人参培养细胞的单细胞克隆

培养基组成成分能影响人参培养细胞单细胞克隆的植板率。Ms培养基中2,4－D和KT需要一个适合的浓度比才能有效地促进细胞克隆的形成,其最佳浓度组合是2,4－D1．5mg／L和KT O．5mg／L。适合人参细胞克隆形成的NH₄N0₃浓度是400mg／L,CaCl₂.2H₂O浓度是750mg／L。向培养基中补加适量的琥珀酸、精氨酸和维生素等都能明显提高植板率。通过优化培养基的组成成分,细胞克隆的植板率可增加到2.34倍。悬浮培养两周左右的细胞平板培养最有利克隆形成,当细胞植板密度低于4×10³个细胞／ml时,几乎没有克隆形成。     

红花单细胞克隆的建立

KT,2,4-D 及 NAA 能提高红花(Cathamus tinctorius)细胞克隆平板培养的植板率。这三种激素对细胞生长的最佳搭配是2,4-D2.0mg/l,KT0.3mg/l,NAA 0.5mg/1。红花细胞悬浮继代培养代数不同,其植板率相差甚远,用悬浮培养第三代的细胞做材料最好,其植板率是第一代悬浮培养细胞做材料的8.5倍。红花细胞克隆的条件培养的植板率是普通平板培养的3.6倍。固-液双层培养的植板率是普通平板培养的4.7倍。对已建立的红花细胞克隆进行生长速率的比较表明,生长最漫的克隆的生长速率为3.08g/g/35天,生长最决的克隆的生长速率高达23.33g/g/35天。     

红花细胞克隆的平板培养

在红花(Cathamus unctorrus)细胞克隆的平板培养中很多因素都能影响其植板率,如培养基的 pH 值,无机盐中的 NH_4NO_3、ZnSO_4、MnSO_4;有机酸中的柠檬酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸及延胡索酸,谷氨酰胺和精氨酸,葡萄糖,椰乳和水解乳蛋白等。向培养基中加入10mg/l 柠檬酸或3mg/l 琥珀酸能显著提高植板率。适量的人参寡糖及黑节草寡糖应用对促进红花细胞克隆生长取得很好效果。常规的高压灭菌最不利于细胞生长,在15磅/cm~2灭菌5分钟效果较好,过滤灭菌效果最好。     

高产人参寡糖素培养细胞克隆系的诱变筛选

紫外辐射能显著地降低人参培养细胞单细胞克隆的植板率。当紫外辐射悬浮细胞３０ｓ后,细胞克隆的植林率是对照组的２１．４３％。细胞克隆平板培养６０ｄ,挑取克隆连续转移培养３次,共获得克隆系１２２株。对所有克隆系进行变异分析并经１０代连续继代培养,从中筛选到一株稳定的高产寡糖素克隆系ＰＧＵＡ－０８,而且它的过氧化物酶同工酶谱特征也保持稳定。克隆系ＰＧＵＡ－０８的生长速率为０．５３７ｇＤＷＬ－１ｄ－１,是亲本的１．４６倍,寡糖素含量为１７．１６％ＤＷ,是亲本的１．８１倍,寡糖素产率为２．７６４ｇ／Ｌ,是亲本的２．６２倍。     

土人参的组织和单细胞培养及试管苗开花结实

以土人参的花梗、茎和叶片为外植体在ＭＳ培养基上诱导出愈伤组织,诱导率为７５％－９０％。愈伤组织经分化和生根培养再生了完整植株。由组织培养再生苗的幼茎诱导的愈伤组织建立悬浮系。由悬浮系分离的单细胞在２／３ＭＳ液体培养基中振荡培养或振荡培养３周后转入双层培养均再生了愈伤组织,再生率分别为０．２８％和０．４１％。愈伤组织在含有较低浓度６－ＢＡ的培养基上分化出苗。幼苗生长迅速,每３周扩增６．７倍,再生植株     

红豆杉单细胞克隆的建立

本文报道了红豆杉单细胞克隆的建立过程,在红豆极细胞克隆中使用悬浮培养１０－１５天的细胞培养物分离单细胞进行看护培养的效果最好。     

高含量薯芋皂素植株的细胞克隆

盾叶薯芋(Dioscorea zingibernisis Wright)细胞克隆系的建立采用平板培养法。试验了18种不同的培养外界环境因素对植板率的影响:如培养基pH值,在培养基中添加谷氨酰胺、丝氨酸、柠檬酸、葡萄糖和偶合低聚糖等。其中,以添加偶合低聚糖的植板率最高。获得31个克隆细胞系。经大量培养,测定细胞生长,筛选出18个优良克隆系。以代号为Rc81的克隆系在接种量为0.7g/L(折合干重,下同),培养28d可获得15.1g/L。     

鱼类细胞克隆培养的研究

在哺乳类细胞中,细胞克隆培养已获得了广泛的应用,而在鱼类细胞中,尚未见到有关克隆化培养的报道。建立适合鱼类细胞的克隆培养技术,对于鱼类的细胞生物学、生物化学、病毒学、体细胞遗传学和细胞工程的研究,具有广泛的实甩价值。我们成功地进行了鱼类细胞克隆的培养。现将主要试验结果作一简要报道。     

Screening of Clone Lines with High Yield of Oligosaccharins from Culture Cells of Panax ginseng

Cell plating clone technique was employed to screen clone lines with high yield of oligosaccharins from culture cells of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. Near 300 clone lines were obtained. The results from some clone lines analysed implied that these clone lines were significantly different in cell growth rate, oligosaccharins content and yield. Furthermore, there was a distinct correlation between oligosaccharins productivity and cell growth. A more stable high-yield oligosaccharin clone line PG-180 had been selected according to the characteristics of growth rate, oligosaccharin yield and peroxidases isozyme patterns during successive subculturing of 11 generations of clone lines. The mean growth rate of clone line PG-180 was 0. 495 g dry wt/L · d, and was 1.39 folds higher than to the original strain. Its mean content and yield of oligosaccharins were 14. 69 % dry wt and 2.183 g/L, which were 65 % and 132% respectively higher than those of the original strain. In comparing the time course of cell suspension culture between clone line PG-180 and the original strain, the optimal period for high oligosaccharin production from P. ginseng culture cells was approximately three weeks.     

Improved production of ginseng polysaccharide by adding conditioned medium to Panax notoginseng cell cultures

By adding 50% (v/v) filtered culture broth to fresh MS medium, the specific growth rate of Panax notoginseng was increased from 0.046 d–1 to 0.068 d–1, and the polysaccharide production and productivity reached 1.21 g l–1 and 61 mg/(ld), respectively, which were 1.3- and 2.3-fold of the control. Further supplementation of the conditioned medium with sucrose, ammonium, nitrate and phosphate gave a cell density of 13.7 g l–1 and a specific growth rate of 0.086 d–1. Polysaccharide production was 1.65 g l–1 and the productivity was 78 mg/(ld).     

人参培养细胞中活性六糖的分离及结构鉴定

将用酸水解人参细胞方法得到的寡糖素,是一组聚合度由３－１２单糖组成的水溶性混合物,经活性碳柱,ｏｗｅｘ５０（Ｈ＾＋）柱,Ｂｉｏ－Ｇｅｌ Ｐ－２凝胶柱后由半制备型ＯＤＳ柱在ＨＰＬＣ分离到一个六糖,通过ＧＣ,ＧＣ－ＭＳ,ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ和＾１３４Ｃ－ＮＭＲ测定,推测出了这个     

竹节参培养细胞提取的竹节参总皂苷对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的抑制作用

为了探讨竹节参培养细胞所提取的竹节参总皂苷对大鼠佐剂性炎症的治疗效果,利用雄性AA大鼠构建病理模型,通过致炎前和致炎后口服给药,研究了竹节参总皂苷对于大鼠原发性以及继发性佐剂性关节炎的预防和治疗效果。实验结果表明,从竹节参培养细胞中分离到的竹节参总皂苷能够预防和显著减轻AA大鼠佐剂性关节炎的原发性病变;竹节参总皂苷也能够很好地减轻和治疗AA大鼠佐剂性关节炎的继发性病变。竹节参总皂苷的有效剂量为35～140 mg/kg。实验证明,从竹节参培养细胞中提取的竹节参总皂苷与天然竹节参提取物一样均具有良好的抗炎作用。     

Setting up a Single Cell Clone Lines of Cathamus tinctorius

Different concentrations of 2,4-D, KT and NAA were able to influence the plating efficiency (PE) of single cells of Cathamus tinctorius. The best combination of these three hormones for the growth of single cells was 2.0, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/l, respectively. The PE was obviously different as cells came from different generations of suspension subculture and the third generation of suspension culture cells, had the best PE which 8.5 times as high as that of the first generation of suspension culture cells. Single cell growth in condition medium or in solid-liquid dual layer culture was better than in normal plate culture. The PE of single cell clones in condition culture was 3.6 times as high as in normal plate culture. The PE of single cell clones in solid-liquid dual layer culture was 4.7 times as high as in normal plate culture. Many clones from single cells were set up. Different growth rates were observed in different single-cell clones. The lowest growth rate in these clones was 3.08 g/g/35 days, the highest growth rate in these clones was 23.33 g/g/35 days.     

人参细胞悬浮培养中的激素调节及细胞分裂的研究

在人参细胞悬浮培养中,单使用植物生长调节剂时以Zmg/L 2,4—D和2mg/LNAA的效果较好.在不同激素组合的试验中,以2mg/L 2,4—D+2mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L KT的效果最好.悬浮条件下人参细胞的再生方式有有丝分裂、无丝分裂和出芽繁殖,其中直径为50μm以下的小型园形细胞的分裂为有丝分裂,而葫芦形、肾形、长园形及不定形的巨型细胞常表现为无丝分裂和出芽繁殖.植物激素对不同类型细胞的分裂有一定的影响作用.和愈伤组织固体培养相比,细胞悬浮培养可使细胞干重增加近5倍.     

人参悬浮细胞系的建立及其生长特性的研究

从人参幼叶的培养中,筛选出了质地松疏、生长迅速、易于分散、可以长期进行继代培养的淡黄色半透明状愈伤组织系。将这种愈伤组织接种在液体培养基中进行振荡培养．建立起分散程度好的人参悬浮细胞系。在此基础上,测定了人参细胞悬浮培养物的生长曲线。实验表明,水解酪蛋白（ＬＨ）对人参悬浮细胞的生长有利。滋养培养可以使人参悬浮细胞的愈伤组织形成率提高,并在低密度下达到较高的植板率。这为有效地筛选出适合于工业化生产的高产人参细胞株提供了方便。     

Hypoxic conditioned medium derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells protects against ischemic stroke in rats

In recent years, studies have shown that the secretome of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) contains many growth factors, cytokines, and antioxidants, which may provide novel approaches to treat ischemic diseases. Furthermore, the secretome may be modulated by hypoxic preconditioning. We hypothesized that conditioned medium (CM) derived from BMSCs plays a crucial role in reducing tissue damage and improving neurological recovery after ischemic stroke and that hypoxic preconditioning of BMSCs robustly improves these activities. Rats were subjected to ischemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion and then intravenously administered hypoxic CM, normoxic CM, or Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM, control). Cytokine antibody arrays and label-free quantitative proteomics analysis were used to compare the differences between hypoxic CM and normoxic CM. Injection of normoxic CM significantly reduced the infarct area and improved neurological recovery after stroke compared with administering DMEM. These outcomes may be associated with the attenuation of apoptosis and promotion of angiogenesis. Hypoxic preconditioning significantly enhanced these therapeutic effects. Fourteen proteins were significantly increased in hypoxic CM compared with normoxic CM as measured by cytokine arrays. The label-free quantitative proteomics analysis revealed 163 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two groups, including 107 upregulated proteins and 56 downregulated proteins. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hypoxic CM protected brain tissue from ischemic injury and promoted functional recovery after stroke in rats and that hypoxic CM may be the basis of a potential therapy for stroke patients.     

High density cell culture of Panax notoginseng for production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide in an airlift bioreactor

High cell density of Panax notoginseng in a 17 l airlift bioreactor was achieved in batch cultivation using a modified MS medium. The dry cell weight, ginseng saponin and polysaccharide reached 24, 1.7 and 2.8 g l^–1, respectively, after 15 d. A strategy of sucrose feeding based on changes in the specific O₂ uptake rate was applied to the cell cultures, which increased these respective yields to 30, 2.3 and 3.2 g l^–1.