Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calathea</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Marantaceae</Emphasis>) from South-eastern Brazil

Summary   Calathea dryadica and Calathea reginae are described, circumscribed and illustrated. These new species are probably endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro State in Southeast Brazil and are considered critically endangered because of the restricted geographic area of occurrence, sometimes enclosed by densely urbanised areas.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erythroxylum</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhabdophyllum</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Erythroxylaceae</Emphasis>) from north-eastern Brazil

Summary   Erythroxylum longisetulosum I. Loiola & M. F. Sales and E. timothei I. Loiola & M. F. Sales (sect. Rhabdophyllum) from north-eastern Brazil are described and illustrated, and their taxonomic and ecological relationships are discussed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Elaphoglossum mickeliorum</Emphasis> (Dryopteridaceae), a new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Elaphoglossum</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Polytrichia</Emphasis> from Peru

Elaphoglossum mickeliorum, a new species from the eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes, is here described and illustrated. It belongs to E. sect. Polytrichia, which is characterized by the presence of subulate scales and absence of hydathodes on the sterile leaves of adult sporophytes. Herbarium specimens of this new species were first collected by Alwyn H. Gentry ca. 40 years ago, but these got readily confused with E. erinaceum and went undescribed since then. The new species differs from members of the E. erinaceum complex by having a nearly continuous band of planar, nonsubulate scales along the laminar margins of sterile leaves. Based on this character, E. mickeliorum resembles species such as E. glaziovii, E. ornatum, and E. scolopendrifolium. It differs from these by the presence of minute glandular hairs on petioles and costae. A distribution map and a figure with line drawings are also provided. For comparative purposes, the line drawing includes E. blepharoglottis, which is here illustrated for the first time.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lirula</Emphasis> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies</Emphasis> from Japan

Two new species of Lirula (L. japonica and L. exigua) on Abies mariesii collected in subalpine areas of northern Japan are described as members of Rhytismatales, Discomycetes. Lirula japonica causes needle cast in fir, but L. exigua seems to occur on the needles of physically damaged twigs. Morphological characteristics of both species are discussed.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alloneuron</Emphasis> (Melastomataceae) from northern Peru

Alloneuron glomeratum, a new species of Melastomataceae from the Marañón Valley in northern Peru, is described and illustrated. This new species can be quickly recognized and differentiated from other species in Alloneuron by the presence of pseudo-glomerulate inflorescences.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Funastrum rupicola</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apocynaceae:</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">Asclepiadoideae</Emphasis>), a new species from Bolivia

Summary   Funastrum rupicola Goyder, a new species of Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae from Bolivia, is described and illustrated. The conservation status of this species is assessed.     

Two news species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Erythroxylum</Emphasis> (Erythroxylaceae) from Ecuador and Peru

Two new species of Erythroxylum from the Amotape-Huancabamba region are described and illustrated. Erythroxylum dillonii occurs in the arid zones of northern Peru, and Erythroxylum gentryi is known only from the Ecuadorian side of Cordillera del Condor. Their habitats and taxonomic relationships are discussed.     

A new <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dactylella</Emphasis> species from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Orbilia alba</Emphasis>

A new Dactylella species, Dactylella alba was isolated from the ascospores of Orbilia alba collected in Wenshan County, Yunnan Province, China. Conidiophores were either not branched or occasionally branched, bearing divergent sterigmata on the tip with single conidium on each. Conidia were elongated ellipsoids, 1–2 septate, mostly 1 septate. By combining the ITS sequence with morphological characteristics, a new anamorphic species is described and illustrated together with its teleomorph.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calycolpus</Emphasis> (Myrtaceae) from Brazil

Two new species of Calycolpus from Brazil are described and illustrated, C. andersonii from Pará and C. sessiliflorus from Bahia.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Goniopteris</Emphasis> (Thelypteridaceae) from Brazil

Two new species of Goniopteris endemic to the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil) are described and illustrated: Goniopteris bradei and G. salinoi. Morphological comparisons with similar species, as well as two identification keys, are presented. One key includes the Brazilian species most similar to G. bradei, and the other includes those Goniopteris species with glandular hairs, including G. salinoi.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mezilaurus</Emphasis> (Lauraceae) from Brazil

Ongoing taxonomic work on Mezilaurus has revealed two new species of the genus in Brazil, which are here described and illustrated. The first one, Mezilaurus glabriantha, from the state of Espírito Santo, represents the third endemic species known from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and Mezilaurus microphylla occurs in seasonally dry forests from the central Brazilian state of Tocantins. A key to distinguish the extra-Amazonian species of Mezilaurus from Brazil is provided.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudopyricularia</Emphasis> from Iran

Two new species, Pseudopyricularia hyrcaniana and P. iraniana, are described, illustrated, and discussed in this paper. Phylogenetic analyses of the large subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and their internal transcribed spacer regions, and protein encoding gene introns and exons, including the largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II and calmodulin, confirmed their placement in Pseudopyricularia. Pseudopyricularia hyrcaniana was isolated as a pathogen from leaves of Cyperus alternifolius, while P. iraniana was from Juncus sp. Conidia of P. hyrcaniana are obclavate and 1-septate; those of P. iraniana are fusiform or cylindrical and 2-septate. Analyses of multigene sequences confirm the distinction between P. hyrcaniana and P. iraniana, and reveal their relationship with their allies in Pyriculariaceae.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Matayba obovata</Emphasis>, a new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Matayba</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Matayba</Emphasis> (Sapindaceae) from Brazil

The new species, Matayba obovata (Sapindaceae), from southern and southeastern Brazil is described, illustrated, and contrasted to its putatively closest relatives. Palynological characters are also described. The new species belongs to sect. Matayba. A key to identify M. obovata and related species in the Atlantic Forest is included.     

Two new species and a new combination in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Elaphoglossum</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Polytrichia</Emphasis> subsect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apoda</Emphasis> (Dryopteridaceae) from Costa Rica and Panama

Two new species, Elaphoglossum alvaradoanum and E. pendulum, are described. The first species is endemic to Cocos Island, and the second to the mountains of Costa Rica. Elaphoglossum auripilum var. longipilosum is elevated to species rank as E. longipilosum.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Habenaria</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Orchidaceae</Emphasis>) from the Brazilian cerrado and campo rupestre

Summary  Two new species, Habenaria ciliatisepala and H. egleriana (Orchidaceae, Orchideae), from the cerrado of central Brazil and campo rupestre of the Espinha?o mountain range in Minas Gerais and Bahia, are described and illustrated.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Typhonium stigmatilobatum</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Araceae</Emphasis> tribe <Emphasis Type="Italic">Areae</Emphasis>), a new species from Vietnam

Summary   Typhonium stigmatilobatum V. D. Nguyen, a new species from Vietnam, is described and illustrated.     

Three new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stigmidium</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphaerellothecium</Emphasis> (lichenicolous ascomycetes) on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stereocaulon</Emphasis>

Sphaerellothecium stereocaulorum sp. nov., Stigmidium beringicum sp. nov., Stigmidium stereocaulorum sp. nov. and goniocysts are described on Stereocaulon species from the northern Holarctic. Endococcus nanellus is reported new to Alaska and Mongolia. Taxonomical novelties Sphaerellothecium stereocaulorum Zhurb. & Triebel, Stigmidium beringicum Zhurb. & Triebel, Stigmidium stereocaulorum Zhurb. & Triebel.