DNA碱基组分分析在Frankia属分类中的应用研究

用热变性温度法,测定了非豆科植物固氮放线菌Frankia属七个菌株的DNA碱基组成,结果表明,该属的DNA(G+C)mol%在66.0—72.0之间。这些菌株可分为两个不同的类群,Ⅰ群包括EmI108,EmI131,EgI413和CeI513,(G十C)mol%66.12—67.34之间;Ⅱ群包括AsI13和MrIr5,(G十C)mol% 69.78—72.22之间。各菌株的生理试验表明,Ⅰ群菌株多利用葡萄糖或吐温作为唯一碳源;Ⅱ群菌株则不利用葡萄糖和吐温,所有菌株都利用丙酸和醋酸。     

几株不同种属来源的木麻黄植物根瘤共生放线菌-Frankia的研究

用根瘤切片法,从长骨木麻黄(C. glauca Sieb.)、鸡冠木麻黄(C. cristata)和海滨木麻黄(A. littoralis)野生根瘤中分离出具有侵染能力的Frankia sp、NNCG01、NNCCR03和NNACL05菌株,它们都具有Frankia的典型形态特征,在无氮培养条件下,形成大量的顶囊和孢子囊。各菌株对简单碳源和氮源的利用比对复杂碳源和氮源的利用更好,而且都具有较高的耐盐(NaC1)能力,在0.2M盐浓度中,生长受到的影响很小,在盐浓度为0.5M时,也有一定生长。这三株Frankia菌株都能交叉感染木麻黄属(Casuarina)和异木麻黄属(Allocasuarina)中的一些放线菌结瘤植物,因此,从木麻黄属植物根瘤分离的Frankia菌株和从异木麻黄属植物根瘤分离的Frankia菌株属于同一个互接种簇。这三株Frankia的自生固氮活性与它们的共生固氮活性呈正比,而且同一菌株与不同种木麻黄植物共生固氮的效率没有明显的差异,为初步筛选高效共生固氮的Frankia菌株提供了一个快速简便的方法,具有重要的实际意义。     

DNA碱基组分分析在Frankia属分类中的应用研究

用热变性温度法,测定了非豆科植物固氮放线菌Frankia属七个菌株的DNA碱基组成,结果表明,该属的DNA(G+C)mol%在66.0—72.0之间。这些菌株可分为两个不同的类群,Ⅰ群包括EmI108,EmI131,EgI413和CeI513,(G十C)mol%66.12—67.34之间;Ⅱ群包括AsI13和MrIr5,(G十C)mol% 69.78—72.22之间。各菌株的生理试验表明,Ⅰ群菌株多利用葡萄糖或吐温作为唯一碳源;Ⅱ群菌株则不利用葡萄糖和吐温,所有菌株都利用丙酸和醋酸。     

辽东桤木根瘤内生菌株的形态观察和侵染能力试验

桤木属(Alnus)植物的结瘤固氮作用亦是Frankia菌侵染共生的结果。到目前为止,国外从该属植物根瘤中分离了许多株Frankia菌,但是,基本特征都是极为类似的。我国有12个桤木树种具有结瘤固氮能力,已分离为纯培养菌株的已     

不同属宿主来源的Frankia菌株形态特征的研究

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜系统研究了从赤扬、香蕨木、扬梅、木麻黄、异木麻黄、沙棘、胡颓子等七个属中13个树种根瘤中分离出来的15株Frankia菌株。发现不同属、种来源的Frankia菌株除具有相似的形态特征外,在菌丝的粗细、菌丝体发育的稀疏、微密程度、孢子囊的大小,顶囊的形状、大小和顶囊柄的长短等均有着明显的差别。不同属来源的Frankia菌株在培养特征上有明显的差异。赤扬属不同种来源的Frankia菌株在以丙酸钠为碳源的Bap液体无氮培养基中均生长良好,但在以丙酮酸钠为碳源时,则不能生长,而木麻黄属、异木麻黄属来源的Frankia菌株,在丙酸钠或丙酮酸钠为碳源时均生长良好。沙棘属、胡颓子属来源的Frankia菌株在丙酸钠或丙酮酸钠为碳源时均生长良好并产生棕褐色色素。根据Frankia菌的形态和培养特征,可将七个属来源的Frankia菌株划分为三个类群:即赤扬香蕨木,扬梅类群;木麻黄、异木麻黄类群;沙棘和胡颓子类群。     

沙棘弗兰克氏菌的生物学特性研究

从辽宁省西部的沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)根瘤中分离到8株内生菌,它们都具有Frankia菌的典型形态特征。 回接鉴定表明,8株菌均可使寄主结瘤。各菌株的侵染能力不同;回接培养液的种类是影响侵染力的重要因素。分离于两个不同地区的菌株Frankia sp.Hr16和Hr32在GyA培养基上的培养特征有一定差异。实验菌株可利用多种碳源,其中丙酮酸盐是理想碳源。在以丙酮酸盐为唯一碳源,浓度为10mjlf的Bap培养基中,Hrl6菌株的对数期倍增时间可降至知小时,菌体在两周内达到最大生长量o Hrl6菌株的自生固氮活性亦受碳源的影响,在以5mM的丙酮酸盐的无氮Bap培养基中,其话性为176.5nmol. C2H4／mg蛋白/小时。     

不同科属来源的六株Frankia代表菌株碳源利用谱的研究

对来自赤杨属、木麻黄属、异木麻黄属、沙棘属和杨梅属的六株Frankia代表菌株进行了二十四种碳源利用谱的比较研究(包括简单有机酸、单糖、双糖、三糖和糖醇在内)。结果表明,各菌株在碳源利用种类和程度上有明显差异;简单有机酸盐特别是丙酸钠是所有菌株的良好碳源;菌株Cc01、A11I1和Hr16还能很好地利用丙酮酸钠;除了菌株Hr16能很好地利用纤维二糖,菌株A11I1利用葡萄糖外;糖醇类很少被利用。如果以丙酮酸钠、丙酸钠和乙酸为“诊断性”碳源,则可以将供试菌株分为三个类群,即赤杨——杨梅类群、沙棘类群和木麻黄类群;这与交叉接种和血清学方法得出的结论相吻合。     

一株弗兰克氏菌的分离培养及特性研究*

用根瘤匀浆法,从粗枝木麻黄(Casuarina glauca)根瘤中分离到一株内生菌FCg77。生物学特性试验表明：该菌株的适宜分离培养基为BAP培养基,最佳碳源为吐温-80,最适氮源为牛肉膏,能耐5％的盐分,生理类型为AB型,细胞壁化学组分为Ⅲ型。结合回接试验结果,初步判定分离菌株FCg77应属于弗兰克氏菌(Frankia)的成员。     

弗兰克氏菌Hr138菌株的生理学研究

用根瘤切片液体培养方法,从沙棘(Hippophae themnoides L.)根瘤中分离得到弗兰克氏菌Hr138菌株,对其生理特性和培养条件进行了研究。菌株能在多种培养液中生长,最适宜生长的培养液为Tween／Cas。它能利用吐温-80、琥珀酸、丙酸、醋酸钠、葡萄糖、麦芽糖或半乳糖作为碳源：利用酪蛋白水解物、蛋白胨或氯化铵作为氮源。在吐温-80为碳源的培养液中,加入葡萄糖对生长有抑制作用。此外,就温度和pH对生长的影响也进行了研究。     

色赤杨根瘤内生菌Frankia sp,At~4的分离和侵染能力的鉴定(简报)

放线菌与非豆科木本植物的共生体系具有强大的固氮能力,可将大气中氮素转变成化合态,以满足植物需要,并培肥土壤,在绿化造林中起着重要作用。近年来,国内外均在积极开展这方面的工作,使其成为固氮研究中最活跃的领域之一。最近,我们已从色赤杨根瘤中分离到了几株Frankia放线菌,并进行了形态学和宿主植物回接结瘤等方面的鉴定工作。已证实At4是一株能使色赤杨结瘤固氮的Frankia菌株。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.