转OsMAPK4基因烟草的抗旱性研究与遗传分析

以低温处理的水稻辽盐241植株叶片总RNA为模板, 用OsMAPK4基因特异引物通过RT-PCR扩增出OsMAPK4基因, 构建了由E12启动子调控的OsMAPK4基因植物表达载体pBME12。通过农杆菌介导法将OsMAPK4基因导入烟草, 筛选获得25株转基因植株。抗旱性研究结果表明, OsMAPK4基因的超量表达提高了T1代转基因植株的抗旱性。卡那霉素抗性在T1代转基因植株中的分离情况表明, 大多数转基因株系符合单基因遗传规律。     

杨树NL-80106转Bt基因植株的获得及抗虫性

通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导将苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)毒蛋白基因Bt转入杨树NL-80106(美洲黑杨×小叶杨,Populus deltoides×Populus simonii),获得了再生植株.PCR及PCR-Southernblotting的分析结果表明,Bt基因已整合到基因组中.部分转基因植株的杀虫实验表明,转基因植株B45和B64对一龄舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar Linn.)幼虫有明显抗性,饲喂转基因杨树叶片的幼虫死亡率显著高于未转基因的对照植株.     

转BmK IT4基因烟草的抗虫性

The BmK IT4 gene was obtained from pBS-BmK IT4 by EcoRⅠ/KpnⅠdigestion and it was then cloned into pE3 intermediate vector. The resulting plasmid was named pE3-BmK IT4. The chimeric gene was transferred into the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genome via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Forty-five regenerated kanamycin resistant plants were obtained, two individual lines showed strong toxicity to Manduca sexta (Linnaeus), Heliothis armigera (Hübner) and Leguminivora glycinivorella (Matsumura) by feeding experiments. Results from Southern blot indicated that BmK IT4 gene was transferred into tobacco genome. The mortality of M．sexta, H．armigera and L．glycinivorella larvae fed on transgenic plants was 95%-97%, 63%-70% and 65%-73%, respectively, and the growth of the surviving insects was remarkably retarded.     

表达昆虫特异性神经毒素AaIT基因的转基因烟草的抗虫性

经改造的昆虫特异性神经毒素AaIT基因插入植物高效表达载体得到重组质粒pNGY-2。重组质粒中AaIT基因5＇端与烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的Ω序列3＇端融合,受两个串联的35S启动子控制,通过土壤农杆菌LBA4404介导转化烟草NC89,经NPTⅡ选择后再经GUS染色挑选出阳性再生植株,Southern blotting进一步证实了AaIT基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,对棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)的抗虫实验表明,转基因烟草有显著的抗虫活性。     

导入蜘蛛杀虫肽基因的烟草具有抗虫性

用带有杀虫肽基因的农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｕｍ ｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）ＬＢＡ４４０４ 转化烟草（Ｎｉｃｏｔｉａｎａ ｔａｂａｃｕｍ ）叶片,共获得３０ 株抗卡那霉素的再生植株． 用这些再生植株对棉铃虫（Ｈｅｌｉｏｔｈｉｓａｒｍ ｉｇｅｒａ）进行毒力测定,有３ 株转杀虫肽基因植株对棉铃虫有较强抗性． 与对照相比,这３ 株转基因烟草的杀虫率可达３０％～４５％ ,并能显著抑制昆虫蜕皮和生长发育,表现出明显的抗虫作用． 以这３ 株为主进行了ＰＣＲ 扩增及Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ实验,结果表明杀虫肽基因已插入到这３ 株植株的基因组中并表达出有活性的杀虫肽     

转popW基因烟草的构建及相关表型分析

PopW是克隆于青枯劳尔氏菌Ralstonia solanacearum ZJ3721中的一种新的编码harpin蛋白的基因,原核表达的PopW蛋白能够诱导烟草对TMV的抗性、促进烟草生长、提高烟草品质。将popW基因连接到植物表达载体pBI121上,构建成重组转基因载体pB-popW,通过冻融法转化根癌土壤杆菌EHA105,获得阳性转化子。再采用叶盘法转化三生烟Nicotiana tobacum cv.Xanthi nc.,经卡那霉素抗性筛选、PCR检测、RT-PCR分析获得21个株系的T3代阳性植株。PCR及RT-PCR检测结果表明popW基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,并在转录水平正常表达。GUS染色进一步证明popW基因在翻译水平上进行了表达,且不同株系之间表达存在差异。对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的抗病性测定结果表明,转基因烟草对TMV的抗病性增强,防效最高达54.25%。转基因烟草在生长上也具有一定优势,生长15 d的根长最高为野生型的1.7倍,移栽后60 d的株高、鲜重、干重最高分别为野生型烟草的1.4、1.7和1.8倍。     

转双抗虫基因烟草的研究

用改造的雪花莲凝集素基因GNAmm与合成的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)毒蛋白cry1Ac基因构建了带有双价基因的植物表达载体,在该表达载体中这两个基因的转录分别受笋瓜PP2启动子(SPP2P)和CaMV 35S启动子的调控。通过根癌土壤杆菌介导转化法,获得了一批抗卡那霉素的转化再生烟草植株。PCR检测及基因组DNA Southern blot\,Slot blot杂交分析的结果表明Gna基因和Bt基因已整合到烟草总DNA中。用Bt毒蛋白抗血清进行Western blot分析,转基因植株均有Bt杀虫蛋白的不同程度的表达。对转化再生烟草的虫试结果表明,在所受试的19株烟草中60%的植株上的棉铃虫在5天内死亡率达到100%,而且存活幼虫的生长发育受到明显抑制;蚜虫抑制生长试验表明,多数转化再生植株具有较强的抗蚜活性,平均能够抑制桃蚜50%～60%的蚜口密度,有的高达80%以上。以上结果表明利用这两个改造过的抗虫基因可以获得既抗虫又耐蚜的转双抗虫转基因植物。     

东亚钳蝎神经毒素基因BmK IT3的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

东亚钳蝎毒素基因ＢｍＫＩＴ3 编码是由 6 5个氨基酸残基组成的多肽物质。该类毒素为专一性作用于昆虫的抑制型神经毒素 ,它已被广泛用于研究离子通道作用机理[1 ] ;同时 ,它是研究蛋白质结构和功能的极好模型 ,是研究神经药理学的理想工具 ,将具有药理活性和昆虫毒性的基因导入细胞或动植物体内具有十分重要的应用价值。它对昆虫作用的专一性很高 ,对哺乳动物无害或毒性很小 ,可作为一种安全、有效的生物杀虫剂[2 ,3 ] 。我们的研究是对该基因密码子进行优化 ,采用化学合成的方法合成了适于在昆虫中表达的ＢｍＫＩＴ3 的两条长的引物 ,通过…     

雪花莲凝集素基因（gna）的改造及其抗蚜性

用定点突变方法对编码雪花莲凝集素（Galanthus nivalis agglutinin,GNA)前体蛋白的DNA序列进行了改造和转基因烟草9Nicotana tabacum L.）抗蚜性的研究。结果表明,将GNA编码序列中含有的稀有密码子改造后,GNA的表达水平从占总可溶性蛋白的0.17％增加到0.25％,转基因烟草的抗蚜性也随之增强,从平均抑制桃蚜（Myzus per-sicae(Sulzer））虫口密度63.7％显地提高到71.0％。     

转望江南核糖体失活蛋白基因cassin烟草及其对烟草花叶病毒的抗性

通过构建植物表达载体,由农杆菌介导,将望江南核糖体失活蛋白基因cassin转入烟草。PCR和Southern blot杂交结果证明：外源基因已经以单拷贝整合到烟草基因组内,并且在后代发生遗传分离。RT—PCR和Northern blot杂交结果显示：外源基因可以正常转录。用不同浓度的TMV机械摩擦接种转基因T1、T2代各3个自交株系,以非转基因烟草为阴性对照,实验结果表明转基因烟草对TMV表现出不同程度的抗性。     

两种凝集素基因在转基因烟草中表达的研究

构建了含尾穗苋凝集素基因(ACA)的cDNA序列和改造后的雪花莲凝集素基因(GNA)的植物表达载体pBACG。在此表达载体中,ACA和GNA基因的表达分别由35S启动子和CoYMV启动子控制。通过农杆菌介导,将ACA和GNA基因转化到烟草中,经卡那霉素筛选获得60株转化再生植株。对PCR检测呈阳性的50株植株进行接蚜虫实验,结果表明,其平均抑虫率达83．9％。Southern blotting分析表明,ACA和GNA基因都已整合到烟草基因组中。Western blotting结果显示这两个基因在不同植株中都可表达其相应的蛋白质,但表达水平不同。部分Western blotting分析呈阳性植株的抗蚜性与T0代相近,达85．3％,说明这两个基因的抗蚜功能可以稳定遗传。     

表达尾穗苋凝集素基因的转基因烟草对桃蚜(Myzus persicae)繁殖的影响(英文)

To investigate the possible function of the agglutinin from Amaranthus caudatus L. (ACA) in plant defending against insect pests, ACA cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR and the 5‘ and 3‘ sequences were confirmed by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The phloem-specific expression vector of ACA gene, pBCACAc, was constructed based on the plant binary vector pBC438 and transfered into tobacco plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. Results from PCR and Southern blotting analysis showed that AOA gene was integrated into the genomes of transformed plants and the transgene integration varied from one to four estimated copies per genome. Western blotting analysis indicated that ACA gene was transcribed and translated in the transgenic plants. The bioassay of Myzus persicae Sulzer on detached leaves demonstrated that the 78% transgenic tobacco plants displayed an average aphid-resistant rate of more than 75%. Some apterous progeny of M. persicae were found dead on the resistant plants. These results indicate that ACA gene should be an effective aphid-resistant gene and could be valuable for application in crop breeding for aphid resistance.     

表达尾穗苋凝集素基因的转基因烟草对桃蚜(Myzus persicae)繁殖的影响

为研究尾穗苋凝集素(ACA)在植物中可能的抗虫作用,通过RH-PCR克隆了ACA cDNA并通过RACE分析证实了cDNA序列的正确性.构建了ACA基因的韧皮部特异表达载体pBCACAc并通过根癌杜菌介导转化了烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.).PCR和Southern blot分析结果证明,ACA基因已经整合到转化再生植物的基因组中,其插入插贝数1~4个不等.对转基因烟草叶片蛋白时行行免疫反应的结果表明,ACA基因已被转录和翻译.用桃蚜(Myzuspersicae Sulzer)对转基因烟草离体叶片进行了的接虫试验结果表明,测试过的78%的烟草对桃蚜口密度增长的平均抑制率在75%以上,在抗性植株上观察到有桃蚜若虫死亡的现象.以上结果表明,ACA基因是一个有效的抗蚜基因,在作物抗蚜分子育种具有应具应用价值.     

Insect Resistance of Transformed Tobacco Plants with Gene of the Spider Insecticidal Peptide

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)leaves were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing the insecticidal peptide gene. Thirty regenerated kanamycin resistant plants were obtained, among which three showed stronger toxicity to Heliothis armigera by feeding experiments. In comparison with feeding of the control plants, mortality of the insects fed on transgenic plants was significantly higher and the growth of the survived insects was remarkably retarded. Results of PCR Southern blot and Northern blot showed that insecticidal peptide gene has been transferred into the genome of these three plants and expressed efficiently to confer the insect resistance of the transgenic plants.     

菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因在烟草中的表达

质粒pLS9含有1．5kb的编码菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因。经限制酶切后克隆到植物表达载体的35S启动子和PolyA终止子之间。经农杆菌介导转化烟草,获得90多株抗卡那霉素再生植株。经PCR检测证明60％以上再生植株含有BADH基因。转基因植株经Western blot,BADH酶活性测定,BADH酶活性特异性染色法检查和耐盐性分析,证明菠菜BADH基因在烟草正常表达。在叶绿体和胞液中均有BADH酶存在。转基因植株能耐较高浓度盐。     

Transgenic Plants for Insect Pest Control: A Forward Looking Scientific Perspective

One of the first successes of plant biotechnology has been the creation and commercialisation of transgenic crops exhibiting resistance to major insect pests. First generation products encompassed plants with single insecticidal Bt genes with resistance against major pests of corn and cotton. Modelling studies predicted that usefulness of these resistant plants would be short-lived, as a result of the ability of insects to develop resistance against single insecticidal gene products. However, despite such dire predictions no such collapse has taken place and the acreage of transgenic insect resistance crops has been increasing at a steady rate over the 9 years since the deployment of the first transgenic insect resistant plant. However, in order to assure durability and sustainability of resistance, novel strategies have been contemplated and are being developed. This perspective addresses a number of potentially useful strategies to assure the longevity of second and third generation insect resistant plants.