligand and Receptor in Dental Pulp

The evolutionarily conserved Notch-mediated intercellular signaling pathway is essential for proper embryonic development of many tissues and organs. Recent data suggest that Notch receptors and their membrane-bound ligands Delta and Serrate are involved in both patterning and cell fate determination during odontogenesis. It remains, however, uncertain if Notch signaling is important for tooth homeostasis and regeneration. Here we report on the expression of Notch receptors and the Delta1 ligand in dental pulp of normal and injured adult rat teeth. Notch receptors were absent from normal adult dental tissues, whereas expression was upregulated after injury. In injured teeth, Notch2 was expressed in mesenchymal cells of the pulp both close to the site of injury (i.e., in the dental crown) and at a distance from it (i.e., in the dental roots), Notch3 expression was mainly associated with vascular structures, while Notch1 expression was restricted to few pulpal cells close to the lesion. None of them was expressed in odontoblasts. Expression of Delta1 was upregulated in odontoblasts of the injured teeth, as well as in vascular structures. These results demonstrate the reactivation of the Notch signaling pathway during wound healing and, furthermore, highlight the similarity between developmental and regenerative processes.