基于Malmquist指数的北京二级中医医院运行效率研究

目的 分析北京市13家二级中医医院总体运行效率及中医服务提供运行效率现状,探索其影响因素并为医院决策提供建议。方法 采用描述性统计分析方法描述各项指标的基本情况,采用数据包络分析Malmquist指数模型分析运行效率及变化趋势。结果 2012—2013年10家医院总体全要素生产率上升,6家医院中医服务全要素生产率上升;2013—2014年8家医院总体全要素生产率上升,4家医院中医服务全要素生产率上升。结论 近3年二级中医医院中医服务效率略低于总体运行效率,二级中医医院中医服务技术进步缓慢,效率降低为全要素生产率降低的主要原因。

     

基于Malmquist模型的北京市中医医院运行效率分析

目的 分析北京市中医医院运行效率现状并对三级、二级中医医院进行对比分析,探索其影响因素并为医院决策提供建议。方法 采用描述性统计分析方法描述各项指标基本情况,采用数据包络分析Malmquist指数模型分析运行效率及变化趋势。结果 2012—2013年9家三级医院全要素生产率上升,10家二级医院全要素生产率上升;2013—2014年6家三级医院全要素生产率上升,8家二级医院全要素生产率上升。结论 近三年二级中医医院运行效率高于三级医院运行效率;三级医院运行效率差异明显,二级医院技术与效率同步提高;技术进步为医院运行效率提高有利因素;效率降低为医院运行效率降低主要原因。     

广东省县级公立医院改革试点医院效率分析

目的 评价县级公立医院综合改革试点医院服务体系运营效率。方法 以广东省第一批县级公立医院综合改革试点医院为研究对象,运用DEA-Malmquist指数法分析其全要素生产率及其分解因素的变化趋势。结果 2012—2015年广东第一批县级公立医院改革试点医院全要素生产率平均下降1.6%,技术进步下降2.4%,技术效率增长0.8%。纯技术效率和规模效率年平均增长率分别为0.5%和0.2%;跨年度全要素生产率由0.951上,升到1.004。结论 广东省县级公立医院全要素生产率有待提高,需补足技术短板,从而提高整体运营效率。     

基于Malmquist指数的我国省际医院生产效率分析

目的 分析我国医院效率的动态变化及来源。方法 利用马奎斯特指数及分解。结果 2010—2014年间我国医院的马奎斯特指数呈上升趋势。结论 目前我国医院的全要素生产率改善主要来自纯技术效率的变化,说明我国医院逐步从以前粗放式发展阶段迈向精耕细作的新阶段,规模效率大于1,表明组建医药集团经营的可行性。     

补偿机制改革对公立医院产出效率的影响 ——基于县级中医医院的实证研究

目的 对补偿机制改革前后江苏省县级中医医院产出效率进行评价,并考察导致效率变化的相关因素。方法 随机前沿分析方法分析县级中医医院产出效率,Tobit回归方法分析不同影响因素对产出效率的影响。结果 江苏省县级中医院产出效率较低,补偿机制改革导致县级中医院效率出现进一步下降;费用模型、支出模型和收入模型的回归分析表明不同因素对县级中医院产出效率的影响。结论 优化县级中医院补偿策略,调整收支结构,加大中医医疗服务补偿力度。     

武汉市医院效率动态变化的Malmquist指数分析

目的 了解武汉市医院2006—2008年3年间运行效率变化的情况,找出引起其效率变化的原因,有针对性地采取措施,以提高医院的整体效率。方法 通过Malmquist指数法分析了武汉市23家医院3年间的全要素生产率、技术效率、技术变化等方面的变化趋势。结果 23家医院全要素生产率普遍下降主要是由于技术退步所致,医院的纯技术效率和规模效率趋于稳定,发挥的促进作用较小。结论 医院不但需要提高管理水平、引进先进的管理模式、控制合适的规模以保证技术效率的提高;更应引进人才,加强技术培训与进修,鼓励医务人员在诊疗技术、诊疗过程上有所创新,以此来提高医疗技术水平,进而提升医院的运行效率。

     

湖南省地市级三级综合医院运行效率及变动研究

目的 分析湖南省13家地市级三级综合医院的运行效率及变动状况,为医院提高效率和生产率提供决策依据。方法 收集湖南省13家地市级三级综合医院2013—2014年的投入产出指标,选取适宜指标构建DEA效率评价模型,利用BC²模型和超效率模型计算样本医院各年度运行效率及排序,再利用Malmquist指数分析跨期效率变动情况。结果 2013年4家样本医院技术效率有效,9家无效,4家处于规模报酬固定阶段,1家处于规模报酬递增阶段,8家处于规模报酬递减阶段;2014年5家样本医院技术效率有效,8家无效,6家处于规模报酬固定阶段,7家处于规模报酬递减阶段。2013—2014年12家样本医院生产率有所改善,仅1家有所下降。结论 样本医院规模效率普遍高于技术效率,不同医院的纯技术效率存在较大差异,由外延式规模发展转为内涵式精益发展是地市级公立医院的必然选择。     

基于DEA的全国中医医院卫生资源配置效率评价

目的 对2003—2014年全国中医医院卫生资源配置效率进行比较研究,探讨其投入、产出是否适当及存在问题,寻找有效的措施和途径以进一步优化其卫生资源配置。方法 利用数据包络分析的理论和方法,对全国中医医院的卫生资源配置进行横向分析和纵向分析评价。结果 数据包络分析横向评估中,卫生资源配置效率存在地区差异;数据包络分析纵向评估中,2003－2014年全国中医医院卫生资源配置综合效率总体稳定,规模效益递减。结论 统筹规划,重点加强弱势地区中医医院的医疗卫生服务体系建设。     

辽宁省县级公立医院改革对医院收入和服务影响分析

目的 分析辽宁省县级公立医院改革对医院收入和服务的影响。方法 选取2013年第二批县级试点医院,采用描述性分析、t检验、秩和检验,对比医院改革前后收入和服务的变化。结果 试点医院收入结构有所改善,医师人均收入略有增加,服务量和服务效率提升,门诊和住院费用有所降低;药占比仍有下降空间。结论 改革后试点医院整体上经济运行平稳,收入结构进一步优化,但服务效率和费用负担需不断改善。     

基于循证评价的现代化综合性中医院医疗质量评价指标体系的建立

目的 建立一套科学合理、量化可比、简便易行的现代化综合性中医院医疗质量评价指标体系。方法 对我国现有的医疗质量评价的文献进行循证分析,按循证医学的标准和引用频率提取综合性医院的共性指标和中医院特有的非共性指标,从而拟定指标体系草案。运用德尔菲法,进行3轮专家咨询,采用相乘模型的综合指数法筛选指标,用层次分析法和比例分配法确定指标权重。结果 指标体系由5个一级指标、23个二级指标构成,其中反映中医院特色的二级指标6个,占26%。结论 整套指标体系既有医院的共性指标,又强调了综合性中医院的特性指标,既能突出中医医疗质量管理与质量控制的特色,又能结合中医医院现代化发展的需要。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.