北京市公立医院法人治理结构改革的外部环境分析

从公立医院法人治理结构改革的市场环境、筹资支付系统和政府监管三方面探讨改革的动力和阻力。动力来自社会需求、医药卫生体制改革的目标和发展方向及医疗服务市场的完善,阻力来自于公立医院所处的市场地位,优质资源的不足和尚未理顺的管理体制和机制。

     

湖北省县级公立医院综合改革试点医院运行效率评价

目的 评价湖北省县级公立医院综合改革试点医院运行效率,为后续改革提供相应政策建议。方法 运用数据包络方法,分别使用CCR、BCC模型测量2014年湖北省73家县级公立医院运行效率。结果 总体有效的医院有15家（20.5%）,平均总体效率值是0.814;技术有效的医院有33家（45.2%）,规模有效的医院15家（20.5%）;规模报酬递增的有4家（5.5%）,规模报酬递减的有54家（74.0%）。结论 湖北省县级公立医院总体效率有待提高,特别是需进一步控制医院规模,从而提高整体运行效率。     

公立医院治理制度改革的利益相关者识别分析

目的 准确识别公立医院治理制度变革涉及的各利益相关者,厘清各方之间的关系和地位,推进公立医院治理制度改革。方法 采用文献综述法、政策法规分析法和专家访谈法,采访地方行政官员、医院管理者和临床医生等共15人,列举分析各个利益相关者的类型和改革中的职权变化。结果 公立医院治理制度改革涉及14个利益相关者,改革的推进会导致各利益相关方工作量的增加或权益的减少,改革比较复杂,难度较大。结论 利益相关者在公立医院治理制度改革中的力量不容小觑,行政决策首脑必须明确改革的方向,描绘清晰的愿景,设立权威联系人,建立联动机制,设立改革专项经费,补偿各利益相关者的额外劳务,才能保证改革的可行性。     

湖北省县级公立医院改革试点医院人力资源配置分析

??????? 目的 了解县级公立医院改革试点医院人力资源配置现状,为合理配置县级公立医院人力资源提供依据。方法 采用现场问卷调查的方法对湖北省12家县级公立医院的960名医护人员进行调查,并对结果进行描述性统计和Spearman秩相关分析 。结果 (1)县级公立医院人力资源数量低于全国平均水平; (2)县级公立医院规模扩张,但是人力资源补给不足;(3)医务人员素质偏低。结论 宏观调控县级公立医院人力资源、促进县级医院的人才引进和培养、增强人力资源质量建设,以提高县级公立医院医疗服务水平。     

我国公立医院开展岗位分析的探讨

自新医改方案公布以来,为顺应公立医院改革的精神,我国各级公立医院纷纷开展了岗位管理,这预示着我国医院的管理工作正逐步朝着科学管理的方向发展。其中,岗位分析是开展岗位管理工作的基础环节,就我国公立医院岗位分析的研究现状及其存在的问题展开探讨,并提出相关建议。

     

公立医院补偿机制改革宏观影响因素的政策情景分析

目的 探析影响公立医院补偿机制的宏观因素,以期为解决我国目前补偿机制中存在的一些实际问题提供借鉴。方法 运用PEST分析法,从政策环境、经济环境、社会环境和技术环境4类影响公立医院发展尤其是影响公立医院补偿机制的因素进行分析。结果 公立医院补偿机制所处的宏观环境具有政治、经济、社会和技术上的优势,但是在国家改革、政策以及信息化水平等方面还需进一步的发展和完善。结论 基于公立医院补偿机制的宏观影响因素分析,建议公立医院补偿机制改革需要从3个方面着手：确保政府财政补偿到位;完善医保支付制度,科学设置支付标准以及优化费用结算办法;合理利用医疗技术,完善医院信息管理服务平台。     

医改背景下医院岗位管理模式探讨与实践

????? 公立医院改革是当前医改的主要内容,岗位管理是公立医院改革的关键。通过介绍医院在医改背景下实行岗位管理改革的做法,阐述岗位管理的涵义及在公立医院改革中的重要性,为公立医院改革提供有益的实践参考。

     

广东省县级公立医院改革试点医院效率分析

目的 评价县级公立医院综合改革试点医院服务体系运营效率。方法 以广东省第一批县级公立医院综合改革试点医院为研究对象,运用DEA-Malmquist指数法分析其全要素生产率及其分解因素的变化趋势。结果 2012—2015年广东第一批县级公立医院改革试点医院全要素生产率平均下降1.6%,技术进步下降2.4%,技术效率增长0.8%。纯技术效率和规模效率年平均增长率分别为0.5%和0.2%;跨年度全要素生产率由0.951上,升到1.004。结论 广东省县级公立医院全要素生产率有待提高,需补足技术短板,从而提高整体运营效率。     

城市公立医院内部运行机制改革模式的探索

介绍了齐齐哈尔市第一医院在明确公立医院改革发展思路的基础上,深化内部决策执行机制、人事管理机制、薪酬分配机制、经济运行机制等公立医院内部运行机制改革的做法,加之管理体制、补偿机制、监管机制及服务体系改革,整体推进城市公立医院综合改革试点进程,以实现“维护公益性、调动积极性、保障可持续性”的改革目标。

     

县级公立医院的绩效型行政化改革模式评价

??????? 改革模式的选择关系到县级公立医院改革结果的成败。重点探讨县级公立医院绩效型行政化改革模式的基本假设、制度安排及逻辑错误、主要弊端,并依此主张县级公立医院选择治理型市场化改革模式。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418