病毒活疫苗冻干保护剂筛选研究

为提高冻干病毒性活疫苗的成品滴度和稳定性及提高疫苗生产的出品率,本研究通过对多种保护剂成分如明胶、山梨醇、蔗糖、乳糖、右旋糖苷、精氨酸等及其配比的大量反复筛选试验,已初步选定了数种可供选择并进一步优化完善的冻干保护剂配方。与现行冻干保护剂相比,其疫苗出品率在相同投入下可提高三倍。     

Trypsinization of Animal Tissues for Cell Culture: Theoretical Considerations and Automatic Apparatus

The theoretical background and the experimental feasibility of an automatic control for the continuous trypsinization process are discussed. An automatic apparatus is described with experimental evidence that the optimal mean residence time of monkey kidney cells in the trypsinization flask is between 5 and 8 min, in a volume of fluid approximately ten times that of the tissue processed. A temperature of 36 C and a pH of 7.8 provide optimal conditions for cell viability.     

An Apparatus for Fixation and Supravital Staining of Tissues by the Perfusion Method

An apparatus is described for the perfusion of the circulation which permits accurate control of the temperature, pressure and rate of flow of the perfusing fluids. Using this apparatus, the tissues can be perfused initially with saline and subsequently with a fixing solution or supravital stain without changing the cannula. The apparatus can be pre-set to any given requirement, and will thus give reproducible results. It is not suitable for the application of warm volatile fixatives, but these can be perfused cold after preliminary perfusion with warm saline.

Perfusion is improved by the subcutaneous injection of heparin before death, and by the administration of amyl nitrite either in the perfusing fluid or as a vapor during anaesthesia.     

A Modified Chemiluminescent Method for Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity of Biological Fluids and Tissues

Biophysics - Abstract—In this study we present a modified method for determination of the antioxidant capacity of biological fluids and tissues based on the use of a chemiluminescent model...     

A Modified Protocol for RNA Extraction from Different Peach Tissues Suitable for Gene Isolation and Real-Time PCR Analysis

RNA extraction is the first step in the study of gene isolation and expression. However, it is difficult to extract high quantity and quality RNA from tissues containing large quantities of polysaccharides and polyphenols. Peach (Prunus persica), in addition to containing high levels of polysaccharides and polyphenols, is a challenging starting material for RNA isolation using a single method because of different amounts of those substances in diverse tissues. Based on three reported methods, we developed a modified RNA isolation protocol to solve this problem, leading to high quality and quantity of total RNA from peach mesocarp tissues of fruits which were sampled from all developmental stages and different storage periods, as well as from other tissues including flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. With our modified method, 28–650 μg of total RNA was routinely obtained from per gram of fresh material, gave at least a 1.16-fold improvement by compared with those isolated by other seven methods. The RNA extracts were successfully used in downstream applications such as RT-PCR, RACE, and real-time PCR.     

Modified Spinning Top Homogeneous Spray Apparatus for Use in Experimental Respiratory Disease Studies

The May spinning top generator was adapted to a modified Henderson tube for producing large aerosol particles (>4 mum) to obtain almost exclusive upper respiratory tract deposition of infectious aerosols in exposed mice. The system was installed in a biological safety cabinet to permit experimentation with pathogens. A novel mechanism utilizing parts from a machinists micrometer and the mechanical stage from a light microscope was developed for the spinning top generator as a means for precisely positioning the liquid feed needle. Aerosol light-scatter properties were continuously analyzed to provide relative measures of particle size distribution and aerosol concentration. When mice were exposed to influenza virus aerosols in which none of the virus was contained in particles with aerodynamic diameters <4 mum, essentially all of the virus was deposited in the upper respiratory tract tissues.     

A New Apparatus for Preparative Gel Electrophoresis

Syntheses of two carbonyl derivatives of hydantocidin 1, a potent, naturally occurring herbicide, and their herbicidal activity are described. Spiroimidazolidinone 2, the descarbonyl compound at C9, was prepared by employing reductive demethylsulfurization with tri-n-butyltin hydride as the key step. Another derivative, spiroimidazolinone 10, was obtained from α-azidoamide 8 and benzyl isocyanate via the aza-Wittig reaction. 2 had lost almost all herbicidal activity, whereas 10 retained herbicidal activity against such dicotyledonous weeds as ragweed and cocklebur, but lost activity against monocotyledonous weeds. These results imply the possibility that proper modification of the carbonyl group at C7 of the parent compound would afford hydantocidin analogues possessing crop selectivity.     

多西紫杉醇修饰的人工晶体与眼组织相容性分析

目的：探讨经多西紫杉醇修饰的人工晶体对眼组织相容性的影响。方法：按照随机数字表法将32 只日本大耳兔分为两组： 实验组通过手术植入表面经多西紫杉醇修饰处理后的疏水性人工晶体,对照组植入疏水性人工晶体。比较两组人工晶体亲水角、 术后24 小时光耀斑块计数以及人工晶体周围组织炎症浸润数。结果：实验组的亲水角小于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 实验组光耀斑块计数低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。实验组家兔人工晶体周围组织炎症浸润计数低于对照组,差异有 统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：人工晶体表面经多西紫杉醇修饰后,其亲水性、与眼组织的组织相容性增加,且可缓解光耀斑炎症感 染和降低并发症的发生,有重要的临床参考价值。     

A Modified Technique to Study the Genital Apparatus Structure of Horseflies (Diptera,Tabanidae)

Entomological Review - A technique of preparation and storage of the genital apparatus of horseflies is developed. It is proposed to use 70% alcohol along with potassium hydroxide to soften the...     

A Rapid Rosin-Celloidin-Paraffin method for Embedding Tissues

Pieces of tissue of various sizes or tissue fragments are dehydrated in 95% alcohol, cleared, washed with ether and infiltrated with a solution containing parloidin 9.6 g., camphor 3.0 g., absolute alcohol 200.0 ml., ether 200.0 ml., rosin 45.0 g. and castor oil 10 drops. After evaporation to the desired consistency, the mass is hardened with chloroform vapor, trimmed, passed through 3 changes of xylene to remove the rosin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned serially, stretched and stained as for paraffin methods. Methods of defatting tissues and detailed procedure for embedding fragments of bone marrow by this method are given.     

A Quadruple Stain Combination for Plant Tissues

A new procedure for the quadruple staining of paraffin sections of plant tissues is offered, involving the use of safranin, methyl violet, fast green and orange G. Differentiation is practically automatic and is controlled by the use of special washing solutions. Striking color-contrast effects permit the identification of every type of cell structure and cytoplasmic inclusions.     

A Direct Silver Method for the Golgi Apparatus

Direct immersion of fresh tissue in a solution of silver in formalin at pH 4, followed by development in hydroquinone-formalin, results in consistent silvering of the Golgi apparatus. The time required depends on the penetration of the tissue, two hours for each step being adequate for routine purposes. Proper general fixation of the tissue is enhanced by returning it to a fixative for the customary periods of time. A weak solution of iron alum is suggested as a convenient method for reducing the intensity of the silver image in sections, when that is desired. Replacing the silver image with gold allows it to survive more drastic subsequent treatment, such as periodic acid oxidation.     

A New Apparatus for Standardized Rat Kidney Biopsy

Survival biopsies are frequently applied in rat kidney disease models, but several drawbacks such as surgical kidney trauma, bleeding risk and variable loss of kidney tissue are still unsolved. Therefore, we developed an easy-to-use core biopsy instrument and evaluated whether two consecutive kidney biopsies within the same kidney can be carried out in a standardized manner. On day 0, 18 Lewis rats underwent a right nephrectomy and 9 of these rats a subsequent first biopsy of the left kidney (Bx group). 9 control rats had a sham biopsy of the left kidney (Ctrl group). On day 7, a second kidney biopsy/sham biopsy was performed. On day 42, all animals were sacrificed and their kidneys were removed for histology. Biopsy cylinders contained 57±28 glomeruli per transversal section, representing an adequate sample size. PAS staining showed that the biopsy depth was limited to the renal cortex whereas surgical tissue damage was limited to the area immediately adjacent to the taken biopsy cylinder. On day 42, the reduction of functional renal mass after two biopsies was only 5.2% and no differences of body weight, blood pressure, proteinuria, serum creatinine, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis or number of ED-1 positive macrophages were found between both groups. In summary, our apparatus offers a safe method to perform repetitive kidney biopsies with minimal trauma and sufficient sample size and quality even in experimental disease models restricted to one single kidney.