衰老大鼠的某些脑区多胺水平分析

着重探讨某些脑区非胍基多胺 (腐胺 ,精脒 ,精胺等 )与衰老关系 ,结果表明人工致衰老组和自然衰老组大鼠的纹状体、下丘脑、皮层以及小脑等脑区多胺水平较正常对照组均明显降低     

衰老对大鼠脑区氨基酸水平的影响

本文测定了正常青龄组（３月龄）和老龄组（２０月龄）大鼠不同脑区（皮层、小脑海马、纹状体和下丘脑）谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸、ｒ－氨基丁酸和牛磺酸的含量。结果表明：在衰老过程中大鼠某些脑区谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸和牛磺酸水平显著降低;而纹状体γ－氨基丁酸含量则显著升高。     

大鼠不同脑区突触体钙水平的年龄差异

本实验使用荧光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２与Ｔｂ~（３＋）,检测了不同年龄组大鼠的不同脑区（海马、皮层、间脑、小脑）突触体内游离钙与膜结合钙水平。结果显示,与青年对照组相比,老年大鼠大部分脑区（海马、皮层、间脑）突触体内游离钙水平显著增高,尤其是海马突触体内游离钙增高极为显著;其突触体膜结合钙水平表现为：海马、小脑两脑区明显升高,而皮层、间脑两脑区明显下降,呈现一种全脑范围内的钙水平失衡。提示动物的衰老与其脑内钙自体平衡失调有关。     

青年和老年小鼠脑糖原及其代谢的差异

目的:比较青年小鼠和老年小鼠不同脑区糖原及其代谢的差异,为后续相关研究奠定基础。方法:分别取雄性C57BL/6J青年小鼠(8周龄)和老年小鼠(18月龄)皮层、海马、纹状体三个脑区脑组织,通过糖原定量试剂盒检测糖原含量,通过Western Blot检测糖原代谢相关酶(包括糖原合成、糖原分解、葡萄糖转运、乳酸转运相关酶类)的表达水平。结果:与青年小鼠相比,老年小鼠皮层、纹状体糖原含量明显上升,但海马的糖原含量无明显变化。在糖原合成代谢的关键酶中,糖原合成酶在老年小鼠皮层、纹状体的表达水平明显升高,而海马区则无明显差异;糖原分支酶在老年小鼠皮层的表达水平有所下降,在海马和纹状体则无明显变化。在糖原分解代谢的关键酶中,老年小鼠的糖原磷酸化酶在皮层、海马和纹状体均明显升高,而糖原脱支酶在上述脑区则无明显变化。葡萄糖转运体1的表达水平在老年小鼠与青年小鼠各脑区无显著差异。在单羧酸转运体中,老年小鼠单羧酸转运体1在各脑区均明显上升,单羧酸转运体4在皮层明显升高,其余脑区则无明显差异。结论:老年小鼠脑内糖原含量总体上较青年小鼠高,老年小鼠脑糖原代谢通路相关酶的表达与青年小鼠存在明显差异,且不同脑区之间存在异质性。     

NDRG2与GFAP在不同脑区星形胶质细胞的表达与分布

目的:观察NDRG2(N-myc下游调节基因2)与GFAP(胶质纤维酸性蛋白)在不同脑区星形胶质细胞的表达与分布。方法:利用免疫荧光NDRG2与GFAP双标技术以及Western Blot技术观察皮层、海马及纹状体等不同脑区星形胶质细胞NDRG2和GFAP的表达与分布。结果:免疫荧光结果显示NDRG2阳性细胞广泛而均匀地分布于不同脑区,并与GFAP存在较好的共定位;NDRG2与GFAP标记的星形胶质细胞形态不尽相同。Western Blot结果显示NDRG2在皮层中表达比海马和纹状体多,而GFAP在海马中表达比皮层和纹状体多。结论:NDRG2广泛表达于不同脑区星形胶质细胞,并于GFAP存在较好的共定位。     

宽频噪音对谷氨酸中毒损伤AD模型大鼠不同脑区NMDAR1(ζ1)、NMDAR2A(ε1)亚基表达的影响

目的:观察AD大鼠模型颞叶和额叶在98 dB宽频噪音暴露5 min后不同脑区NMDAR1(ζ1)、NMDAR2A(ε1) 表达的影响.方法: 采用Western Blot及 RT-PCR技术,结合ABR测定方法.结果:①AD模型组大鼠、空白对照组大鼠在98 dB宽频噪音暴露5 min后额叶、颞区、海马及小脑NMDAR1(ζ1)亚基表达无明显差异,但AD模型组表达明显弱于空白对照组;②生理盐水组加噪音后NMDAR1(ζ1)亚基小脑表达最强,颞叶最弱; NMDAR2A(ε1)表达最强为颞叶,海马最弱.③在海马三组大鼠NMDAR1(ζ1) 、NMDAR2A(ε 1)亚基表达有较明显的下调趋势;④空白对照组大鼠NMDAR1(ζ1)、NMDAR2A(ε1)亚基mRNA表达各区无差异.⑤AD模型组大鼠颞叶、海马NMDAR2A(ε1) 表达明显减弱 ,最弱为小脑,额叶次之.结论:噪音刺激抑制AD大鼠模型海马NMDAR1(ζ1)亚基表达,且不在mRNA水平.噪音刺激抑制AD模型大鼠颞叶、海马NMDAR2A(ε1) 亚基表达,且有部位差异,在mRNA水平已调节.     

逍遥散对慢性束缚应激模型大鼠相关脑区CRF基因表达的影响

目的:观察慢性束缚应激大鼠相关脑区CRF mRNA(下丘脑、垂体、海马、皮层)含量变化以及逍遥散对其影响.方法:用RT-PCR和图像分析方法测定相关脑区CRF mRNA含量变化.结果:应激组较正常对照组在下丘脑CRF-1基因表达下调(P<0.01).在下丘脑逍遥散组较应激组CRF-1基因表达显著下调(P<0.01),CRF-2基因表达显著上调(P<0.01);在海马区逍遥散组CRF-2基因表达较模型组上调(P<0.05);在皮层逍遥散组CRF-1基因表达较应激组则显著上调(P<0.01).结论:逍遥散组对慢性束缚应激中枢神经肽CRF的调节位点在下丘脑、垂体、海马和皮层,充分证实逍遥散的调节靶点与下丘脑、边缘系统及皮层中枢有关.     

不同甲状腺功能状态对成年大鼠中枢5—HT1A受体密度的影响

用三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)和丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU)灌胃分别制成大鼠的甲状腺机能亢进症(简称甲亢)和甲状腺机能低下症(简称甲低)模型。灌药后甲亢组心率、氧耗量、肛温以及血浆T_3浓度较对照组显著增高;在甲低组则均降低。氚标8-羟基-2-(二正丙氨基)-四氢化萘([~3H]8-OH-DPAT)的受体结合实验显示甲亢组海马的5-HT_(1A)受体结合数较对照组显著增加,皮层减低,下丘脑、脑干和纹状体无显著变化。Scatchard分析示甲文组[~3H]8-OH-DPAT在海马中的最大结合容量(B_(max))增加,皮层减低,K_D无变化。甲低组在上述脑区均未见显著变化。上述5-HT_(1A)受体的变化是否与甲亢并发精神神经障碍的机制有关,尚待进一步研究。     

成瘾性药物对大鼠脑内G蛋白耦联受体激酶5 mRNA和蛋白水平的调控

G蛋白耦联受体激酶5(GRK5)在G蛋白耦联受体信号转导中起重要调节作用。本文研究了单次给予成瘾性药物吗啡、海洛因和可卡因对大鼠脑内GRK5mRNA水平的调控作用,并选取吗啡为代表,观察单次或多次给予吗啡后大鼠脑内GRK5蛋白含量的变化。结果发现：(1)单次给予吗啡(10mg／kg)、海洛因(1mg／kg)或可卡因(15mg／kg)均可引起大鼠大脑顶叶皮层、颞叶皮层和海马的GRK5 mRNA水平显著上升;(2)单次或多次给予吗啡注射可以显著上调大鼠大脑皮层GRK5蛋白含量,而多次给予吗啡显著下调丘脑GRK5含量。我们的结果首次证明成瘾性药物对大脑皮层、海马等脑区的GRK5在mRNA水平和蛋白水平都有调控作用,提示GRK5可能在精神活性物质的成瘾中起作用。     

切断海马伞对大鼠硬性脑挫伤后运动行为恢复的影响

硬性挫伤运动皮层诱发大鼠偏瘫及其随后的行为代偿是研究中枢神经可塑性的一个理想模型。本工作观察了切断海马伞对脑挫伤后行为恢复的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比,(1)切断海马伞—穹隆通路明显延缓了大鼠运动平衡能力的恢复;(2)切断海马伞—穹隆通路后,银杏类黄酮(FGb)失去了促进脑挫伤后运动平衡能力恢复的作用;(3)原位杂交显示,脑损伤后海马DG(齿状回)和CA3区中生长相关蛋白(GAP—43)mRNA的水平明显提高;(4)FGb促进脑损伤后海马DG和CA3区中的GAP—43mRNA水平的上调。这些信息提示,海马参与脑硬性挫伤后的运动代偿,FGb促进脑损伤后的运动行为的恢复可能与海马相关[动物学报49(2)：211-217,2003]。     

Postnatal Development of Cholecystokinin-Like Immunoreactivity and Its mRNA Level in Rat Brain Regions

Developmental changes of preprocholecystokinin mRNA (CCK mRNA) and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) were examined in rat brain regions (frontal cortex, colliculi, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum) using RNA dot blot assays with cholecystokinin (CCK) cDNA and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The CCK-LI levels in all regions examined were very low at birth. Excluding the cerebellum, the levels in these regions increased postnatally and reached adult values at 28 days of age. In contrast to CCK-LI, CCK mRNA levels changed dramatically during development. A considerable amount of CCK mRNA was detected in the frontal cortex and hippocampus at birth. The changes in the level of CCK mRNA in the frontal cortex and colliculi paralleled those of CCK-LI, including a rapid increase from 7 to 14 days of age. The synthesis of CCK mRNA preceded the appearance of CCK-LI. CCK mRNA levels in the hippocampus and striatum exhibited a transient increase, with a peak at 14 days of age. In the adult brain, the CCK mRNA levels were high in the frontal cortex, moderate in the hippocampus and colliculi, and low in the striatum. The cerebellum contained only a negligible amount of CCK mRNA during development. The relatively high level of CCK-LI compared with the low level of CCK mRNA in the striatum supports the idea that most of the striatal CCK-LI is supplied from extrastriatal regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

花粉制剂对脑衰老动物各脑区的SOD和NO水平的影响

采用 D-半乳糖建立脑衰老动物模型 ,观察服用花粉制剂前后对脑衰老模型动物不同脑区组织中超氧化物歧化酶 ( SOD)活性、一氧化氮 ( NO)水平的影响。结果表明花粉制剂能明显升高脑衰老动物某些脑区 SOD活性和降低脑衰老动物某些脑区 NO水平。研究结果提示花粉制剂具有延缓衰老和增强记忆力等作用 ,其机制可能与其促进自由基的清除及减少 NO释放有关。     

Brain Regional Distribution of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase, Choline Acetyltransferase, and Acetylcholinesterase in the Rat: Effects of Chronic Manganese Chloride Administration after Two Years

Abstract: Rats were treated chronically with manganese chloride from conception onward for a period of over 2 years in order to study the effects of manganese and aging on the activities of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in hypothalamus, cerebellum, pons and medulla, striatum, midbrain, and cerebral cortex (which included the hippocampus). Manganese-treated 2-month-old and 24- to 28-month-old rats and age-matched controls were studied. In control rats during aging the activities of GAD decreased in hypothalamus (19%), pons and medulla (28%), and midbrain (22%) whereas the activities of AChE decreased in all regions (20–48%), particularly in the striatum (44–48%). Changes in ChAT activities in aging were observed only in one region—a decrease (23%) in the striatum. Life-long treatment with manganese appeared to abolish partially the decreases in aging in AChE activities in hypothalamus, cerebellum and striatum, and striatal ChAT activity. Manganese treatment also seemed to abolish the age-related decreases in GAD activities, since GAD activities in various brain regions of manganese-treated senescent rats were not significantly different from those of control young rats. These results are discussed in relation to other metabolic changes associated with aging and manganese toxicity.     

Age-dependent changes of nucleic acid labeling in different rat brain regions

The effects of aging on in vivo DNA and RNA labeling and on RNA content in various brain regions of 4-, 12-, and 24-month-old rats were investigated. No difference in [methyl-¹⁴C]thymidine incorporation into DNA of cerebral cortex and cerebelllum during aging was observed.The ratio of RNA/DNA content significantly decreased from 4 to 24 months of age in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and striatum. RNA labeling decreased by 15% in cerebral cortex of 24-month-old animals while in the other brain areas examined (cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, brainstem, striatum) did not change during aging.In the cerebral cortex, the ratio of the specific radioactivity of microsomal RNA to that of nuclear RNA, determined by in vivo experiments, was not affected by the aging process. A significant decrease of total, poly(A)+ RNA and poly(A)- RNA content was observed in the same brain area of 24-month-old rats compared to 4-month-old ones. Moreover, densitometric and radioactivity patterns obtained by gel electrophoresis of labeled RNA after in vitro experiments (tissue slices of cerebral cortex) showed a different ribosomal RNA processing during aging. In vivo chronic treatment with CDP-choline was able to increase RNA labeling in corpus striatum of 24-month-old animals.     

蜂花粉抗脑衰老的实验动物研究

蜂花粉抗脑衰老的实验动物研究蒋滢,杨炳华,黄美英苏州医学院生化教研室苏州２１５００７２探索衰老机制,寻求延缓衰老的有效途径是生命科学中的重大问题,也是亟待解决的实际问题。脑是指挥全身一切活动的中枢,脑组织特别容易遭受自由基及活性氧的损伤,因此防治脑衰...     

Assay of 2-Hydroxyputrescine in Various Regions of Rat Brain by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

2-Hydroxyputrescine in seven regions of single rat brains was measured with a sensitive, specific assay by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The regions were the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, striatum, hippocampus, and midbrain. The level of 2-hydroxyputrescine was very high in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, high in the medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, and hippocampus, and low in the striatum and midbrain. The level of 2-hydroxyputrescine in the cerebellum was significantly higher than in the striatum and midbrain.     

The detection of age-, gender-, and region-specific changes in mouse brain tocopherol levels via the application of different validated HPLC methods

The aging process clearly increases the demand for antioxidant protection, especially in the brain, involving that provided by α-tocopherol (αT). However, little is known about the age-related changes in brain αT levels and the influencing effect of gender on it, in human or murine samples as well. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to detect age-, gender- and region-specific changes in αT concentrations in mouse brain tissue and to assess the influencing effect of plasma αT levels on it. Female and male C57BL/6 mice at the ages of 6, 16 and 66 weeks (n?=?9 in each group) were applied. αT levels were determined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from the striatum, cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem and from plasma samples. A detailed validation process was carried out for the applied HPLC method as well. The results demonstrated that brain αT levels significantly increased in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus with aging in both genders, but in a more pronounced way in females with an increasing magnitude of this difference. In case of the cerebellum, a moderate elevation could be detected only in females, whereas in case of the brainstem there was no significant change in αT level. With regard to plasma samples, no clear trend could be identified. The current study is the first to present age-dependent gender-specific changes in αT level in certain brain regions of the C57Bl/6 mouse strain, and may provide meaningful information for future therapeutic studies targeting aging-related processes.