共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ayman M. Al-Qaaneh Thamer Alshammari Razan Aldahhan Hanan Aldossary Zahra Abduljaleel Alkhalifah J. Francis Borgio 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(3):1978-1989
SARS-CoV-2 is a type of Betacoronaviruses responsible for COVID-19 pandemic disease, with more than 1.745 million fatalities globally as of December-2020. Genetically, it is considered the second largest genome of all RNA viruses with a 5′ cap and 3′ poly-A tail. Phylogenetic analyses of coronaviruses reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is genetically closely related to the Bat-SARS Like-Corona virus (Bat-SL-Cov) with 96% whole-genome identity. SARS-CoV-2 genome consists of 15 ORFs coded into 29 proteins. At the 5′ terminal of the genome, we have ORF1ab and ORF1a, which encode the 1ab and 1a polypeptides that are proteolytically cleaved into 16 different nonstructural proteins (NSPs). The 3′ terminal of the genome represents four structural (spike, envelope, matrix, and nucleocapsid) and nine accessory (3a, 3b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8b, 9a, 9b, and orf10) proteins. As the number of COVID-19 patients increases dramatically worldwide, there is an urgent need to find a quick and sensitive diagnostic tool for controlling the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. Today, molecular testing methods utilizing viral genetic material (e.g., PCR) represent the crucial diagnostic tool for the SARS-CoV-2 virus despite its low sensitivity in the early stage of viral infection. This review summarizes the genome composition and genetic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2. 相似文献
2.
21世纪以来,冠状病毒频频引起危害人类健康的重要传染病,其中包括2003年严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)、2012年中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)和新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2),目前对这些病毒引发的疾病并无特效的治疗药物。G-四链体(G-quadruplex,G4)是在DNA或RNA的鸟嘌呤富集区形成的非典型二级结构,可存在于人类和病毒基因组中,G-四链体的不同位置对病毒复制和感染等过程发挥重要调控作用。本研究针对七种与人类疾病相关的冠状病毒以及与SARS-CoV-2同源性较高的三种蝙蝠相关病毒,通过全基因组序列分析潜在四链体形成序列(Potential quadruplex-forming sequences,PQS),结果发现,十种病毒中均存在一定数量的PQS基序,同时对SARS-CoV-2 G-四链体存在位置及形成潜力进行评估,并分析了不同变异株间G-四链体基序的保守性。本研究对SARS-CoV-2基因组中G-四链体进行初步预测与探讨,旨在为COVID-19治疗提供一种新的药物靶点,使其更好地应用于临床研究。 相似文献
3.
2019年底于中国武汉暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情来势凶猛,迅速蔓延全球,并被世界卫生组织列为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”,给全人类的健康及经济发展造成难以估量的损害。新型冠状病毒对人群普遍易感且传染性强,在无特效药物及治疗手段的情况下,疫苗接种是防控COVID-19疫情最有效且最经济的途径。目前全球疫苗研发正在加速进行,各国之间通力合作,共同应对此次疫情。主要对目前正在研发的针对SARS-CoV-2的灭活疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、基因工程重组亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗的研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
4.
Zheng Chen Bili Wang Shanshan Mao Qing Ye 《International journal of biological sciences》2021,17(4):1119
With ongoing research, it was found that asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was widespread in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) populations. Studies have confirmed asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 have potential infectivity, and most of the transmission occurred before symptoms appear. Asymptomatic infection rates varied widely in different countries and regions. Identifying the asymptomatic infected persons and cutting off the infection source is an effective way to prevent the spread of this disease. However, asymptomatic patients have hidden clinical symptoms, and screening based only on the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 can easily lead to a missed diagnosis. Therefore, determining asymptomatic infection patients by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing is the gold standard. A series of prevention and control measures adopted by the Chinese government, especially the “Four Early” policy, have achieved outstanding achievements, which are worth learning from by other countries. 相似文献
5.
正Coronaviruses are large, enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Several coronaviruses are pathogenic in humans,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV) and this novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, 相似文献
6.
2019年底于中国武汉暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情来势凶猛,迅速蔓延全球,并被世界卫生组织列为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”,给全人类的健康及经济发展造成难以估量的损害。新型冠状病毒对人群普遍易感且传染性强,在无特效药物及治疗手段的情况下,疫苗接种是防控COVID-19疫情最有效且最经济的途径。目前全球疫苗研发正在加速进行,各国之间通力合作,共同应对此次疫情。主要对目前正在研发的针对SARS-CoV-2的灭活疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、基因工程重组亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗的研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
7.
Paul D. Hartley Richard L. Tillett David P. AuCoin Joel R. Sevinsky Yanji Xu Andrew Gorzalski Mark Pandori Erin Buttery Holly Hansen Michael A. Picker Cyprian C. Rossetto Subhash C. Verma 《遗传学报》2021,48(1):40-51
Patients with signs of COVID-19 were tested through diagnostic RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 using RNA extracted from the nasopharyngeal/nasal swabs.To determine the variants of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the state of Nevada,specimens from 200 COVID-19 patients were sequenced through our robust sequencing platform,which enabled sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from specimens with even very low viral loads,without the need of culture-based amplification.High genome coverage allowed the identification of single and multi-nucleotide variants in SARS-CoV-2 in the community and their phylogenetic relationships with other variants present during the same period of the outbreak.We report the occurrence of a novel mutation at 323aa (314aa of orf1b) of nsp12 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) changed to phenylalanine(F) from proline (P),in the first reported isolate of SARS-CoV-2,Wuhan-Hu-1.This 323F variant was present at a very high frequency in Northern Nevada.Structural modeling determined this mutation in the interface domain,which is important for the association of accessory proteins required for the polymerase.In conclusion,we report the introduction of specific SARS-CoV-2 variants at very high frequency in distinct geographic locations,which is important for understanding the evolution and circulation of SARS-CoV-2variants of public health importance,while it circulates in humans. 相似文献
8.
《Current biology : CB》2020,30(7):1346-1351.e2
- Download : Download high-res image (185KB)
- Download : Download full-size image
9.
Antonio Molina-Carballo Rafael Palacios-Lpez Antonio Jerez-Calero María Carmen Augustín-Morales Ahmed Agil Antonio Muoz-Hoyos Antonio Muoz-Gallego 《Current issues in molecular biology》2022,44(1):31
Introduction: according to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for an increasing number of cases and deaths. From a preventive and therapeutic point of view, there are two concerns that affect institutions and healthcare professionals: global immunization (which is still far from being achieved) and the availability of drugs capable of preventing its consequences in the infected patient. In this sense, the role that melatonin can play is has been assessed in the recent literature. Justification and Objectives: the serious health, social and economic consequences of COVID-19 have forced an urgent search for preventive methods, such as vaccines, among others, and therapeutic methods that could be alternatives to the drugs currently used. In this sense, it must be accepted that one of the most recommended has been the administration of melatonin. The present study proposes to carry out a systematic review of its possible role in the treatment and/or prevention of COVID-19. Material and methods: a systematic review of the literature related to the prevention of COVID-19 through the administration of melatonin was carried out, following the sequence proposed by the Prisma Declaration regarding the identification and selection of documents, using the specialized health databases Trip Medical Database, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline Plus, BVS, Cuiden and generic databases such as Dialnet, Web of Science and Google Scholar for their retrieval. Appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria are described for the articles assessed. The main limitation of the study has been the scarcity of works and the lack of defining a specific protocol in terms of dosage and administration schedule. Results: once the selection process was completed, and after an in-depth critical analysis, 197 papers were selected, and 40 of them were finally used. The most relevant results were: (1) melatonin prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, (2) although much remains to be clarified, at high doses, it seems to have a coadjuvant therapeutic effect in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and (3) melatonin is effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discussion: until group immunization is achieved in the population, it seems clear that we must continue to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and, in the absence of a specific and effective antiviral therapy, it is advisable to continue researching and providing drugs that demonstrate validity based on the scientific evidence. In this regard, we believe that the available studies recommend the administration of melatonin for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, sleep-inducing, CD147, Mpro, p65 and MMP9 protein suppressing, nephrotoxicity-reducing and highly effective and safe effects. Conclusions: (1) melatonin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and Mpro and MMP9 protein-inhibitory activity. (2) It has been shown to have a wide margin of safety. (3) The contributions reviewed make it an effective therapeutic alternative in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (4) Further clinical trials are recommended to clearly define the administration protocol. 相似文献
10.
《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2020,22(4-5):212-217
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is continuously and rapidly circulating at present. Asymptomatic patients have been proven to be contagious and thus pose a significant infection control challenge. Here we describe the characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Jinan, Shandong province, China. A total of 47 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were recruited. Among them, 11 patients were categorized as asymptomatic cases. We found that the asymptomatic patients in Jinan were relatively young and were mainly clustered cases. The laboratory indicators and lung lesion on chest CT were mild. No special factors were found accounting for the presence or absence of symptoms. The presence of asymptomatic patients increased the difficulty of screening. It is necessary to strengthen the identification of such patients in the future. 相似文献
11.
Norihito Kaku Kenji Ota Daisuke Sasaki Norihiko Akamatsu Naoki Uno Kei Sakamoto Kosuke Kosai Hiroo Hasegawa Koichi Izumikawa Hiroshi Mukae Katsunori Yanagihara 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2021,23(4-5):104812
This retrospective study evaluated stored nasopharyngeal swab samples from Japanese patients with influenza-like illness during the 2019/2020 season. We aimed to determine whether COVID-19 had spread in the community before the first confirmed case. The period of influenza season during 2019/2020 in Nagasaki was shorter than in previous influenza seasons. When the first COVID-19 case was reported in Nagasaki prefecture, the number of influenza cases were very low. No positive results for SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 182 samples that were obtained from adult outpatients. Our results revealed no large-scale spread of COVID-19 in the community before the first confirmed case. 相似文献
12.
Jakob McBroome Bryan Thornlow Angie S Hinrichs Alexander Kramer Nicola De Maio Nick Goldman David Haussler Russell Corbett-Detig Yatish Turakhia 《Molecular biology and evolution》2021,38(12):5819
The vast scale of SARS-CoV-2 sequencing data has made it increasingly challenging to comprehensively analyze all available data using existing tools and file formats. To address this, we present a database of SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic trees inferred with unrestricted public sequences, which we update daily to incorporate new sequences. Our database uses the recently proposed mutation-annotated tree (MAT) format to efficiently encode the tree with branches labeled with parsimony-inferred mutations, as well as Nextstrain clade and Pango lineage labels at clade roots. As of June 9, 2021, our SARS-CoV-2 MAT consists of 834,521 sequences and provides a comprehensive view of the virus’ evolutionary history using public data. We also present matUtils—a command-line utility for rapidly querying, interpreting, and manipulating the MATs. Our daily-updated SARS-CoV-2 MAT database and matUtils software are available at http://hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/wuhCor1/UShER_SARS-CoV-2/ and https://github.com/yatisht/usher, respectively. 相似文献
13.
新型冠状病毒肺炎目前已进入全球大流行状态,多个国家出现疫情爆发。美国疾病管制局期刊《新兴传染病》发表的关于新型冠状病毒的最新研究结论显示,新型冠状病毒基本传染数R0的中位数高达5.7,这意味着在未来较长时间内新型冠状病毒可能会在人群中持续传播并发生变异。在这一背景下,如何监视病毒的变异,对于冠状病毒的研究和药物研发具有重要意义。本文基于来自GISAID的病毒基因组序列数据,设计和实现了新型冠状病毒变异时空分析系统。该系统可对来自不同国家和地区的新型冠状病毒序列数进行统计,对病毒序列在不同时间、不同空间内的变异情况进行分析和可视化,同时还支持不同序列之间的差异比对。该系统可为新型冠状病毒肺炎的研究和政府的疾病控制机构的决策提供支持。 相似文献
14.
Sultan F. Alnomasy 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(7):3926-3928
In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wahan, China and it causes disease which is known as COVID-19. This infection spreads everywhere in the world, and it leads to an enormous number of death among individuals. The mystery issue about SARS-CoV-2 that appears not to have functions of a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase like other coronaviruses. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main surface receptor for entering SARS-CoV-2 into the host cell. This entry process is mediated by binding the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) to ACE2. Recently, researchers discover a new receptor responsible for the SARS-CoV-2 entry which is neuropilin-1 (NRP1). So, this work provides afford a knowledge of how the initial interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and NRP1 b1 domain may occur. Understanding this interaction would be very necessary for drug design against SARS-CoV-2. 相似文献
15.
世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)于2021年11月26日将首次在南非报告的新型冠状病毒 B．1.1.529 变异株列为受关注变种(variant of concern, VOC),并将其命名为奥密克戎(Omicron)。该变异株存在约50个突变,仅在刺突蛋白区域就有至少30个突变,远远超过其他流行株的突变位点数量。根据对突变位点的分析以及初步实验证实,该毒株可能具有极强的传染性以及免疫逃逸能力。Omicron变异株会怎样影响新冠疫情的走向引起了各国的广泛关注,本文将从Omicron变异株的基本特征、检测、致病性、传染性、免疫逃逸等方面进行综述。 相似文献
16.
自新型冠状病毒肺炎在2019年年末暴发以来,如何高效防控疫情一直是紧急的全球公共安全事件。疫苗是有效阻止病毒感染人体、保护高危人群免于疾病快速进展以及遏制疫情进一步扩大的手段之一,其中亚单位疫苗的主要成分为特定的病毒抗原蛋白或多肽,通过加入疫苗佐剂提高抗原的免疫原性。由于机体仅针对重组蛋白表面的特定抗原表位进行识别并产生抗体,因此亚单位疫苗具有较高的保护能力和安全性。通过对目前已上市及处于临床阶段的各类新型冠状病毒亚单位疫苗进行梳理,介绍了各类亚单位疫苗的抗原设计策略和佐剂选择、整体保护能力及研究进展,并对亚单位疫苗的应用及技术优势进行分析,期望能为亚单位疫苗研发及全球疫情防控提供参考。 相似文献
17.
Maya Hartig Carley Stephens Aaron Foster Douglas Fontes Michael Kinzel Franklin García-Godoy 《Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)》2021,246(22):2381
Due to the essential role of dentists in stopping the COVID-19 pandemic, the purpose of this review is to help dentists to detect any weaknesses in their disinfection and cross-contamination prevention protocols, and to triage dental treatments to meet the needs of patients during the pandemic. We used PRISMA to identify peer-reviewed publications which supplemented guidance from the center for disease control about infection control and guidelines for dentists. Dentists must triage dental treatments to meet the needs of patients during the pandemic. The ongoing pandemic has changed the practice of dentistry forever, the changes make it more cumbersome, time-consuming, and costly due to the possible pathways of transmission and mitigation steps needed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Dental chairside rapid tests for SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. Until then, dentists need to screen patients for COVID-19 even though 75% of people with COVID-19 have no symptoms. Despite the widespread anxiety and fear of the devastating health effects of COVID-19, only 61% of dentists have implemented a change to their treatment protocols. As an urgent matter of public health, all dentists must identify the additional steps they can take to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The most effective steps to stop the pandemic in dental offices are to; vaccinate all dentists, staff, and patients; triage dental treatments for patients, separate vulnerable patients, separate COVID-19 patients, prevent cross-contamination, disinfect areas touched by patients, maintain social distancing, and change personal protective equipment between patients. 相似文献
18.
It has been more than a year since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged. Many studies have provided insights into the various aspects of the immune response in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Especially for antibody treatment and vaccine development, humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has been studied extensively, though there is still much that is unknown and controversial. Here, we introduce key discoveries on the humoral immune responses in COVID-19, including the immune dynamics of antibody responses and correlations with disease severity, neutralizing antibodies and their cross-reactivity, how long the antibody and memory B-cell responses last, aberrant autoreactive antibodies generated in COVID-19 patients, and the efficacy of currently available therapeutic antibodies and vaccines against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, and highlight gaps in the current knowledge. 相似文献
19.
Jiamnin Liu Fan Lu Yinghua Chen Edward Plow Jun Qin 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2022,298(3)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is broadly accepted that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes its spike protein to recognize the extracellular domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter cells for viral infection. However, other mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry may occur. We show quantitatively that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein also binds to the extracellular domain of broadly expressed integrin α5β1 with an affinity comparable to that of SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2. More importantly, we provide direct evidence that such binding promotes the internalization of SARS-CoV-2 into non-ACE2 cells in a manner critically dependent upon the activation of the integrin. Our data demonstrate an alternative pathway for the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that upon initial ACE2-mediated invasion of the virus in the respiratory system, which is known to trigger an immune response and secretion of cytokines to activate integrin, the integrin-mediated cell invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the respiratory system and other organs becomes effective, thereby promoting further infection and progression of COVID-19. 相似文献
20.
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an ongoing pandemic disease. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses have been detected and characterized not only in COVID-19 patients and convalescents, but also unexposed individuals. Here, we review the phenotypes and functions of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients and the relationships between SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses and COVID-19 severity. In addition, we describe the phenotypes and functions of SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells after recovery from COVID-19 and discuss the presence of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in unexposed individuals and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses elicited by COVID-19 vaccines. A better understanding of T-cell responses is important for effective control of the current COVID-19 pandemic. 相似文献