Carotenoids in representatives of the cladoniaceae

The carotenoids characteristic of lichen species of the subgenera Cladina and Cladonia are β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein epoxide     

Identification of fatty acids from Cladonia lichens

Fatty acids of eight lichen species belonging to the genus Cladonia were examined by GC-MS. Twenty-two saturated, 23 monoene, five diene, nine triene and eight tetra-, penta- and hexaene fatty acids were identified. Unusually for lichens, very long-chain fatty acids, 25:1, 26:0, 26:1, 26:3, 28:0, 28:1, and 30:1 were detected.     

Defensive compound concentration in boreal lichens in response to simulated nitrogen deposition

Nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to increase in northwestern Europe the next 50–100 years. The effects of higher N availability on lichens will presumably depend on their capacity to acquire carbon (C), that is, of the timing and duration of the wet and active state. If lichens respond like plants, their C and N status may affect their concentration of carbon-based secondary compounds (CBSCs), and thus their defence against herbivores, detrimental radiation, pathogens and parasites. In the present study we have manipulated N availability and timing and duration of the metabolically active state by spraying lichen transplants in an old spruce forest with rainwater or rainwater with added N corresponding to 50 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The spraying was applied either at night, in the morning or at noon to also investigate the effect of timing and duration of the active state. Concentrations of N, chlorophyll a (Chl a ) and CBSCs were measured before and after one summer's spraying of 10 thalli in each of four different lichen species; Alectoria sarmentosa, Lobaria scrobiculata, Platismatia glauca , and Xanthoria aureola . The added N was readily taken up by all the lichen species. A. sarmentosa, P. glauca , and X. aureola increased their Chl a concentration in response to increased N, while L. scrobiculata increased Chl a in response to increased active time. None of the studied species reduced their concentration of secondary compounds during the experimental period, but in P. glauca the concentration of all compounds were significantly lower in N-treated thalli compared with those that got only rainwater. The results are consistent with a high degree of constitutive defence in three of four species, and we conclude that all the investigated lichens seem to have rather robust chemical defence systems despite considerable manipulation of the environmental conditions.     

中国产丝齿菌属的研究小记

对中国产丝齿菌属Hyphodontia的种类进行了研究,并记录了30个种。其中弯孢产丝齿菌Hyphodontia curvispora是中国的新记录种,热带产丝齿菌Hyphodontia tropica是首次在中国大陆的报道。根据作者的采集标本对这两个种进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图,同时还给出了中国产丝齿菌属30个种的检索表。     

中国产丝齿菌属的研究小记

对中国产丝齿菌属Hyphodontia的种类进行了研究,并记录了30个种。其中弯孢产丝齿菌Hyphodontia curvispora是中国的新记录种,热带产丝齿菌Hyphodontia tropica是首次在中国大陆的报道。根据作者的采集标本对这两个种进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图,同时还给出了中国产丝齿菌属30个种的检索表。     

A world monograph of the lichen genus Gyalectidium (Gomphillaceae)

Seventeen new species of Gyalectidium have been discovered in various parts of the world, and those unexpected findings formed the starting point for a survey of the taxonomy and ecogeography of the genus. The following species are described as new in this paper: G. areolatum Ferraro & Lucking (Neotropics), G. atrosquamulatum Lucking & Kalb (Kenya), G . australe Lücking (Australia), G. conchiferum Lücking& Wirth (Chile), G. den-ticulatum Lücking (Costa Rica), G. fantasticum Ferraro & Lücking (Neotropics), G. flabellatum Sérus. (Australasia), G. fuscum Lücking & Sérus. (Africa and Papua New Guinea), G. gahavisukanum Sérus. (Papua New Guinea), G. kenyanum Lücking & Kalb (Kenya). G. laciniatum Lücking (Costa Rica), G. maracae Lücking (Neotropics), G. membranaceum Sérus. & Lücking (Canary Islands), G. minus Sérus (Canary Islands and southern Italy), G. novoguineense Sérus. (Australasia), G. puntilloi Sérus. (south-west Europe), and G. verruculosum Sérus. (Australasia). Calenia microcarpa Vzda [Syn.: Bullatina microcarpa (Vda) Brusse] is included in Gyalectidium as G. microcarpum (Vzda) Lücking, Sérus. & Vzda comb, nov., and G. catenulatum (Cavalc. & A. A. Silva) Ferraro, Lücking & Sérus. is treated as a species different from G. ftlicinum . Gyalectidium corticola Henssen is transferred to Calenia as Calenia corticola (Henssen) Ferraro, Lücking & Sérus. comb. nov. A key to all 29 accepted species of Gyalectidium is provided. The infrageneric phylogeny is constructed by means of a phenotype-based cladistic analysis, and the systematic affinities of the genus are discussed, accompanied by notes on the distribution and ecology of the species. Apothecia are not yet known in several species, including new ones.     

A new species of Porina from the Andaman Islands,India

A new species of foliicolous lichens, Porina andamanensis, from the Andaman Islands, India, is described and illustrated.     

A new species of Porina from the Andaman Islands, India

A new species of foliicolous lichens, Porina andamanensis , from the Andaman Islands, India, is described and illustrated.     

纤维单胞菌属放线菌的研究进展

纤维单胞菌属(Cellulomonas)的一些菌株能够产生多种纤维素酶,在纤维素降解方面显示出明显优势。1923年Bergey等以产黄纤维单胞菌为模式菌建立了纤维单胞菌属。1991年Stackebrand和Prauser又以纤维单胞菌属为模式属建立了纤维单胞菌科(Cellulomonadaceae)。目前,纤维单胞菌属包含有从多种环境中分离培养得到的26个有效描述种。纤维单胞菌属菌株在分类学上的典型特征是:细胞壁的肽聚糖成分主要含有Orn和Glu/Asp,以MK-9(H4)为主要的甲基萘醌,主要的脂肪酸成分为anteiso-C15:0和C16:0,极性脂成分主要包括双磷脂酰甘油(DPG)和磷脂酰肌醇甘露糖甙(PIM)。基因组DNA的G+C含量为(68.5–76.0)mol%。最近,本实验室分离到2株纤维单胞菌,应用多相分类研究手段确定了他们的分类学地位。本文将结合我们的研究,对纤维单胞菌属的建立、分类学特征及其在生态和酶资源应用方面进行综述。     

Impacts of short-term nitrogen addition on the thallus nitrogen and phosphorus balance of the dominant epiphytic lichens in the Shennongjia mountains,China

Aims To better understand whether and how nitrogen addition impacts the epiphytic lichens in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve (China).     

小月菌属放线菌的研究进展

小月菌属(Microlunatus)菌株在治理磷元素造成的环境污染方面呈现优势,具有广阔的研究与开发前景。1995年Nakamura等以积磷小月菌(Microlunatus phosphovorus)为模式种建立了小月菌属。目前,该属包含7个有效描述种,分离自多种生态环境。小月菌属在分类学上的典型特征是:细胞壁含有LL-二氨基庚二酸,优势甲基萘醌成分为MK-9(H_4),磷酸类脂主要包括双磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰甘油。本文结合我们对新近分离得到的2株小月菌属菌株的分类研究结果和相关文献资料,就小月菌属的建立、分类学特征、属内各成员的分布、及其在化工和医药业上的应用研究进展和开发前景进行了综述。     

拟孢囊菌属放线菌的研究进展

拟孢囊菌属(Kibdelosporangium)是一个经典的丝状放线菌类群。自Shearer等于1986年建立该属以来,不断有新的菌株从不同生境中被纯培养分离得到,目前已有效发表8个种、2个亚种。拟孢囊菌属作为稀有放线菌属,是获得新型抗生素类次生代谢产物的重要资源。本文结合我们分离到的一株该属菌株的功能研究、基因组分析和相关文献资料,系统综述了拟孢囊菌属放线菌的建立、分类学特征、属内种的分布、活性次级代谢产物的发现以及其他功能应用和开发前景,以期为该属其他新分离菌株的分类鉴定、新颖次级代谢产物的发现、功能基因资源的挖掘与开发提供借鉴。     

中国鸡皮衣属地衣新记录种

报道了采自云南鸡皮衣属地衣的两个中国新记录种,即瘤疣鸡皮衣和撕裂鸡皮衣,在形态学、解剖学和化学方面对它们进行了描述,此外,还提供了其形态特征照片。本研究中所用的标本保存于山东师范大学植物标本室(SDNU)和中国科学院微生物研究所地衣标本馆。     

伦茨菌属放线菌的研究进展

伦茨菌属(Lentzea)由Yassin等于1995年建立,是一个经典的丝状稀有放线菌类群,目前共包含23个有效描述种。伦茨菌的细胞壁含有meso-二氨基庚二酸,优势甲基萘醌成分为MK-9(H_4),磷酸类脂主要包括磷脂酰乙醇胺、双磷脂酸甘油、磷脂酰甘油和磷脂酰肌醇,基因组DNA的(G+C)含量为68.6mol%–79.6mol%。伦茨菌代谢产物具有显著的生物活性多样性,包括I型人体免疫缺损病毒整合酶的抑制活性、抗肿瘤活性、抗结核活性等,在生物医药研究领域逐步显示出潜在的应用价值。本课题组在研究贵州石灰岩风化壳放线菌多样性时分离获得若干株伦茨菌,采用多相分类方法研究Lentzea xinjiangensis DHS C013~T和Lentzea pudingi DHS C021~T两株菌的分类学地位,证实均为伦茨菌属的新物种。在此研究基础上,引用有关文献和最新研究成果,对伦茨菌属的建立、分类学特征、生态位和物种分布、功能基因组、天然活性产物应用开发等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

Phylogenetic reassessment of the Teloschistaceae (lichen-forming Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes)

The Teloschistaceae is a widespread family with considerable morphological and ecological heterogeneity across genera and species groups. In order to provide a comprehensive molecular phylogeny for this family, phylogenetic analyses were carried out on sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS region obtained from 114 individuals that represent virtually all main lineages of Teloschistaceae. Our study confirmed the polyphyly of Caloplaca, Fulgensia and Xanthoria, and revealed that Teloschistes is probably non-monophyletic. We also confirm here that species traditionally included in Caloplaca subgenus Gasparrinia do not form a monophyletic entity. Caloplaca aurantia, C. carphinea and C. saxicola s. str. groups were recovered as monophyletic. The subgenera Caloplaca and Pyrenodesmia were also polyphyletic. In the subgenus Caloplaca, the traditionally recognized C. cerina group was recovered as monophyletic. Because this study is based solely on ITS, to maximize taxon sampling, the inclusion of phylogenetic signal from ambiguously aligned regions in MP (recoded INAASE and arc characters) resulted in the most highly supported phylogenetic reconstruction, compared with Bayesian inference restricted to alignable sites.     

盐土生古菌属（Haloterrigena）分类研究进展

盐土生古菌属(Haloterrigena)是一类生长在含有1.7～5.5 mol/L NaCl、17～60℃温度范围内的极端嗜盐古菌。自该属1999年被建立以来,目前已有10个种被有效发表。但是在基于16S rRNA或rpoB'基因的系统进化树上,盐土生古菌属物种常与碱线菌属(Natrinema)和嗜盐碱红菌属(Natronorubrum)的成员交叉聚类在一起;而且盐土生古菌属内各成员间的特征也不尽相同,如多数盐土生古菌属菌株生长pH范围6.0～9.0,最适pH 7.0～7.5,然而大庆盐土生古菌(Haloterrigena daqingensis)为该属的唯一嗜碱成员,生长pH在8.0～10.5,最适为pH 10.0;在化学分类特征方面,该属的多数菌株含有糖脂类型为双硫化二糖基二醚(disulfated diglycosyl diether,S2-DGD-1),然而伊斯帕尼亚盐土生古菌(Haloterrigena hispanica)菌株FP1含有S-DGD硫酸化二糖基二醚(sulfated diglycosyl diether)。鉴于该属存在的这些特殊特征,以及与碱线菌属和嗜盐碱红菌属在系统进化上的特殊关系,结合前期发表的该属的新种和相关文献资料,系统综述了盐土生古菌属的建立、分类学特征、生态分布、基因组信息等方面的研究进展,以期为盐土生古菌属已知种分类地位的确定、该属其他新分离菌株的分类鉴定、功能基因资源的挖掘与开发提供借鉴。     

寡养单胞菌属细菌的研究进展

寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)囊括了一类革兰氏阴性好氧菌类群,在自然界中的分布呈现生境多样化。目前的16个有效描述种的成员中,既有从临床病人体内分离得到的条件致病菌,也有从植物根际、污水污泥等环境中分离得到的环境有益菌。部分菌株在调节植物生长、辅助生物修复、合成工业酶以及抵抗多重耐药病原体等农业、工业、医药领域,表现出良好的应用研发前景,受到国内外学者的广泛关注。对寡养单胞菌属的建立及分类学特征进行了概述,也从寡养单胞菌属菌株作为病原菌对人类带来的危害,以及作为有益菌在农业、工业、医药等领域的应用前景进行了综述。     

Abscisic acid in lichens: variation, water relations and metabolism

For the first time the well known drought stress hormone abscisic acid, which is involved in regulating processes increasing desiccation tolerance in many plant systems, was analysed in lichens. ABA was detected in all 26 species investigated. In contrast to higher plants and liverworts, the ABA content increased after hydration of air dry lichen thalli and decreased in desiccating lichen material. Experiments with Baeomyces rufus (Huds.) Rebent indicated that the mycobiont might be the major site of ABA biosynthesis. After incubation of hydrated lichen thalli with radioactive ABA for up to 72 h no metabolism to phaseic acid and dihydrophaseic acid could be detected. Fluctuations of internal ABA might be a result of ABA release to the external medium.