基于移动云的急救医疗信息协同平台设计

现代急救医疗要求在正确的时间和地点,将正确的信息交接给正确的人,因此建立一套覆盖急救医疗全程,既能满足单一环节信息支持,又能满足各环节信息协同的管理平台,对提高城市急救能力及重大灾难救援能力起着重要作用。但由于急救医疗服务具有涉及部门多、参与人员多、流转过程多、地域跨度大的特点,信息交互共享涉及不同系统间的信息标准和规范、异构信息系统间的互操作性、跨机构系统间的信息协同等问题,因此具有很大的实施难度。文章探讨利用移动云技术构建低成本、高效率、高安全性的分布式信息资源整合方案,实现各类信息跨业务系统、跨机构、跨地域的在线存储、创建、编辑、共享及协同管理。     

协同生态学

1.协同生态学定义协同生态学是以系统科学,尤其是协同学为基础研究协同生物体和基本生态组元的形成、发展和改建的科学。它包括两部分的内容:基础协同生态学和协同生态工程学。基础协同生态学主要研究:(1)生态     

保护地区域经济建设与生态保护协同发展路线图: 以三江源地区为例

针对我国在开展保护地系统规划过程中, 缺乏基于生态系统服务协同权衡关系量化研究的保护地区域经济建设与生态保护协同发展路线图绘制方法, 无法科学合理地规划其区域协同发展措施的时序安排等问题。本研究选取具有代表性的生态系统服务, 识别其协同权衡度量化经济建设与生态保护的协同权衡关系及致因, 据此提出近期、中期、远期各阶段发展目标, 进一步围绕发展目标分阶段从规模结构、工程技术、政策制度等方面提出协同发展措施, 设计协同发展路线图。三江源地区案例研究结果表明, 其经济与生态间仍处于权衡状态, 主要原因是人类对自然资源的索取速率超过了资源的更新速率, 将近期(十四五时期)、中期(2026-2030年)、远期(2031-2035年)的发展目标分别设定为总体布局规划、解决实践问题、帮扶落后地区, 提出包括社会经济发展结构规模优化调整、国家公园范围与分区动态优化、提高草地动物承载力、降低草地系统利用强度、综合生态补偿机制、可持续替代生计、完善基础设施建设和提升公共服务水平等的协同发展措施, 并绘制协同发展路线图, 为三江源国家公园规划提供了科学依据。     

京津冀城市群区域产业协同的政策格局及评价

产业协同发展是京津冀区域协同发展的三个重点领域之一,科学合理的产业协同政策是加快实现这一发展目标的重要保障。通过对京津冀城市群区域产业协同政策事件的系统梳理,从区域、省际和城际3个尺度解读了产业协同政策的格局及其演进过程,并从新区域主义的管治视角进行了评价。研究认为:(1)京津冀产业协同发展进入了快速发展的机遇期,协同政策极大地推动了区域内跨地产业合作和城市间产业联系,有助于提高城市群整体竞争力;(2)不同空间尺度的产业协同政策关注的重点、发展的方向、演化的特征不同,当前城市间的产业协同政策与区域协同发展目标的关系不明确,产业协同对生态环境的改善尚不显著,亟需加强研究和统筹协调;(3)受城市行政区等级关系和竞争关系的影响,京津冀产业协同政策与市场调节无法实现高度契合统一,与新区域主义的管治理念并不相符,影响科学合理协同政策的制定与实施。研究对当前京津冀区域产业协同发展推进及其政策制定有重要的参考意义。     

生态环境移动数据采集系统研究与实现

针对快速、实时、有效采集并录入生态环境野外调查大样本量、多源数据的需求,充分应用移动GIS技术、移动智能终端、3G等现代信息技术优势,提出了基于ArcGIS for Mobile的移动数据采集方案,研究解决了包括系统运行机制、数据访问模式、移动数据库技术等面向全国生态环境野外调查的移动GIS关键技术,设计并研发野外调查移动数据采集系统。该系统采用C#和Java语言,以SQL Server 2008 为服务器端的数据库环境,在Microsoft Visual Studio 2008集成开发环境上实现设计开发,并在全国生态环境10年变化遥感调查与评估项目土地覆盖类型地面核查、生态系统参数野外观测等工作中予以应用。实践检验表明：该系统实现了野外调查数据的数字采集、智能校验、实时上传与有效管理,简化了填报程序,规范了填报内容,提高了工作效率,能够为生态环境相关的调查数据采集提供信息化支持。     

协同演化概念的发展、使用误区与研究证据

自然选择是生物演化的重要动力,而协同演化的理念使人们认识到,互作物种之间彼此交互的选择也可以驱动物种发生演化.自1964年正式提出以来,协同演化的概念经历了充分的发展与拓展,但使用误区也多种多样;虽然不断有研究验证一些生态互作关系的确是协同演化,但质疑协同演化关系真实性的论断也时有报道.为了理清协同演化概念中存在的认识误区,我们尝试提出避免误区的3条简要准则,即具有互作关系、交互选择、协同系统发生.通过文献计量学分析量化了协同演化概念的发展,显示协同演化概念向非进化生物学领域的迅猛拓展,同时统计结果也揭示了人们对多个易与协同演化概念混淆的术语的使用情况尚在合理的范围.依据生态关系,我们总结了现有的发生协同演化的互作系统及证据;介绍了协同演化的地理镶嵌理论的内容与案例.对协同演化概念的历史梳理、文献计量、证据收集和前沿发展方向的介绍,有助于促进人们对协同演化的深入理解,避免误用术语,期望为后续协同演化方向的研究提供有益的参考.     

视网膜神经节细胞的协同活动以及信息编码

在脊椎动物的视觉系统中,信息的初级处理发生在视网膜.随着多电极记录技术的发展,视网膜神经节细胞的协同活动在不同物种中被广泛地观察到.然而,协同活动在视觉信息处理中的作用还不清楚,并且存在一定的争议.本文回顾了近些年关于视网膜神经节细胞协同活动的相关研究,对协同活动的分类、检测以及生理功能进行讨论.     

CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因组编辑技术

规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)协同其相关蛋白Cas组成了细菌和古细菌的获得性免疫系统。利用该系统可以对外来某一特定单链或双链DNA实施高度特异性沉默或降解的特性,近年来对基因组进行精确定点编辑的CRISPR/Cas系统迅速发展。着重介绍了CRISPR/Cas系统的研究历史、结构、分类及作用机制,并分析讨论了现阶段以Cas9为核心的Ⅱ型系统在应用方面存在的问题及前景。     

军民融合区域协同医疗信息化平台的建设与应用

军民融合区域协同医疗信息化平台的主要功能包括公众服务、医疗机构协同、社区卫生保健、妇幼保健、政府管理决策支持及第三方服务等。信息化平台的应用有效缓解了“看病难、看病贵”的矛盾,推动医疗卫生机构的发展,强化卫生行政部门监管职能,促进了军队卫生事业的发展。     

CRISPR相关转座元件的研究及应用进展

CRISPR-Cas的基因编辑能力引发了人们对该系统的研究热潮。除了实现基因的敲除和插入,CRISPR-Cas系统还可以被应用于基因簇重组、单碱基编辑和基因转录调控,推动了生物工程领域的发展。然而,有限的同源重组效率使CRISPR-Cas系统的应用受到了一定的限制。与CRISPR-Cas系统相比,移动遗传元件(mobile genetic elements,MGE)在转座酶的调控下,不需要依赖同源重组即可将指定DNA片段定向插入到细胞染色体中。近几年,人们发现了具有转座机制的CRISPR相关的转座元件,它可以介导DNA靶向整合,同时其出色的重编程能力为该领域的研究带来了新的发展。本文主要介绍近年来CRISPR-Cas系统相关转座元件的研究方向和应用进展,以及人工融合的dCas9-transposase系统的应用策略。文中还提出了CRISPR相关转座元件未来的应用前景和潜在挑战,为基因编辑工具的发展方向提供了参考意见。     

我国移动医疗应用服务监管刍议

通过阐述移动医疗应用服务的内涵和外延，介绍了其应用领域和优势特点，重点分析了目前我国移动医疗应用服务的发展困境，如应用软件准入门槛低、医生在线执业不合法、移动医疗引发安全风险等问题。同时借鉴美国移动医疗监管模式，从移动医疗立法、主体监管部门、分类管理制度等角度展开探讨，希冀推动移动医疗的蓬勃发展，让人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。     

Design of hierarchical coordination model for ubiquitous application

Our research targets collaborative environments with focus on mobility and teams. This environment comprise a number of people working on multiple tasks and activities simultaneously. As mobile and wireless technology advances people are no longer bound to their offices. Team members are able to collaborate while on the move. So, mobile ubiquitous application can be a best solution to provide a mobility and collaboration for the environment. And the issue must be considered how to coordinate these ubiquitous application seamlessly and efficiently.     

Cancer: improving early detection and prevention. A community practice randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE--To test the impact of physician education and facilitator assisted office system interventions on cancer early detection and preventive services. DESIGN--A randomised trial of two interventions alone and in combination. SETTING AND SUBJECTS--Physicians in 98 ambulatory care practices in the United States. INTERVENTIONS--The education intervention consisted of a day long physician meeting directed at improving knowledge, attitudes, and skills relevant to cancer prevention and early detection. The office system intervention consisted of assistance from a project facilitator in establishing routines for providing needed services. These routines included division of responsibilities for providing services among physicians and their staff and the use of medical record flow sheets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--The proportions of patients provided the cancer prevention and early detection services indicated annually according to the US National Cancer Institute. RESULTS--Based on cross sectional patient surveys, the office system intervention was associated with an increase in mammography, the recommendation to do breast self examination, clinical breast examination, faecal occult blood testing, advice to quit smoking, and the recommendation to decrease dietary fat. Education was associated only with an increase in mammography. Record review for a patient cohort confirmed cross sectional survey findings regarding the office system for mammography and faecal occult blood testing. CONCLUSION--Community practices assisted by a facilitator in the development and implementation of an office system can substantially improve provision of cancer early detection and preventive services.     

Interactive plant identification based on social image data

Speeding up the collection and integration of raw botanical observation data is a crucial step towards a sustainable development of agriculture and the conservation of biodiversity. Initiated in the context of a citizen sciences project, the main contribution of this paper is an innovative collaborative workflow focused on image-based plant identification as a mean to enlist new contributors and facilitate access to botanical data. Since 2010, hundreds of thousands of geo-tagged and dated plant photographs were collected and revised by hundreds of novice, amateur and expert botanists of a specialized social network. An image-based identification tool – available as both a web and a mobile application – is synchronized with that growing data and allows any user to query or enrich the system with new observations. An important originality is that it works with up to five different organs contrarily to previous approaches that mainly relied on the leaf. This allows querying the system at any period of the year and with complementary images composing a plant observation. Extensive experiments of the visual search engine as well as system-oriented and user-oriented evaluations of the application show that it is already very helpful to determine a plant among hundreds or thousands of species. At the time of writing, the whole framework covers about half of the plant species living in France (2200 species), which already makes it the widest existing automated identification tool (with its imperfections).     

A collaborative brain-computer interface for improving human performance

Electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) have been studied since the 1970s. Currently, the main focus of BCI research lies on the clinical use, which aims to provide a new communication channel to patients with motor disabilities to improve their quality of life. However, the BCI technology can also be used to improve human performance for normal healthy users. Although this application has been proposed for a long time, little progress has been made in real-world practices due to technical limits of EEG. To overcome the bottleneck of low single-user BCI performance, this study proposes a collaborative paradigm to improve overall BCI performance by integrating information from multiple users. To test the feasibility of a collaborative BCI, this study quantitatively compares the classification accuracies of collaborative and single-user BCI applied to the EEG data collected from 20 subjects in a movement-planning experiment. This study also explores three different methods for fusing and analyzing EEG data from multiple subjects: (1) Event-related potentials (ERP) averaging, (2) Feature concatenating, and (3) Voting. In a demonstration system using the Voting method, the classification accuracy of predicting movement directions (reaching left vs. reaching right) was enhanced substantially from 66% to 80%, 88%, 93%, and 95% as the numbers of subjects increased from 1 to 5, 10, 15, and 20, respectively. Furthermore, the decision of reaching direction could be made around 100-250 ms earlier than the subject's actual motor response by decoding the ERP activities arising mainly from the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), which are related to the processing of visuomotor transmission. Taken together, these results suggest that a collaborative BCI can effectively fuse brain activities of a group of people to improve the overall performance of natural human behavior.     

Knowledge sharing and collaboration in translational research, and the DC-THERA Directory

Biomedical research relies increasingly on large collections of data sets and knowledge whose generation, representation and analysis often require large collaborative and interdisciplinary efforts. This dimension of 'big data' research calls for the development of computational tools to manage such a vast amount of data, as well as tools that can improve communication and access to information from collaborating researchers and from the wider community. Whenever research projects have a defined temporal scope, an additional issue of data management arises, namely how the knowledge generated within the project can be made available beyond its boundaries and life-time. DC-THERA is a European 'Network of Excellence' (NoE) that spawned a very large collaborative and interdisciplinary research community, focusing on the development of novel immunotherapies derived from fundamental research in dendritic cell immunobiology. In this article we introduce the DC-THERA Directory, which is an information system designed to support knowledge management for this research community and beyond. We present how the use of metadata and Semantic Web technologies can effectively help to organize the knowledge generated by modern collaborative research, how these technologies can enable effective data management solutions during and beyond the project lifecycle, and how resources such as the DC-THERA Directory fit into the larger context of e-science.     

Multi-purpose HealthCare Telemedicine Systems with mobile communication link support

The provision of effective emergency telemedicine and home monitoring solutions are the major fields of interest discussed in this study. Ambulances, Rural Health Centers (RHC) or other remote health location such as Ships navigating in wide seas are common examples of possible emergency sites, while critical care telemetry and telemedicine home follow-ups are important issues of telemonitoring. In order to support the above different growing application fields we created a combined real-time and store and forward facility that consists of a base unit and a telemedicine (mobile) unit. This integrated system: can be used when handling emergency cases in ambulances, RHC or ships by using a mobile telemedicine unit at the emergency site and a base unit at the hospital-expert's site, enhances intensive health care provision by giving a mobile base unit to the ICU doctor while the telemedicine unit remains at the ICU patient site and enables home telemonitoring, by installing the telemedicine unit at the patient's home while the base unit remains at the physician's office or hospital. The system allows the transmission of vital biosignals (3–12 lead ECG, SPO2, NIBP, IBP, Temp) and still images of the patient. The transmission is performed through GSM mobile telecommunication network, through satellite links (where GSM is not available) or through Plain Old Telephony Systems (POTS) where available. Using this device a specialist doctor can telematically "move" to the patient's site and instruct unspecialized personnel when handling an emergency or telemonitoring case. Due to the need of storing and archiving of all data interchanged during the telemedicine sessions, we have equipped the consultation site with a multimedia database able to store and manage the data collected by the system. The performance of the system has been technically tested over several telecommunication means; in addition the system has been clinically validated in three different countries using a standardized medical protocol.     

外来物种入侵大数据采集方法的建立与应用

为准确、快速地获取入侵生物野外调查数据, 我们基于全球卫星导航系统、地理信息系统、移动互联网等现代信息技术提出了外来物种入侵大数据采集方法, 设计并研发了数据表单可自定义的野外调查工具软件——云采集。该系统以Android手机为数据采集终端, 采用C#和Java语言设计开发, 运用卫星导航定位技术实现野外调查发生位置的快速采集, 通过定义9种调查指标的数据类型及指标(列值)默认值、图像拍摄、语音录入、排序等4个辅助属性, 建立调查指标与手机客户端数据录入界面的关联, 实现用户界面可定制的数据录入模式。该系统在国家重点研发项目、福建省科技重大专项及福建省红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)疫情普查等项目的调查任务中予以应用。实践检验表明: 该系统实现了野外调查数据的离线采集、数据同步、数据查询与输出管理, 将移动智能终端采集取代传统的纸笔记录, 简化了野外调查的流程, 提高了入侵生物野外调查的数据质量, 为外来生物入侵野外调查大数据采集提供了信息化支持。     

基于微信公众平台的文献定制服务

文献学习是科研人员跟踪领域进展,思考课题发展的必要途径。为了解决移动端跟踪文献的繁琐问题,本文借助移动互联网即时性、便捷性、个性化等特性,开发了基于微信公众平台的文献定制服务。该服务通过解析用户输入,动态匹配自构建的期刊名表,索引Pub Med数据库,实现期刊个性化订阅、文献查询、影响因子查询等便捷功能。对于提高科研人员的文献学习效率,降低追踪文献的时间成本具有较大的价值。