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湿地景观生态分类研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
湿地景观生态分类是湿地景观生态学研究的前提与基础,直接影响湿地研究结果的精度和有效性.基于国内外湿地景观生态分类在分类理论、分类指标、分类方法等方面的研究历史、现状与最新进展,本文系统介绍并评价了NWI、Ramsar、HGM等湿地分类体系,指出基于HGM分类思想以及综合考量湿地空间结构、生态功能、生态过程、地形、土壤、植被、水文、人类活动干扰强度等多种因素的混合分类方法是该研究领域未来发展的主要方向.集成运用3S技术、数学定量、景观模型、知识工程、人工智能、神经网络等多种方法以提高分类的自动化水平与精度,将是今后湿地景观生态分类研究的重点与难点. 相似文献
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景观生态分类概念释义及研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《生态学杂志》2009,28(11)
景观生态分类通过建立等级分类系统,能够全面反映一定区域景观的空间分异和组织关联,揭示其空间结构与生态功能特征,是景观生态评价和规划管理的基础.本文首先对景观生态分类的概念进行剖析,然后从分类系统的制定及对分类因子选择的发展进程、分类方法的改进和创新、景观生态类型制图及应用领域等方面阐述国内外景观生态分类的进展和现状,并在总结以前研究存在不足的基础上,进一步指出今后景观生态分类研究的重点和发展趋势.Abstract: Landscape ecological classification (LEC), through establishing hierarchical classifi-cation system, can comprehensively reflect the spatial heterogeneities and their associations of definite regional landscape,, and reveal its spatial structural characteristics and ecological func-tions, being the basis of landscape evaluation, landscape planning, and landscape management. In this paper, the concept of LEC was paraphrased, and the research progress of LEC was reviewed and analyzed from the aspects of framing classification systems, selecting indices, im-proving classification methods, mapping landscape ecotypes, and applications. The problems of LEC research and its development trend were pointed out. 相似文献
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基于高分辨率卫星图的川中丘陵区村级景观格局特征研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以Erle C.Ellis 建立的村级景观分类和景观制图方法,利用IKONOS高分辨率(1 m)卫星遥感图,进行典型抽样和地形→土地利用→土地覆被→生态立地的景观分类和分层制图,研究了四川盆地中部丘陵地区村级景观的构成和格局特征,并就有关方法作了讨论.结果表明,川中盆地丘陵村级景观类型多样,其多样性指数从地形、土地覆被、土地利用到生态立地变化在1.08~2.26之间,丰富度除土地覆被较高,达到85%以外,其余都较低,在42.22%~58.62%之间.分布普遍的生态立地类型为12.5%,其余88.5%的类型都以较大差异分布在各村级景观内.景观破碎化指数较高,不同村级景观之间为2.93~4.27,地形到生态立地的破碎度为2.86~5.63.村级景观构成中,人口密度、道路面积和农家院落面积与景观格局指数存在较大程度的线性相关关系,但以农家院落面积与景观分形指数、景观破碎度的线性相关显著,分别为0.957*和0.991**.运用景观4级分类和制图方法研究村级景观,多数景观格局指标都表现出显著的统计学差异,表明运用高分辨率卫星遥感图研究村级景观,以多级景观单元分类研究比单一分类的更能够反映相关信息,增加对村级景观格局的认识和理解. 相似文献
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本文通过对毛乌素沙地景观生态数据的处理与分析,以广泛应用于植被科学的数量分类方法TWINSPAN为工具,对毛乌素沙地景观生态类型进行了自上而下的等级式的数量分类研究,并与实际情况相结合,提出了毛乌素沙化草地景观生态分类系统。然后又利用算法上与TWINSPAN相似的DCA对沙化草地景观生态类型进行了排序分析,并与数量分类结果相结合,辅以逐步回归分析等多元分析方法,对所划分的各景观生态类型之间的关系进行了分析与探讨,指出毛乌素沙化草地具有较为丰富的景观生态类型,地下水位,覆沙厚度,基质类型控制着沙化草地景观生态类型的发生与演化;提出了毛乌素沙化草地景观生态的演化模式。本文还表明,TWINSPAN和DCA是景观生态研究比较有效的数量分析方法。 相似文献
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景观连通性是衡量景观生态服务效力的重要指标.基于GIS技术,利用有效距离模型对连云港围垦新区连云新城水体进行景观连通性分析.结果表明: 连云新城水体景观整体连通性较差;水体景观连通性与生态过程特性、生态服务价值和空间位置密切相关.斑块生态服务价值越高,其对水体景观整体连通性贡献越大.一些具有长条状结构的斑块对提高景观连通性起着关键作用.斑块连通重要值分级及功能类群分类的结果表明,连云新城水体规划符合Forman的不可替代格局理论,新城规划和建设时应优先考虑和保护相应功能类群的水体景观斑块.在景观生态规划时,连通性应作为一个重要指标加以考量;构建生态廊道要考虑生态景观数量上的配置,更要重视景观的空间位置布局,以提高景观的整体连通性.
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双台河口湿地景观及生态干扰度的动态变化 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
建立自然保护区的主要目的是使区内自然资源免受人为干扰,维持其重要的生态服务功能.本文借助遥感技术,引入生态干扰度(hemeroby)概念,系统地评价了辽宁双台河口湿地自然保护区及其邻近地区景观格局和生态干扰度的动态变化特征.首先应用专家经验知识将景观类型按生态干扰程度分为全干扰型、半干扰型和无干扰型等3个一级类型,在此基础上细分为30个二级景观类型;再通过问卷调查和专家判别,确定各景观类型的生态干扰度指数(hemeroby index),制定景观分类系统.并结合1987年4月30日、1995年6月7日、2000年6月12日、2006年10月11日等4期TM(ETM+)遥感影像,获得景观分类图和干扰度指数.结果表明:从1987-2006年,1)保护区及其临近地区景观呈现破碎化趋势,其中以保护区的芦苇湿地最为明显;2)研究区内无干扰类型的景观进一步被开发成半干扰和全干扰类型景观;3)干扰度指数空间分布的总特征是河口地区和河道的生态干扰度跳跃性最大,而城市周围的生态干扰度最高,其原因主要是城市化进程的不断推进和渔业的大规模发展. 相似文献
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山东南部景观生态对策研究 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
在对山东南部气候、地貌、土壤、植被等景观生态要素研究的基础上,以地貌和基质为基本线索、以植被为标志建立了该地区的景观生态分类系统.该系统为二级分类系统,包括7个景观型、17个景观亚型,其中,景观型根据植被(植被型或栽培植被型)划分,景观亚型根据地貌、植被(群系组或栽培组合)划分.以景观亚型或景观亚型的组合为基本单位,以1∶100万土壤图为基础底图,参考多种比例尺的卫星照片、植被图、土地利用图、地貌图等,编制了山东南部1∶100万景观生态类型图;在景观生态类型图上量算了各景观亚型的面积.据此详细分析了山东南部稀疏植被景观、常绿针叶林景观、落叶阔叶林景观、旱地作物景观、水旱轮作景观、湖泊景观等主要景观型的生态问题,提出了相应的生态对策 相似文献
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土系是中国土壤系统分类的基层分类单元,与所处微域景观联系密切,对小尺度样区进行景观分类研究有助于对研究区景观建立系统的认识。以宁镇丘陵区一小尺度样区为例,结合景观生态分类理论及土系特点,探讨了面向土系调查制图的景观分类的原则与方法,建立了包括景观区、景观类、景观亚类和景观相的四级景观分类系统,并借助3S技术进行了景观制图,并以此为基础对样区开展土系调查,对景观分类体系进行了验证。结果表明,景观相与土系有较好相关性,对土系分布具有指示作用,此景观分类体系有助于对土壤所处景观条件形成深入系统认识,可为土系调查制图工作提供参考。 相似文献
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三维城市景观生态研究 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
城市景观元素的三维分析是城市景观研究发展的重要趋势之一。城市形态的结构特征与功能的空间作用不仅体现在二维空间中,同时在三维向度上表现出城市社会经济发展态势与空间演变的相互作用,因此在城市空间格局、过程与功能的讨论中,不能局限于二维平面。首先由三维视角提出城市景观格局及功能网络特征,并结合对航空摄影测量、卫星遥测、机载激光扫描等三维信息获取方法的认识,介绍目前城市景观三维信息提取的相关方法;其次,在三维城市景观生态研究内容方面,重点介绍城市景观要素提取、格局特征及其动态变化、生态环境效应和城市景观功能等相关研究,探讨城市内部的三维建成景观以及绿地景观要素提取与应用,并在传统景观格局分析方法基础上,提出了三维城市景观格局特征测量方法、动态变化监测方法以及动态模拟等相关内容,进一步对三维城市景观在生物多样性、局部气候变化等生态环境效应方面的研究进行了归纳总结;最后借助构建三维景观功能网络的思路,以作为三维城市景观功能优化研究的切入点。 相似文献
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风景园林是绿色发展的重要载体,在国土空间规划变革的背景下,明确其在国土空间规划体系中的任务迫在眉睫。通过回顾国土空间规划的推进历史,总结风景园林规划对接国土空间规划体系的关键点,厘清目前风景园林的定位与职能。提出风景园林规划应有效地纳入国土空间规划体系,其内容不仅包括自然保护地规划与国家公园规划,还应发挥面向全域统筹的风景治理作用,从国土空间的空间格局开发保护、 城乡区域的统筹调适、城镇功能控制区的提升增质3个层面全面参与国土空间规划,从而构建中国特色风景园林规划体系。风景园林规划不仅顺应了国家治理的基本价值导向,而且对坚持生态文明、促进人与自然和谐共生、建设美丽国土空间、面向美好生活意义重大。 相似文献
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Li Tong Cao Jianfei Xu Mingxue Wu Quanyuan Yao Lei 《Landscape and Ecological Engineering》2020,16(3):249-262
Landscape and Ecological Engineering - Urban functional zone (UFZ) comprises the basic unit of urban planning, with various production activities. Understanding the landscape heterogeneity in UFZs... 相似文献
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生态系统服务多样性与景观多功能性——从科学理念到综合评估 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
生态系统和景观是构成地球表层系统的基本功能单元。从对人类生存和发展支撑作用以及人类对环境合理利用和保护的角度,逐渐形成了生态系统服务和多功能景观的科学概念,相关的理论和应用研究也很快成为学术热点。但是从国内外主要进展上看,生态系统服务和景观多功能性的定量化研究都还比较薄弱。生态系统与景观具有等级关联性,前者是构成后者的基本要素,生态系统服务和景观功能具有同源性。因此,将生态系统服务与景观多功能性研究紧密结合既有现实基础又能够深化彼此研究的定量化水平,并进一步提出了生态系统服务与景观多功能性综合定量研究的整体性框架。从当前国内外研究文献看,该框架具有可行性,可以作为进一步深化生态系统服务和景观多功能性研究的现实途径。 相似文献
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城市农业综合体的出现是对城市居民日益增长的田园体验需求的一种全新回应,对乡村振兴、城乡融合发展能够起到推动作用。以探究城市农业综合体的规划方式为目的,通过对城市农业综合体概念的梳理,提出城市农业综合体的基本特征和功能构成。随后对意大利城市农业综合体“FICO Eataly World”的规划设计进行分析,介绍城市农业综合体的设计理念、功能布局、流线组织和景观特色。最终提出城市农业综合体应选择市郊农业用地,在保留田园风貌的基础上,融合城市商业、农业观光体验进行规划设计,为中国城市综合体的发展创新、乡村振兴和城乡融合发展提供新的方向。 相似文献
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Beauty before age: landscape factors influence bird functional diversity in naturally regenerating fragments,but regeneration age does not
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Davi F. C. Dias Milton C. Ribeiro Yan T. Felber Ana L. P. Cintra Natália S. de Souza Érica Hasui 《Restoration Ecology》2016,24(2):259-270
Effective ecological restoration actions should be able to recover ecosystem processes that influence community development in the long term. However, there is scarce information on how landscape factors promote or accelerate fauna recovery. We used a landscape framework to evaluate how functional groups respond to natural regeneration in a highly fragmented region of Atlantic Forest. Using bird functional groups sampled in 15 regenerating forest fragments, we built and ranked models using a model selection approach to test the relative effect of landscape variables on each group. Our results showed that bird community recovery is not determined by the duration of the regeneration process (i.e. forest age), but by how the species responds to the landscape context. Functional diversity and the abundance of the functional groups were mainly related to composition metrics, whereas the functional metric affected only specific groups. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the landscape level to ensure both the colonization of fauna and the restoration of ecological functions. 相似文献
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Vincent Devictor Romain Julliard Joanne Clavel Frédéric Jiguet Alexandre Lee Denis Couvet 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2008,17(2):252-261
Aim Worldwide, functional homogenization is now considered to be one of the most prominent forms of biotic impoverishment induced by current global changes. Yet this process has hardly been quantified on a large scale through simple indices, and the connection between landscape disturbance and functional homogenization has hardly been established. Here we test whether changes in land use and landscape fragmentation are associated with functional homogenization of bird communities at a national scale.
Location France.
Methods We estimated functional homogenization of a community as the average specialization of the species present in that community. We studied the spatial variation of this community specialization index (CSI) using 1028 replicates from the French Breeding Bird Survey along spatial gradients of landscape fragmentation and recent landscape disturbance, measured independently, and accounting for spatial autocorrelation.
Results The CSI was very sensitive to both measures of environmental degradation: on average, 23% of the difference in the CSI values between two sample sites was attributed to the difference in fragmentation and the disturbance between sites. This negative correlation between CSI and sources of landscape degradation was consistent over various habitats and biogeographical zones.
Main conclusions We demonstrate that the functional homogenization of bird communities is strongly positively correlated to landscape disturbance and fragmentation. We suggest that the CSI is particularly effective for measuring functional homogenization on both local and global scales for any sort of organism and with abundance or presence–absence data. 相似文献
Location France.
Methods We estimated functional homogenization of a community as the average specialization of the species present in that community. We studied the spatial variation of this community specialization index (CSI) using 1028 replicates from the French Breeding Bird Survey along spatial gradients of landscape fragmentation and recent landscape disturbance, measured independently, and accounting for spatial autocorrelation.
Results The CSI was very sensitive to both measures of environmental degradation: on average, 23% of the difference in the CSI values between two sample sites was attributed to the difference in fragmentation and the disturbance between sites. This negative correlation between CSI and sources of landscape degradation was consistent over various habitats and biogeographical zones.
Main conclusions We demonstrate that the functional homogenization of bird communities is strongly positively correlated to landscape disturbance and fragmentation. We suggest that the CSI is particularly effective for measuring functional homogenization on both local and global scales for any sort of organism and with abundance or presence–absence data. 相似文献
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Andrés F. Ramírez-Mejía J. Nicolás Urbina-Cardona Francisco Sánchez 《Biotropica》2020,52(6):1168-1182
Urbanization is one of the most pervasive processes of landscape transformation, responsible for novel selection agents promoting functional community homogenization. Bats may persist in those environments, but the mechanisms responsible for their adaptability and the spatial scales in which the landscape imposes environmental filtering remain poorly studied in the Neotropics. We tested the hypothesis that landscape composition interacts with the spatial scale to affect the functional diversity of phyllostomids in an urban–rural gradient. Based on functional traits, we calculated indices of functional richness, divergence, evenness, and community-weighted means of morphological traits, and classified species into functional groups. We evaluated the changes in those variables in response to forest, grassland, and urbanized areas at 0.5, 1.25, and 2km scales. The number of functional groups, functional richness, and functional evenness tended to be higher in areas far from cities and with higher forest cover, whereas functional divergence increased in more urbanized areas. Our results show that the mean value of wing loading in the assemblage was negatively associated with landscape transformation at several spatial scales. However, environmental filtering driven by grass cover was particularly robust at the 0.5km scale, affecting big-sized species with long-pointed wings. Retaining natural forest in cattle ranging systems at ~12 km2 appears to favor the functional evenness and number of functional groups of phyllostomids. Recognizing the scale of the effect on phyllostomid functional responses appears to be a fundamental issue for elucidating the spatial extent to which phyllostomid conservation planning in urban–rural landscapes should be addressed. 相似文献