湖北省县级公立医院改革试点医院财务收支状况分析

目的 通过分析湖北省县级公立医院改革试点医院财务收支现状及存在的问题,为更好地推动县级公立医院改革提供理论基础和行动指南。方法 采用现场调研方法收集湖北省35个县级公立医院改革试点医院的财政收入、支出和盈余等相关数据,运用描述性统计方法研究财务收支现状及其变化发展趋势。结果 (1)财政投入不足; (2)取消药品加成取得初效,但仍需加强;(3)县级公立医院欠费问题严峻;（4）中医院创收能力较弱;（5）总体收支结余增长过快。结论 针对县级公立医院财务存在的问题提出落实政府投入政策,建立市场调节型的多元化融资机制,优化中医院创收结构和核心竞争力,落实各种欠费的管理措施,加强县级公立医院预算管理。     

湖北省县级公立医院改革试点医院人力资源配置分析

??????? 目的 了解县级公立医院改革试点医院人力资源配置现状,为合理配置县级公立医院人力资源提供依据。方法 采用现场问卷调查的方法对湖北省12家县级公立医院的960名医护人员进行调查,并对结果进行描述性统计和Spearman秩相关分析 。结果 (1)县级公立医院人力资源数量低于全国平均水平; (2)县级公立医院规模扩张,但是人力资源补给不足;(3)医务人员素质偏低。结论 宏观调控县级公立医院人力资源、促进县级医院的人才引进和培养、增强人力资源质量建设,以提高县级公立医院医疗服务水平。     

安徽省县级公立医院参与远程会诊情况调查分析

目的 分析安徽省县级公立医院信息化基本建设情况、医务人员参加远程会诊的意愿及其影响因素,为推进远程会诊持续发展提供意见。方法 通过文献复习,初步设计了远程会诊调查表,以无记名方式对安徽省8家开展远程会诊的县级公立医院进行调查。结果 （1）8家县级医院的信息化建设各不相同。（2）8家县级医院医务人员对远程会诊知晓率为76.2%。（3）对远程会诊相关问题理解不同,使用远程会诊意愿也不用。结论 从提高县级医院信息化平台建设,加强远程会诊宣传工作,以点带面,推进远程会诊发展,创新远程会诊服务模式等方面入手,提高县级公立医院和医务人员的参与度。     

陕西省县级公立医院经济运行与发展状况分析

目的 从医疗服务能力、财务收支及资产负债情况等角度,分析陕西省县级公立医院2009—2013年经济运行及发展状况,发现取得成绩及存在问题。方法 采集2009—2013年陕西省卫生计生财务年报,采用比较分析法、描述性统计、定性与定量相结合等方法对全省210家县级公立医院经济运行相关数据进行分析。结果 陕西省县级公立医院医疗服务数量逐年增加,医疗服务效率不断提高;财务收支状况良好,收支结构日趋合理;资产及负债规模逐年同步扩大。结论 陕西省县级公立医院存在政府财政投入不足、债务负担沉重、偿债能力不足等问题,但药品零差率政策效果显现。     

西安市公立医院偿债能力评价研究

目的 了解医院的偿债能力状况,制订合理的医院偿债能力评价方案,比较不同类别、不同级别医院偿债能力有无差异。方法 采用主成分分析综合评价医院的偿债能力,采用方差分析比较3种不同类别医院的偿债能力有无差异,采用t检验比较2种不同级别医院的偿债能力有无差异。结果 得出28所医院的偿债能力综合得分及排序,综合医院和中医院的偿债能力有显著差异,二级医院和三级医院的偿债能力差异不显著。结论 主成分分析能够比较全面地评价医院的偿债能力,不同类别医院偿债能力之间的差异提示政府部门对此应采取相应对策。     

县级公立医院薪酬水平感知及满意度影响因素分析

目的 探讨县级公立医院薪酬水平感知和满意度的影响因素。方法 采用调查问卷对县级公立医院员工进行现场调查,利用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行Logistic回归分析。结果 Logistic回归分析发现,员工薪酬水平感知受到个体的工作年限、岗位类别、职称、是否在编、每周工作时间和医院的级别6个因素的影响。薪酬水平满意度受到个体的工作年限、科室类别、每周工作时间和医院级别4个因素的影响。结论 县级公立医院员工薪酬水平感知和满意度偏低。完善员工的职称晋升机制,完善薪酬设计,建立向临床一线超负荷工作者倾斜、体现岗位价值的薪酬政策,实现同工同酬是提高员工薪酬水平感知和满意度的可行选择。     

县级公立医院综合改革效果评价指标体系研究

目的 通过构建符合该省实际情况的县级公立医院综合改革效果评价指标体系,对县级公立医院综合改革效果进行评价。方法 利用德尔菲法结合模糊综合评价法建立县级公立医院综合改革效果评价指标体系,并运用TOPSIS法对选取的样本医院进行评价。结果 建立县级公立医院综合改革效果评价指标体系,包含一级指标3个、二级指标7个、三级指标27个。结论 建立县级公立医院综合改革效果评价指标体系,为县级公立医院改革政策的进一步完善提供理论基础与导向。     

浙江省县级公立医院改革试点医院收支状况分析

目的 分析浙江省县级公立医院综合改革的施行对县级公立医院收支状况的影响。 方法 收集浙江省2011年12月启动改革的5个县（市）22家医院2011-2013年上半年的收入和支出数据,对定量资料采用描述性统计分析。结果 县级公立医院综合改革实施后,医院收入结构变化明显,一方面政府财政[1]补助额度逐年提高,财政补助占医院总收入的比例上升;另一方面,药品收入占医疗收入的比例逐年下降,药品收支结余对医院的补偿能力逐步减弱。结论 浙江省县级公立医院在改革实施后,依托合理的医疗服务调价手段和政府财政的有力支持,县级公立医院改革平稳推进。
     

辽宁省县级公立医院改革对医院收入和服务影响分析

目的 分析辽宁省县级公立医院改革对医院收入和服务的影响。方法 选取2013年第二批县级试点医院,采用描述性分析、t检验、秩和检验,对比医院改革前后收入和服务的变化。结果 试点医院收入结构有所改善,医师人均收入略有增加,服务量和服务效率提升,门诊和住院费用有所降低;药占比仍有下降空间。结论 改革后试点医院整体上经济运行平稳,收入结构进一步优化,但服务效率和费用负担需不断改善。     

县级公立医院药品零加成后补偿机制研究 ——基于系统动力学建模原理

目的 探索县级医院药品零加成后补偿机制模型并提出相应的政策建议。方法 依据系统动力学建模原理,采用Vensim仿真模拟软件建立县级公立医院补偿机制的模型,模拟药品零加成后医院的发展和运营情况。结果 药品零加成政策实施的头3年,适当调整医疗服务项目收费标准,使其弥补57%的药品收入减少的损失,并且现有的政府财政投入增长率达到23.7%,医院的总收益增长可保持平衡。结论 建立完善的补偿机制,适当提高部分体现医务人员劳务价值医疗服务项目收费标准,同时加强相关部门监管和政策的落实力度。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418