重组TPA在日本获准生产

东洋纺公司等宣布利用基因重组生产的TPA在厚生省中央药事审议会的调查会上获批准.这次通过的生产厂家是东洋纺和第一制药、以及三菱化成和协和发酵等.1990年12月该审议会的特别会刚批准了旭化成和兴和研制的TPA.继旭化成、兴和的细胞培养生产的TPA(估计今春销售)之后,今年下半年将有重组TPA出台.目前还不清楚山谁来经销三菱化成的重组TPA.     

用色原及凝溶试验法测定组织型血纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂(TPA)的效价

<正>组织型血纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂(TPA)是一种限定特异性的丝氨酸蛋白酶,它是纤维蛋白溶酶系统最重要的生理激活剂。在血纤维蛋白存在时,TPA催化酶原纤维蛋白溶酶原转化成它的活性形式,血纤维蛋白溶酶。在体内,血纤维蛋白溶酶的主要目标是纤维蛋白。纤维蛋白溶解方面的最新进展导致了免疫反应TPA和催化部位TPA的敏感试验法的发展。测量催化活性的TPA试验似乎依赖于纤维蛋白原/纤维蛋白碎片的存在,这些碎片是用溴化     

食管癌细胞NGAL基因-152～-60区段存在TPA反应元件

以往研究发现,在TPA诱导永生化食管上皮细胞癌变中中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(neutrophilgelatinase-associatedlipocalin,NGAL)基因过表达,但过表达机制不明.最近研究提示,食管癌细胞NGAL启动子及其邻近区域可能存在着TPA反应元件.为了对NGAL的这一TPA反应元件进行更准确定位,采用PCR法结合嵌套缺失实验从食管癌细胞中克隆了NGAL5′侧翼区-152～ 84、-140～ 84、-78～ 84、-59～ 84、-50～ 84、-41～ 84、-37～ 84、-29～ 84和-10～ 84等片段,并定向插入pGLB、pGLP或pGLE等萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因表达载体中,构建了pGLB-152、pGLP-152、pGLE-152、pGLB-140、pGLB-78、pGLB-59、pGLB-50、pGLB-41、pGLB-37、pGLB-29和pGLB-10等系列报告基因表达载体.将上述报告基因表达载体分别同pRL-TK共转染食管癌细胞EC109,并用TPA刺激,检测TPA刺激转染EC109的相对荧光素酶活力,综合判定NGAL-152～ 84区不同长度片段的TPA反应性,对NGAL启动子区的TPA反应元件给予进一步分段定位.结果表明,NGAL启动子区的TPA反应元件位于-152～-60区段,而且应答TPA刺激的反应能力很强.生物信息学分析结果显示,NGAL启动子区所存在的TPA反应元件很可能是一种新结构类型.研究说明,NGAL在DNA序列上有应答TPA刺激的结构基础,将有助于深入到分子水平揭示TPA诱导永生化食管上皮细胞癌变中NGAL过表达机制,也有助于进一步认识TPA信号细胞内传递途径网络在肿瘤发生发展中的作用.     

食管癌细胞NGAL基因－152 ～ －60区段存在TPA反应元件

以往研究发现,在TPA诱导永生化食管上皮细胞癌变中中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白 (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL) 基因过表达,但过表达机制不明. 最近研究提示,食管癌细胞NGAL启动子及其邻近区域可能存在着TPA反应元件. 为了对NGAL的这一TPA反应元件进行更准确定位,采用PCR法结合嵌套缺失实验从食管癌细胞中克隆了NGAL 5′ 侧翼区－152～+84、－140～+84、－78～+84、－59～+84、－50～+84、－41～+84、－37～+84、－29～+84和－10～+84等片段,并定向插入pGLB、pGLP或pGLE等萤火虫荧光素酶报告基因表达载体中,构建了pGLB-152、pGLP-152、pGLE-152、pGLB-140、pGLB-78、pGLB-59、pGLB-50、pGLB-41、pGLB-37、pGLB-29和pGLB-10等系列报告基因表达载体. 将上述报告基因表达载体分别同pRL-TK共转染食管癌细胞EC109,并用TPA刺激,检测TPA刺激转染EC109的相对荧光素酶活力,综合判定NGAL －152～+84区不同长度片段的TPA反应性,对NGAL启动子区的TPA反应元件给予进一步分段定位. 结果表明,NGAL启动子区的TPA反应元件位于－152～－60区段,而且应答TPA刺激的反应能力很强. 生物信息学分析结果显示,NGAL启动子区所存在的TPA反应元件很可能是一种新结构类型. 研究说明,NGAL在DNA序列上有应答TPA刺激的结构基础,将有助于深入到分子水平揭示TPA诱导永生化食管上皮细胞癌变中NGAL过表达机制,也有助于进一步认识TPA信号细胞内传递途径网络在肿瘤发生发展中的作用.     

持续水分胁迫对丹参茎叶酚酸含量及其抗氧化活性的影响北大核心CSCD

丹参种植中产生大量废弃茎叶,造成巨大的资源浪费,干旱显著影响药用植物活性成分的产生和积累。该研究以‘川丹参1号’为材料,采用土壤水分胁迫法,探讨长期水分胁迫对丹参茎叶的总酚酸(TPA)、8种主要酚酸含量和乙醇提取物抗氧化活性的影响,以初步明确丹参茎叶中酚酸及其抗氧化能力对土壤水分胁迫的响应特征,为丹参茎叶的开发利用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)丹参茎叶TPA对土壤水分响应敏感,8、9、10月份样品(SL-8、SL-9和SL^(-1)0)的TPA含量随着土壤相对含水量(SRWC)降低而增加,且不同月份间差异显著;在相同SRWC下,SL-9的TPA含量最低,仅为SL-8的41.4%~91.1%和SL^(-1)0的24.0%~79.9%。(2)长期土壤水分胁迫下,丹参茎叶中迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B、咖啡酸和原儿茶醛明显积累;干旱增加了TPA和单一酚酸的含量,但严重缺水(SRWC为35%)会降低酚酸含量。(3)丹参茎叶乙醇提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性,其DPPH·和ABTS·+清除活性随着SRWC的降低而增强,与TPA含量变化趋势一致。研究发现,适度干旱胁迫能显著增加丹参茎叶酚酸含量及抗氧化活性,在丹参种植中可以通过科学灌溉技术来增加茎叶中酚酸含量,促进丹参的综合利用。     

十四烷酰佛波醋酸酯刺激大鼠多形核白细胞释放H_2O_2的比色测定

本文介绍了一种以大鼠多形核白细胞(PMNs)为材料、利用酚红氧化原理比色测定十四烷酰佛波醋酸酯(TPA)刺激PMNs生成H_2O_2的方法。研究表明,PMNs为1×10~6/ml、TPA为100—300ng/ml和测定波长为620nm是较理想的测定条件。该法简单易行、稳定、无需特殊的试剂及仪器设备,适合于一般实验室常规研究抗氧化剂、抗促癌剂的作用和作用原理。     

食管癌细胞NGAL5′侧翼区存在TPA应答元件

在TPA诱导永生化食管上皮细胞癌变中,NGAL(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin)过表达,提示食管癌细胞NGAL转录调控区可能存在TPA应答元件.为了对食管癌细胞NGAL的这一TPA应答元件进行分段定位鉴定,首先将NGAL5′侧翼区不同长度片段-1 431~ 84-、1 137~ 84、-945~ 84、-657~ 84、-416~ 84和-152~ 84等依次插入质粒pGLP,构建NGAL/pGLP系列报告基因荧光素酶表达载体pGLP-1431、pGLP-1137、pGLP-945、pGLP-657、pGLP-416和pGLP-152;然后将上述质粒分别同pRL-TK共转染食管癌细胞EC109,最后用5 ng/ml的TPA刺激转染的EC109,检测报告基因荧光素酶活力,综合判定报告基因荧光素酶活力变化趋势,并以此对食管癌细胞NGAL5′侧翼区TPA应答元件进行分段定位.实验结果表明,食管癌细胞NGAL5′侧翼-657~-417区段内存在着较强的TPA应答元件.生物信息学分析显示,NGAL5′侧翼-657~-417区段至少存在3个潜在的TPA应答元件,表明有应答TPA刺激的结构基础.这些研究有助于从分子水平揭示TPA诱导永生化食管上皮细胞癌变中NGAL基因过表达机制.     

新的TPA专利引起新的TPA诉讼

当Genentech公司(加利福尼亚州的南旧金山)刚被授予组织纤维蛋白溶酶原激活因子(TPA)的加工专利权的时候,该公司便马上在美国特拉华州地方法院对Welcome Foundation有限公司(英国伦敦)、Genetics Institute公司(马萨诸塞州的剑桥)和几个分支机构提出了侵权控告。Genentech是包括纯化TPA在内的专利的独家持有者,同时对用于其生产的某些材料、质粒、DNA分离物和转化宿主细胞拥有自己的专利。这两点     

佛波酯(TPA)促进NIH3T3细胞α5β1整合蛋白的合成

佛波酯(TPA)是潜在促肿瘤剂,也是蛋白激酶PKC激活剂.TPA能在极低浓度下替代DG激活PKC,从而导致一系列细胞功能变化.应用100nmol/LTPA作用于NIH3T3细胞,观察NIH3T3细胞的粘附变化,发现TPA可促进NIH3T3细胞与基质纤连蛋白的粘附,进一步研究Fn的主要受体α5β1整合蛋白在细胞表面含量,发现TPA作用24h使α5及β1含量分别增加523%和516%.应用3H甘露糖标记N糖链和凝集素柱层析方法分析TPA作用后细胞N糖链总量和组分比,结果均与对照组相仿,说明是通过增加细胞合成整合蛋白α5及β1亚基含量实现的.在TPA作用于细胞的同时,加入PKC抑制剂Sphingosine,发现α5、β1含量和细胞与Fn的粘附均回复至对照组水平,提示TPA增加α5β1整合蛋白合成而增加的细胞与Fn粘附作用,是由PKC介导完成的.此外还发现酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂也阻断TPA增加α5β1整合蛋白含量的作用.     

利用析因设计法优化神经干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经元的诱导方案

目的优化实验设计将人神经干细胞(h NSCs)高比例诱导分化为多巴胺能神经元。方法从a FGF、dbcAMP、普拉克索(PRX)、TPA和forskolin共计5种诱导因子中,使用单因素方法筛选出对h NSCs诱导为多巴胺能神经元有显著作用的诱导因子,显著性检验使用student's t检验。之后使用析因设计方法对选出的显著因子的诱导作用进行定量评估,找出每个因子对h NSCs诱导为多巴胺能神经元的诱导规律,统计学显著性使用方差分析。最后使用最快上升法找到每个显著因子的最佳浓度。结果根据初步的单因素筛选实验,aFGF、dbcAMP、TPA被认为是对h NSCs诱导为多巴胺能神经元起诱导作用的因子。使用析因设计对aFGF、dbcAMP和TPA的因子效应进行建模,得出在初始的浓度下,aFGF和dbcAMP为阳性诱导因子,TPA为阴性诱导因子,并得出三者的浓度变化比例为0.29:0.90:-0.39。选取三者的步长分别为11 ng/ml、35μmol/L和-15 nmol/L,使用最快上升法优化出三者最佳的浓度分别为166 ng/ml、310μmol/L和10 nmol/L。最终多巴胺能神经元诱导比例可以达到(6.56±0.07)﹪,相比较对照提高了23.8﹪。结论析因设计法可以有效的优化h NSCs诱导分化为多巴胺能神经元。     

Plasminogen activator and collagenase production by cultured capillary endothelial cells

Cultured bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cells produce low levels of collagenolytic activity and significant amounts of the serine protease plasminogen activator (PA). When grown in the presence of nanomolar quantities of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), BCE cells produced 5-15 times more collagenolytic activity and 2-10 times more PA than untreated cells. The enhanced production of these enzymes was dependent on the dose of TPA used, with maximal response at 10(-7) to 10(-8) M. Phorbol didecanoate (PDD), an analog of TPA which is an active tumor promoter, also increased protease production. 4-O-methyl-TPA and 4α-PDD, two analogs of TPA which are inactive as tumor promoters, had no effect on protease production. Increased PA and collagenase activities were detected within 7.5 and 19 h, respectively, after the addition of TPA. The TPA-stimulated BCE cells synthesized a urokinase-type PA and a typical vertebrate collagenase. BCE cells were compared with bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells and bovine embryonic skin (BES) fibroblasts with respect to their production of protease in response to TPA. Under normal growth conditions, low levels of collagenolyic activity were detected in the culture fluids from BCE, BAE, and BES cells. BCE cells produced 5-13 times the basal levels of collagenolytic activity in response to TPA, whereas BAE cells and BES fibroblasts showed a minimal response to TPA. Both BCE and BAE cells exhibited relatively high basal levels of PA, the production of which was stimulated approximately threefold by the addition of TPA. The observation that BCE cells and not BAE cells produced high levels of both PA and collagenase activities in response to TPA demonstrates a significant difference between these two types of endothelial cells and suggests that the enhanced detectable activities are a property unique to bovine capillary and microvessel and endothelial cells.     

Stimulation of lymphokine production by teleocidin, aplysiatoxin, and debromoaplysiatoxin

Previous studies showed that the tumor-promoting phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and several structurally related tumor-promoting compounds stimulate lymphocytes to produce immune interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2). This study shows that three compounds structurally unrelated to TPA, previously shown to mimic TPA in some other biological activities, are similar to TPA in stimulating IFN-gamma and Il-2 production in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The production of another lymphokine, termed lymphotoxin (LT), was also enhanced by TPA and the other three compounds examined. Maximal enhancement of lymphokine production was observed in cultures costimulated with TPA or one of the other tested compounds and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). TPA was separated from IFN-gamma during a multistep purification procedure.     

Effect of serum and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on FSH-stimulated conversion of 4-androstene-3,17-dione to oestrogens in cell and organ cultures of suckling mouse ovaries

The effect of serum and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the FSH-stimulated oestrogen production was studied in both cell and organ cultures. Ovaries were removed from (WB X C57BL/6)F1 mice at 9-days of age, and the conversion of 4-androstene-3,17 -dione to oestrogens was stimulated by the addition of FSH in vitro. Either 10% serum (fetal calf, mouse, rat and horse) or 0.1 microM TPA markedly inhibited the FSH-stimulated oestrogen production by dispersed and cultured ovarian cells. In contrast, neither serum nor TPA influenced the oestrogen production in the organ culture. This suggests that the presence of tissue architecture may prevent the inhibitory effect of serum and TPA on the FSH-stimulated oestrogen production.     

Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate stimulates latent collagenase production by cultured human endothelial cells

Angiogenesis is associated with the fragmentation of blood vessel basement membranes. Since collagen is a major constituent of basement membranes, cultured human endothelial cells derived from umbilical cord veins were assayed for their ability to produce collagenase. Unstimulated cultured human endothelial cells did not secrete detectable levels of active collagenase into the culture medium. However, if the post-culture medium was treated with trypsin or plasmin, low levels of collagenolytic activity were detected, indicating that endothelial cells secrete small amounts of latent collagenase. Addition of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to the culture medium stimulated the secretion of collagenase by endothelial cells 5–30 fold. More than 90% of the collagenase was secreted in the latent form. Stimulation of collagenase production was detected at 10^?9 M TPA and was maximal at 10^?8 M TPA. An increase in the rate of collagenase production could be detected within 3 hr after the addition of TPA, and full induction occurred by 12 hr. Cycloheximide (3 μg/ml) or actinomycin D (0.1 μg/ml) inhibited both basal levels of collagenase production and the stimulation of collagenase production by TPA. Phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (PDD), a tumor-promoting analog of TPA, also stimulated collagenase production when administered at the same concentrations that were effective for TPA. However, 4-O-methyl TPA and 4-αPDD, two analogs of TPA which are not tumor promoters, did not stimulate collagenase production at concentrations up to 10^?7 M. The collagenase produced by endothelial cells was a typical vertebrate collagenase as judged by the following criteria: it cleaved collagen into only two fragments which were three quarters and one quarter of the length of the intact molecule; it was inhibited by EDTA and human serum; it was not inhibited by inhibitors of serine, thiol or aspartate proteases. Thus TPA causes an increase in the production of latent collagenase by cultured human endothelial cells.     

Effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the growth inhibitory and increased phosphatidylinositol (PI) responses induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in A431 cells

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibited the growth of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. The tumor promoting, phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) also retarded A431 cell growth. Addition of both TPA and EGF inhibited cell growth in an additive or synergistic manner depending upon the initial plating density of the cultures. EGF increased the production of diacylglycerol (60-70%) and stimulated the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) from 3H-inositol (three- to fourfold increase). Both of these responses were attenuated in the presence of TPA. TPA alone stimulated the production of diacylglycerol (DG) but had little effect on PI synthesis. The biological effect of TPA appeared to be mediated by the presence of a high-affinity receptor for phorbol esters on A431 cells. Moreover, the binding of 125I-EGF to A431 cells was unaffected by TPA, suggesting that the antagonistic effects of TPA were occurring distal to the EGF receptor. These findings also indicated that although TPA and EGF both inhibited A431 cell growth, this effect could be dissociated from changes in PI synthesis but may be dependent upon transient changes in DG production.     

Stimulation and inhibition of Leydig cell steroidogenesis by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate: similarity to the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone

To explore the mechanism of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) action on Leydig cell steroidogenesis the effects of a GnRH analog (GnRHa) were compared to those of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Both compounds acutely stimulated androgen production 2-4 fold with EC50's of 9 nM (TPA) and 0.2 nM (GnRHa). The effects of TPA and GnRHa were not additive and neither compound acutely altered the luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration-response relationship. After 24 h of exposure to TPA or GnRHa the ability of LH to stimulate androgen production was impaired. The parallel effects of TPA and GnRHa on Leydig cell steroidogenesis suggest that they are acting via similar mechanisms; presumably the activation protein kinase C.     

On-line determination of optimum time for switching from growth phase to production phase in tissue plasminogen activator production in a microcarrier cell culture

To maximize the productivity of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) by a mammalian cell culture, on-line determination of the optimum time to switch from the cell growth phase to the TPA production phase was investigated. By measuring the TPA production activity of the cells during the cell growth culture, it was shown that this optimum time was not necessarily the same as the time at which the cell concentration was maximized, and that the optimum time varied with growth culture batch. The TPA production activity of the cells during the growth culture could be estimated by on-line regression analysis using physiological data of the current state, including the oxygen consumption rate (Io₂) and cell concentration, as well as data from past batches. Applying this on-line estimation, the optimum switching time was determined to be the time at which the TPA production activity of the cells in the growth culture became highest, or higher than a certain value according to determined criteria.     

Activation of protein kinase C modulates dihydroxycholecalciferol synthesis in rat renal tubules.

1,25(OH)2D3, the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, is produced from 25(OH)D3 by the renal mitochondrial 25(OH)D3 1 alpha-hydroxylase. Several studies have implicated reversible phosphorylation and a possible role for protein kinase C (PKC) in acute regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 production. In the experiments described here, we studied 1,25(OH)2D3 production in freshly isolated rat renal tubules treated with activators and inhibitors of PKC. In this mammalian system, TPA, but not its inactive analogue 4 alpha PDD, inhibited 1,25(OH)2D3 production in a dose-dependent fashion within 20 min. The acute inhibition of 1,25(OH)2D3 production by TPA exposure was preceded by an increase in membrane associated PKC activity, which was paralleled by a decrease in cytosolic PKC activity. Pre-incubation of tubules with staurosporine, a PKC inhibitor, abolished the inhibitory effect of TPA on 1,25(OH)2D3 production. Chronic (18 h) exposure of tubules to high dose TPA resulted in down regulation of both membrane and cytosolic PKC activity and re-exposure to TPA did not affect PKC translocation or 1,25(OH)2D3 production in down regulated tubules. Our data strongly suggest that modulation of renal PKC activity may be an important mechanism for acute regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 production.     

Phorbol ester and neomycin dissociate bradykinin receptor-mediated arachidonic acid release and polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Evidence that bradykinin mediates noninterdependent activation of phospholipases A2 and C

Many types of peptide hormone and neurotransmitter receptors mediate hydrolysis of phosphoinositides (PI) and arachidonic acid and arachidonic acid metabolite (AA) release, but the relation between these responses is not clearly defined. We have characterized bradykinin (BK)-mediated AA release and PI hydrolysis in clonal Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK-D1). Both responses occurred over a similar dose range in response to the B1 and B2 receptor agonist, BK, but not in response to the B1 receptor-selective agonist des-Arg-BK. To test whether AA release occurs via a mechanism which is sequential to and dependent upon PI hydrolysis, we used the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), which activates protein kinase C. TPA treatment blocked BK-mediated PI hydrolysis in MDCK-D1 cells, while at the same time and at similar concentrations enhancing BK-mediated AA release. Thus, TPA treatment dissociated BK-mediated AA release from PI hydrolysis. In addition, treatment of MDCK-D1 cells with neomycin blocked BK-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate without reducing BK-mediated AA release. BK treatment increased formation of lysophospholipids with a time course in accord with BK-mediated AA release, indicating that at least part of the BK-mediated AA release was likely derived from activation of phospholipase A2. BK-mediated lysophospholipid production was enhanced by pretreatment with TPA, suggesting that the mechanism of AA release before and after treatment with TPA was the same. BK-mediated AA release and lysophospholipid production was dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium, while the enhanced responses to BK in the presence of TPA were not dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium. TPA treatment also enhanced AA release and lysophospholipid production in response to the calcium ionophore A23187. From these data we propose that BK, acting at B2 receptors, promotes AA release in MDCK cells via a mechanism which is 1) independent of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis by phospholipase C, 2) dependent upon influx of extracellular calcium and activation of phospholipase A2, and 3) enhanced by activation of protein kinase C.     

Inhibition by tectorigenin and tectoridin of prostaglandin E2 production and cyclooxygenase-2 induction in rat peritoneal macrophages.

Tectorigenin and tectoridin, isolated from the rhizomes of Korean Belamcanda chinensis (Iridaceae) which are used as Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, suppressed prostaglandin E2 production by rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by the protein kinase C activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), or the endomembrane Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin. Tectorigenin inhibited prostaglandin E2 production more potently than tectoridin. Neither compound inhibited the release of radioactivity from [3H]arachidonic acid-labeled macrophages stimulated by TPA or thapsigargin. In addition, activities of isolated cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 were not inhibited by the two compounds. Western blot analysis revealed that the induction of COX-2 by TPA or thapsigargin was inhibited by the two compounds in parallel with the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production. These findings suggest that one of the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activities of the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis is the inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production by tectorigenin and tectoridin due to the inhibition of the induction of COX-2 in the inflammatory cells.