吗啡对新生鼠尾核神经元钾离子通道电流的作用

目的 :研究吗啡对新生鼠尾核神经元钾离子通道电流的作用。方法 :应用全细胞膜片钳技术在培养的尾核神经元上 ,观察吗啡急性与慢性处理对尾核神经元电压门控钾离子通道电流的影响。结果 :吗啡急性处理尾核神经元诱发钾离子通道电流增大 ,电流从加吗啡前的 (2 .6± 0 .4 )nA增高到 (3.3± 0 .5 )nA ,加纳洛酮后电流下降为 (2 .4± 0 .4 )nA ;吗啡慢性处理尾核神经元的钾离子通道电流从对照组的 (2 .6± 0 .4 )nA增高到 (3.1± 0 .5 )nA ,加纳洛酮后电流下降为 (2 .4± 0 .4 )nA。结论 :在吗啡急性或慢性处理尾核神经元后 ,吗啡经 μ受体介导 ,诱发尾核神经元钾离子通道电流增大 ,使神经元处于超极化状态 ,导致神经元活动的抑制     

Effects of neurotensin on caudate nucleus protein phosphorylation.

The tridecapeptide, neurotensin (NT), is heterogenously distributed in the mammalian central nervous system and exhibits many neurotransmitter-like characteristics. However, the molecular mechanisms of NT signal transduction remain obscure. In this report, we demonstrate NT-induced stimulation of specific protein substrate phosphorylation in the rat caudate nucleus. Rat caudate nucleus was dissected, a P2 fraction prepared and proteins phosphorylated in vitro with [32P]ATP for 1 min. Phosphorylated proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and autoradiograms prepared. NT preincubation in the absence of calcium resulted in markedly increased phosphorylation in vitro of proteins with apparent molecular weights of 80,000 and 50,000. These effects were not observed if calcium was present during the NT preincubation period. Both calcium and cAMP enhanced phosphorylation of the 80 kDa protein, but phosphorylation of the 50 kDa protein was responsive only to calcium.     

Oxytocin in the rat caudate nucleus influences pain modulation

Our previous studies have demonstrated that oxytocin (OXT) in the central nervous system plays a role in pain modulation. Many studies have found that caudate nucleus (CdN) enriches OXT and OXT receptors by the methods of historadioautograph and gene expression. The communication was designed to investigate OXT effect in the rat CdN on pain modulation. The results showed that (1) intra-CdN microinjection of OXT receptor antagonist, desGly-NH₂, d(CH₂)₅[d-Tyr₂, Thr-sup-4]OVT decreased the pain threshold, whereas the local administration of OXT increased the pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner; (2) OXT receptor antagonist can attenuate the analgesic role induced intra-CdN administration of OXT; and (3) pain stimulation could increase OXT concentration in the CdN perfusion liquid. The data suggested that OXT in the CdN was involved in this pain process via OXT receptors.     

Effects of iontophoretic 5-hydroxytryptamine on the unitary discharge frequency of caudate nucleus neurons in the rat

Microiontophoretic application of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on rat caudate nucleus neurons has both facilitatory and inhibitory effects on the discharge frequency of the neurons; in many cases 5-HT has a two-phase action. An analysis was made of the behaviour of facilitatory and inhibitory responses in time considering the mean firing rate variations during and after 5-HT iontophoretic release. The experimental results were statistically elaborated.     

Observations on the cellular localization of dopamine in the caudate nucleus of the rat

Summary The cellular localization of dopamine in the caudate nucleus of the rat hat been studied with the highly sensitive and specific fluorescence method of Falck and Hillarp, and by electron microscopy. The histochemical studies provided strong support for the view that the dopamine is concentrated within very fine nerve fibres which have abundant varicosities with an intense fluorescence. The electron microscopical studies revealed the presence of a tightly packed plexus built up i.a. of abundant synaptic nerve terminals, many of which had a diameter below 0.4 . The terminals made synaptic contact mainly with processes that seemed to belong to an extensive dendrite net.The investigation was supported by research grants from the United States Public Health Service (02854-04), The Swedish Medical Research Council and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation.     

Participation of the rat caudate nucleus in the immunostimulating effect of DAGO

The data obtained suggest that administration of the DAGO increased the number of plaque- and rosette-forming cells after immunisation with the sheep red blood cells in the sham-operated Wistar rats. Following destruction of the caudate nucleus, the DAGO administration prevented the immune activation. Bilateral destruction of the caudate nucleus resulted in a considerable inhibition of the immune response as compared with the control rats. Thereupon the caudate nucleus seems to be involved in realisation of the DAGO-induced immune activation.     

Amphetamine-stimulated release of endogenous dopamine from the rat caudate nucleus in vivo

The in vivo release of endogenous dopamine (DA) has been measured from the rat caudate nucleus. A push-pull cannula was implanted into the brain and the tissue was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing amphetamine in concentrations ranging from 5 X 10(-3) to 5 X 10(-7) M. The DA released into the perfusate was determined by a radioenzymatic procedure. DA release was increased to levels significantly above its resting rate by amphetamine concentrations of 5 X 10(-6) M or greater. Release stimulated by 5 X 10(-5) M amphetamine was significantly reduced by removing calcium from the perfusing fluid; the unstimulated release rate was not significantly affected. The concentrations of amphetamine required to increase DA release in vivo would appear to be similar to those found in the brain following intraperitoneal doses which produce increases in locomotor activity and stereotyped behavior.     

Uptake ofpara-tyramine andmeta-tyramine into slices of the caudate nucleus and hypothalamus of the rat

The kinetics of the uptake ofp-tyramine,m-tyramine, and dopamine were investigated in slices of the hypothalamus and striatum of the rat in the presence of nialamide. When uptake was analyzed by a least-squares fit to a Lineweaver-Burk plot, each amine appeared to be concentrated by both a low-affinity and a high-affinity system in both brain regions. The obtainedK _m andV _max values for the high-affinity uptake system for each amine in both brain regions were similar. In general terms, the uptake systems in the striatum exhibited largerK _m andV _max values, with the velocity of uptake being in the order dopamine>m-tyramine>p-tyramine. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) and ouabain reduced all uptakes in the caudate, but reduced only the high-affinity uptake ofm-tyramine and the low-affinity uptake of dopamine in the hypothalamus.     

Primary cultures of human caudate nucleus

It is possible to grow functional primary dissociated cultures and explants from stereotactic biopsies of human parkinsonian caudate nuclei. Two major classes of cells were identified on morphological grounds. The culture cells appear to be stimulated by an unidentified soluble factor(s) obtained from human fetal neuronal cells in vitro. Culture of primary neuronal and glial cells from human adult cerebral nuclei seems to be a useful tool for several research purposes and in particular for studying both trophic factor action and target effects on afferent neurons for prospective human brain grafting.     

Effects of aging on vasoconstrictor and mechanical properties of rat skeletal muscle arterioles

Exercise capacity and skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise are reduced with advancing age. This reduction in blood flow capacity may be related to increased reactivity of skeletal muscle resistance vessels to vasoconstrictor stimuli. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that aging results in increased vasoconstrictor responses of skeletal muscle resistance arterioles. First-order (1A) arterioles (90-220 microm) from the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of young (4 mo) and aged (24 mo) Fischer-344 rats were isolated, cannulated, and pressurized via hydrostatic reservoirs. Vasoconstriction in response to increases in norepinephrine (NE; 1 x 10(-9)-1 x 10(-4) M) and KCl (20-100 mM) concentrations and increases in intraluminal pressure (10-130 cmH(2)O) were evaluated in the absence of flow. Responses to NE and KCl were similar in both soleus and gastrocnemius muscle arterioles from young and aged rats. In contrast, active myogenic responses to changes in intraluminal pressure were diminished in soleus and gastrocnemius arterioles from aged rats. To assess whether alterations in the mechanical properties of resistance arterioles underlie altered myogenic responsiveness, passive diameter responses to pressure and mechanical stiffness were evaluated. There was no effect of age on the structural behavior (passive pressure-diameter relationship) or stiffness of arterioles from either the soleus or gastrocnemius muscles. These results suggest that aging does not result in a nonspecific decrease in vasoconstrictor responsiveness of skeletal muscle arterioles. Rather, aging-induced adaptations of vasoreactivity of resistance arterioles appear to be limited to mechanisms that are uniquely involved in the signaling of the myogenic response.     

Ecto-ATPase and ecto-ATP-diphosphohydrolase are co-localized in rat hippocampal and caudate nucleus synaptic plasma membranes

Enzymes that hydrolyze extracellular ATP, i.e. ecto-ATPase and ecto-ATP diphosphohydrolase (ATPDase), can be differentiated by ability of the latter to hydrolyze ADP and by slightly different kinetic properties of the two enzymes. Synaptic plasma membrane fractions isolated from rat hippocampus and caudate nucleus exhibit ADP-hydrolyzing activity, as revealed by the enzyme assay, and the presence of ecto-ATPase protein, as revealed by immunological identification on Western blot. These findings indicate that both enzymes are co-expressed in the synaptic membrane compartment of hippocampal and caudate nucleus neurons. Kinetic analysis was performed to determine the relative contribution of each enzyme to the total ATP-hydrolyzing activity, while an inhibition study was carried out in order to exclude the interference of other nonspecific ATPase and phosphatase activities. Based on the kinetic properties, sensitivity to inhibitors and V(ATP)/V(ADP) ratio of about 2, we concluded that a substantial portion of ATP-hydrolyzing activity in both synaptic membrane preparations can be ascribed to the catalytic action of ATPDase. On the other hand, the highest catalytic efficacy when ATP is the substrate and the greater abundance of ecto-ATPase protein in caudate nucleus preparation suggest that the relative contribution of ecto-ATPase to the total ATP-hydrolyzing activity in the caudate nucleus is higher than in the hippocampus.     

Alimentary conditioned reflex behavior in the rat following injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens

In Wistar rats with degenerated dopaminergic terminals of the caudate and accumbens nuclei (administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, 30 mcg, bilaterally), an alimentary conditioned reflex was elaborated in a T-maze. Degeneration of the caudate nucleus terminals disturbed the elaboration, while degeneration of N. accumbens terminals did not affect the learning.