Epidemiology of bacillary dysentery in Algeria. II. The seasonality of dysentery

Morbidity rises during the period of summer and autumn are characteristic of bacterial dysentery in Algeria. During the last 18 years no essential changes in the seasonal character of bacterial dysentery were observed in the country taken as a whole. However, in different climatic and geographical zones of the country the seasonal character of dysentery greatly varies from one zone to another and essentially differs from the seasonal character of dysentery morbidity, typical of the country as a whole for many years. The most pronounced manifestations of seasonal rises are observed in the Sahara zone. The seasonal character of dysentery is formed mainly by morbidity among patients belonging to 3 age groups. The seasonal rises of dysentery can be probably explained by the complex of social and climatic factors, as well as by the biological features of the causative agents of this disease.     

Shigella-specific IgA in saliva of children with bacillary dysentery

Abstract To study the secretory immune response after Shigella infection, the anti-lipopolysaccharide and anti-Shiga-toxin response in saliva, obtained from children with confirmed shigellosis and healthy children, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by Western blot. Children with infection showed high titers compared to healthy controls. After Shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection a significant change in titer could be observed in a large number of cases, in contrast to Shigella flexneri infection. It appeared that, in children living in endemic areas, infection with one serotype can give a rise in antibody titer to another serotype. This could be ascribed to polyclonal B cell activation since children in endemic areas routinely show relatively high titers to Shigella antigens. We conclude that the dynamics of salivary anti- Shigella LPS and anti-Shiga-toxin in children with dysentery indicate that it can be applied to studies of immune response in shigelosis for epidemiological and vaccination purposes.     

小儿细菌性痢疾临床特点及病原学分析

目的 了解蚌埠医学院第一附属医院近3年小儿急性细菌性痢疾的临床特点、致病菌群分布以及耐药情况.为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据.方法 对2010年1月至2012年12月收住该院儿科的44例急性细菌性痢疾患儿为研究对象,对患儿的一般资料、症状、血常规、生化常规以及病原菌的分型以及耐药性情况的临床特点及药敏结果进行回顾性分析.结果 小儿细菌性痢疾多流行于5～11月,以1～6岁患儿高发.病例多以普通型为主,偶有中毒型.脓血便已不是细菌性痢疾的典型表现.血液学检测白细胞增高,中性粒细胞,C反应蛋白明显增高.福氏志贺菌是主要流行菌群.志贺菌属对头孢唑啉、氨苄青霉素几乎全部耐药,对喹诺酮类以及氨基糖苷类以及头孢曲松的耐药率也较高,对哌拉西林他唑巴坦、头孢派酮舒巴坦则全部敏感.结论 小儿细菌性痢疾临床表现亦趋于不典型和多样化,尽早做大便培养以明确.在治疗上应当首选含有β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的复方制剂.     

Epidemiology of bacillary dysentery in Algeria. I. The epidemiological aspects of dysentery in Algeria

Bacterial dysentery plays an important role among infectious diseases in Algeria. A tendency to the growth of the morbidity rate has been observed. Dysentery is irregularly spread in different zones of the country. The highest morbidity rate is registered in the Sahara zone and in the eastern part of the country. The morbidity rate among the urban population is higher than among the rural population. S. flexneri prevail in the etiological structure of dysentery infection. Of all age groups, the highest morbidity rate is observed among children during the first 2 years of life. In recent years lethality varies between 2.9% and 7.5%. Patients are hospitalized mainly on the basis of clinical symptoms.