玉米根系生长及向水性的模拟

用面向对象的程序设计（ＯＯＰ）技术组建了玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍ ａｙｓ）根系生长的三维模型,并用该模型模拟了根系在不同土壤水分剖面以及有、无向地性响应时的生长过程,探讨了根系向水性产生的机制以及向水性与向地性之间的关系．模型中将根系前沿看作由根尖构成的群体,每个根尖都对其周围环境独自作出响应,其中只有少数能继续分支． 模拟结果显示,玉米根系各单根受局部水势的影响而以不同速率伸长,即可造成总体的向水性． 如果土壤剖面上的水势由下到上递减,由此引起的单根伸长速率的不均匀分布将使整个根系在总体上表现出收拢和一致向下的生长趋势,并导致下层的根量相对增加．根系的向地性虽能使上述趋势增强,但它与向水性的机制是完全不同的     

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURED RADISH ROOTS

Excised cultured roots of Raphanus sativus L. cv. White Icicle elongate and produce a few lateral roots but do not increase in diameter. Lateral expansion is effected when both an auxin (indoleacetic acid or naphthaleneacetic acid) and a cytokinin (benzyladenine) are applied at the cut end of the root. The growth regulator effects are apparent first in the pericycle and subsequently in the procambium. Both of these groups of cells divide, producing large numbers of secondary derivatives. The increase in number of cells is reflected in an increase in root diameter. When cultured roots are treated with auxin only, a limited number of pericycle cells divide and lateral roots develop. When roots are treated with cytokinin only, all pericycle cells divide and a multiseriate zone of pericycle-derived cells develops. The procambium is not markedly affected by application of a single growth regulator. The distinct and separable responses of pericycle cells to different regulators suggest that the pericycle can be characterized in a functional, as well as a topographic, sense.     

PHOTOINHIBITION OF ELONGATION GROWTH OF ROOTS IN RICE SEEDLINGS

Effects of white, blue, red and far-red lights on the elongationgrowth of intact primary roots in rice seedlings were investigated.White light inhibited elongation of root cells. Blue light inhibitedboth cell elongation and cell multiplication, but red lightinhibited only cell elongation. The effect of far-red lightwas almost the same as that of the red. The lights exerted;the same effects on the growth of primary roots irrespectiveof age of the seedlings. The inhibitory effects of the lightswere also observed when the root of the deshooted seedlingswas irradiated, but not when only the shoot of the seedlingswas irradiated. It was inferred that it is not the shoot butthe root which responds to the light in this phenomenon. DCMUhardly affected root growth at a concentration so high as toinhibit strongly photosynthesis in the shoot. The possibilitythat photosynthesis participates directly in the photoinhibitionof root growth in rice seedlings was excluded. ¹ Present address: Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station,Morioka     

ANALYSIS OF GROWTH OF TETRAPLOID NUCLEI IN ROOTS OF VICIA FABA

Growth of nuclei of a marked population of cells was determined from G₁ to prophase in roots of Vicia faba. the cells were marked by inducing them to become tetraploid by treatment with 0.002% colchicine for 1 hr. Variation in nuclear volume is large; it is established in early G₁ and maintained through interphase and into prophase. One consequence of this variation is that there is considerable overlap between volumes of nuclei of different ages in the cell cycle; nuclear volume, we suggest, cannot be used as an accurate indicator of the age of the cell in its growth cycle. Nuclei exhibit considerable variation in their growth rate through the cell cycle. of the marked population of cells, about 65% had completed a cell cycle 14–15 hr after they were formed. These tetraploid nuclei have a cell cycle duration similar to that of fast cycling diploid cells of the same roots. Since they do complete a cell cycle, at least 65% of the nuclei studied must come from rapidly proliferating cells, showing that variability in nuclear volumes must be present in growing cells and cannot be attributed solely to the presence, in our samples, of non-cycling cells.