空肠弯曲菌基因组序列及相关致病基因的研究

空肠弯曲菌是1种微需氧的革兰阴性鞭毛螺旋菌,其NCTC11168基因组序列分析显示为1个超变量序列.该菌基因组序列的高变异,尤其是编码膜表面抗原性蛋白的基因序列的高变异可能与其逃逸宿主免疫系统的清除和感染后引起不同疾病有关.结合空肠弯曲菌感染后常见临床表现,本文从基因组水平对该菌趋化性、运动性、黏附力、侵袭力和定植力,以及细胞毒素产生与其感染后诱发格林-巴利综合征等致病作用进行综述.     

空肠弯曲菌CRISPR/Cas系统的研究进展

多数细菌都存在发挥免疫防御机制作用的CRISPR/Cas系统,在不同种属间呈现多态性。空肠弯曲菌是全球范围内重要的食源性病原菌,所致疾病也是典型的自限性疾病,其复杂的致病机制并未得到明确的解析,而空肠弯曲菌CRISPR/Cas系统的结构呈现多态性,研究两者关系仍存在诸多限制。本文从CRISPR/Cas系统在空肠弯曲菌中的结构、机制及技术应用等方面的研究进展进行综述,为探索空肠弯曲菌致病机制提供新思路。     

实验猴主要细菌性感染疾病的病理特点分析

目的通过对实验猴细菌性感染疾病脏器病理改变的观察和分析,完善实验猴病理检测资料,为实验动物病理检测标准的制定提供依据。方法选取86例实验猴按5种必检细菌性感染疾病（沙门菌病;志贺菌病;结核杆菌病;小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌病;空肠弯曲菌病）病原种类分组,对脏器标本进行病理剖检,HE染色观察记录病变,建立实验猴必检细菌性疾病病理检测资料。结果病理检测结果显示：沙门菌病表现为伤寒肉芽肿,结核杆菌病表现为结核肉芽肿,小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌病表现为纵行溃疡、急性炎及化脓性肉芽肿;志贺菌病、空肠弯曲菌病表现为急性炎和表浅溃疡。结论感染5种必检细菌的实验猴分别表现出不同的病理变化,病理检测对疾病的分析诊断有重要价值,检测结果补充了实验猴细菌性疾病病理检测资料,为制定实验动物病理检测指南提供了相关依据。     

肾综合征出血热实验动物模型的研究和应用

建立肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疾病动物模型是进一步深入研究其发病机理、药物筛选、疫苗制备、临床治疗的迫切需要。最早用于肾综合征出血热病毒(HFRSV)分离和实验研究的动物是非疫区黑线姬鼠,以后相继发现实验饲养的一些动物对HFRSV亦很敏感。目前有二种动物模型:一种为感染动物模型,供分离和培养病毒及感染试验用;另一种为致病模型,主要用于发病机理,疫苗制备及实验治疗等方面的研究。细胞培养分离病毒成功之后,大大简化了病毒的培养和扩增,然而体外细胞感染不可能代替完整的动物机体对病毒感染的反应性。因此建立一个     

马尔尼菲篮状菌感染动物模型的研究进展

马尔尼菲篮状菌Talaromyces marneffei是一种温度双相性致病真菌,原名马尔尼菲青霉Penicillium marneffei。马尔尼菲篮状菌病是由马尔尼菲篮状菌感染引起的一种严重的深部真菌病,主要流行于东南亚地区,在我国主要以南方地区多见,该病与HIV/AIDS的流行有高度相关性。近年来,随着艾滋病发病率的上升,马尔尼菲篮状菌病的发病率呈逐年上升趋势。该病发病隐匿,病死率高,但致病机制尚不明确。动物模型能够为疾病的发病机理和临床治疗等研究提供充分有力的证据,本文综述了马尔尼菲篮状菌感染动物模型的研究进展,对几种新型的动物模型进行了探讨。     

综述与专论: 树鼩病毒感染模型的研究新进展

病毒感染引起的疾病接近中国主要传染病发病率的一半,也是传染病致死的主要病因。建立与人类亲缘关系较近、方便有效的感染人类病毒的动物模型,对了解病毒的生物学特性、感染致病机理及制定有效防控措施具有重要意义。树鼩作为灵长类动物的近亲,与人类在生理生化、基因组学等方面的相似性远高于大鼠、小鼠等常用啮齿类实验动物,并具有个体小、便于实验操作、饲养成本低、能感染多种人类病毒等特点,作为动物模型在病毒感染性疾病研究中突显优势和潜能。本文从地区分布、进化、生物学特性等方面,阐述了树鼩作为动物模型应用于病毒感染性疾病研究的优势,包括在乙型肝炎病毒、甲型肝炎病毒,及其他病毒感染疾病研究中的进展。     

空肠弯曲菌表面结构的研究及意义

<正> 空肠弯曲菌是一类重要的腹泻病原菌,为了阐明其致病机理、免疫机理及分类等方面的问题,许多研究者对其表面结构,包括膜蛋白成分、鞭毛蛋白、脂多糖等进行了广泛地研究,本文特就近年的研究状况作一综述。     

基于全基因组序列的弯曲菌特征分析

空肠弯曲菌(Campylobacter jejuni)和结肠弯曲菌(Campylobacter coli)是引起人类腹泻的主要致病菌。传统生化方法在鉴定弯曲菌时存在步骤多、耗时长、通量低等问题。本研究通过利用生物信息学方法对弯曲菌全基因组进行序列、基因注释、耐药基因、多位点序列分型以及CRISPR-Cas系统等分析,挖掘能够有效区分空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌的高分辨力特征。实验结果表明,空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌在基因组序列长度、GC含量、基因数量、多位点序列分型以及CRISPR-Cas系统等方面存在显著差异。同时,研究还发现了一段在空肠弯曲菌基因组中广泛存在的高分辨力CRISPR重复序列。这些特征可用于构建能够准确鉴别空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌的生物信息学方法。     

丙型肝炎病毒感染实验动物模型的研究进展

丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染是导致人类慢性病毒性肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌的最主要病因之一。由于缺乏合适的HCV感染实验动物模型,使得针对HCV感染更为有效的疗法及疫苗的研发滞后。黑猩猩是HCV感染研究的最佳实验动物,但由于其来源有限、价格昂贵及临床症状等诸多问题,其应用受限,因此发展新的实验动物模型用于HCV感染相关的基础和应用研究迫在眉睫。近年来,以啮齿类等动物为替代模型取得了不少进展,应用转基因等实验技术使替代动物感染了HCV,并成功应用于多个学科领域的研究。本文分析了HCV自然感染的实验动物、自然感染和非自然感染的替代实验动物在致病机制研究、药物评价和疫苗研发应用中的优缺点及未来研究趋势。     

类鼻疽病动物模型的研究进展

类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia pseudomallei,类鼻疽菌)是一种革兰阴性短杆菌,现被美国疾病预防控制中心提升为I类致病菌严加防范。类鼻疽菌直接从环境感染人类和多种动物,且抗生素耐药严重,一旦引起败血症会有很高的死亡率。为了更好地指导类鼻疽病的临床治疗和研究类鼻疽菌的致病机制,建立类鼻疽病动物模型是必不可少的环节。笔者对现有的类鼻疽病动物模型从易感动物、感染途径、动物品系和模型评价几个方面进行总结阐述。     

Campylobacteriosis--a "new" disease in laboratory animals

Campylobacter fetus ss jejuni is now recognized as a leading cause of diarrhea in humans. With the development of proper culture techniques, C jejuni has been isolated from humans with diarrhea as frequently as Salmonella or Shigella species. Laboratory animal models are being developed to study the pathogenesis of campylobacter-induced diarrhea; also, identification of C jejuni is occurring more frequently in a variety of laboratory animals, whether asymptomatic carriers or those with clinical diarrhea. Animals shedding C jejuni also have been incriminated as a source of campylobacter diarrhea in humans.     

Development of an ex vivo organ culture model using human gastro-intestinal tissue and Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni is an important food-borne pathogen. However, relatively little is understood regarding its pathogenesis, and research is hampered by the lack of a suitable model. Recently, a number of groups have developed assays to study the pathogenic mechanisms of C. jejuni using cell culture models. Here, we report the development of an ex vivo organ culture model, allowing for the maintenance of intestinal mucosal tissue, to permit more complex host-bacterium interactions to be studied. Ex vivo organ culture highlights the propensity for C. jejuni to adhere to mucosal tissue via the flagellum, either as discrete colonies or as multicellular units.     

Campylobacter flagella: not just for motility

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are among the major causes of diarrheal disease worldwide. The motility imparted by the polar flagella of these pathogens is required for colonization of the mucus lining of the gastrointestinal tract. However, recent studies have revealed a more complex role for flagella in Campylobacter pathogenesis that includes the ability to secrete non-flagellar proteins that modulate virulence and the co-regulation of secreted and non-secreted virulence factors with the flagella regulon. Campylobacter flagellins are heavily glycosylated and changes in glycan composition affect autoagglutination and microcolony formation on intestinal epithelial cells; these traits are associated with disease in an animal model. Here, these recent advances in our understanding of the multifaceted role of flagella in Campylobacter virulence are summarized.     

空肠弯曲菌的磁捕获_-荧光PCR检测方法的建立

为提高畜禽类食品中空肠弯曲菌的检出率和灵敏度,应用抗血清和磁性微珠首次制备弯曲菌免疫磁珠,利用弯曲菌免疫磁珠直接捕获检样中目的菌,不需要增菌培养;通过荧光PCR检测鞭毛蛋白A(flaA)基因和/或马尿酸酶(hipO)基因,首次建立空肠弯曲菌的磁捕获-荧光聚合酶链反应(IMC-FPCR)方法.IMC-FPCR法检测空肠弯曲菌方法简便易行,可在24h内完成,特异性好,检测低限达到10cfu/mL,抗干扰性强.IMC-FPCR方法可望解决非可培养状态的空肠弯曲菌检测难题,是一种适用于检验检疫、卫生防疫和农产品安全检验等领域的快速方法.     

Deciphering Campylobacter jejuni cell surface interactions from the genome sequence

The completion of the Campylobacter jejuni genome sequence is a landmark in Campylobacter research. Discoveries directly arising from these data include the identification of a capsular polysaccharide, extensive capacity for phase variable gene expression and lipo-oligosaccharide structural phase variation. The recent identification of a unique system of general protein glycosylation in C. jejuni, a C. jejuni protein that is translocated into eukaryotic cells, and plasmid-encoded components of a putative type IV secretion system are likely to be significant in terms of the host-pathogen interaction.     

Campylobacter jejuni--microtubule-dependent invasion

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness worldwide and a major cause of Guillain-Barré paralysis. Recent molecular and cellular studies of one well-characterized C. jejuni strain have begun to unravel the details of an unusual microtubule-dependent (actin-filament-independent) gut-invasion mechanism, through which at least some C. jejuni initiate disease. Although responsible for causing a human dysenteric syndrome remarkably similar to that triggered by Shigella spp., current evidence suggests that C. jejuni use some markedly different molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis compared with shigellae.     

Determination of toxicity of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from humans and from poultry carcasses acquired at various stages of production

AIM: The research focused on the determination of the toxicity variation associated with Campylobacter jejuni isolated from humans and chickens. METHODS AND RESULTS: Campylobacter jejuni isolates were obtained from chicken carcasses and from humans exhibiting symptoms of campylobacteriosis. Using HeLa cells as the in vitro model, toxicity was determined for each isolate. The mean toxicity level of the chicken isolates was significantly lower than that of the human isolates (P < 0.001). There was a wide range of toxicity in C. jejuni isolated from chickens and the percentage of isolates exhibiting low toxicity remaining relatively constant. All C. jejuni isolates from humans possessed either medium or high levels of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: All wildtype C. jejuni isolates obtained from poultry carcasses may not be equally important as a human foodborne pathogen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: Campylobacter jejuni remains a primary foodborne pathogen and increased efforts are needed to determine the impact of wildtype isolates in causing human illness. The present research indicates that all isolates may not be equally important in regards to disease potential. The information found should be included in efforts to develop C. jejuni detection, control and infection modelling.     

Chronic effects of Campylobacter infection

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis and chronic sequelae, such as reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), are known to follow uncomplicated infections. While little is known about reactive arthritis following Campylobacter infection, our knowledge on the pathogenesis of Campylobacter-induced GBS is expanding rapidly and is summarized in this review.     

Campylobacter jejuni infection within a laboratory animal production unit

A conventional laboratory animal production unit in which rats, mice, guineapigs and rabbits were bred in one building and cats maintained in a separate, but adjacent area was examined for the presence of intestinal thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from 18.84% of 552 animals. The infection rate was highest amongst the cats (51.7%), with rats being the second most commonly infected (23.2%), whereas only 7.7% of guineapigs and a single rabbit (1%) were positive. Campylobacter-like organisms were cultured from 10% of the mice, but these bacteria failed to grow on subsequent subculturing. By using bacterial restriction endonuclease DNA analysis (BRENDA), a single type of C. jejuni was identified from all isolates recovered from the rats, guineapigs and a rabbit, suggesting a common source of infection. In contrast, there were 5 different BRENDA patterns derived from cat isolates. No isolates of C. jejuni were obtained from humans working within the unit or from animal bedding or the immediate environment, although it was suggested that the organism may have entered and spread within the unit from sawdust.