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PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN SQUID GIANT AXONS 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
F. Orrego 《Journal of neurochemistry》1971,18(12):2249-2254
Axoplasm extruded from giant axons of the Chilean squid, Dosidicus gigas, contained a low level of neutral proteinase-like activity, equivalent to 4 × 10?6 mg of chymotrypsin per mg of axoplasmic protein. The enzyme was active at physiological pH and ionic strength. Activity was completely inhibited by 1 mM-para-hydroxymercuribenzoate and was enhanced by divalent metal cations, especially Ca2+. Axoplasm also exhibited proteinase activity at pH 4.8. Both neutral and acid proteinase like activities were also present in the axonal sheath containing Schwann cells, but their specific activities relative to those in the axoplasm were different. A physiological role, related to the axoplasmic flow of protein, is discussed for the axoplasmic neutral proteinase-like activity. 相似文献
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Dunaliella bardawil Ben-Amotz & Avron accumulates high concentrations of β-carotene when grown under high light intensity. The β-carotene is composed mainly of 9-cis and all-trans β-carotene. Accumulation of β-carotene and an increase in the ratio of the 9-cis to the all-trans isomer are strongly dependent on the light intensity under which the algae are cultivated but are independent of light quality within the photosynthetically active radiation range. Cells grown under continuous red (>645 nm) or white light of 500 W·m?2 reach a value of about 32 pg β-carotene·cell?1 and a ratio of 9-cis to all-trans β-carotene of around 2, whereas cells grown under low red or white light intensity of 25 W·m?2 contain about 3 pg·cell?1 and a ratio of isomers of around 0.3. 相似文献
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诱导嗜热四膜虫(Tetrahymena thermophila)细胞凋亡样变化的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文以单细胞真核生物嗜热四膜虫(Te-trahymena thermophila)作为实验材料以抗肿瘤药物高三尖杉脂碱(Homoharringtonine,HHT)、糖皮质激素类药物地塞米松(9α-Fluo-ro-16α-methylprednisolone,Dex)和抗生素类药物放线菌素D(Actinomycin D)诱导嗜热四膜虫凋亡并研究其细胞凋亡过程的生物化学特性。结果表明抗肿瘤药物及抗生素类药物均不能明显地诱导嗜热四膜虫细胞凋亡。但糖皮质激素类药物在含一定量的Ca~(2 )、Mg~(2 )离子时能诱导嗜热四膜虫发生凋亡。作者认为诱导嗜热四膜虫凋亡过程可能与糖皮质激素类药物诱导鼠胸腺细胞凋亡的机制是类似的,嗜热四膜虫与胸腺细胞的凋亡过程可能同样被Ca~(2 )、Mg~(2 )离子依赖性的核酸内切酶的活化机制所控制着。 相似文献
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固定化假单胞菌CTP-01细胞分解对硫磷的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用明胶-戊二醛(GGA)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)包埋的固定化Pseudomonas sp.CTP-01细胞具有降解对硫磷的特性。GGA固定化细胞水解对硫磷的活力比PAA固定化细胞高5.8倍。当保存在4℃时GGA和PAA固定化细胞分别可以保持活力31.3和70%。GGA和PAA包埋的细胞最适反应温度分别为50℃到70℃和60℃到70℃,然而整细胞在温度超过65℃时活力很快下降。GGA和PAA两种固定化细胞最适pH为8.0,当pH低于7.0时活力开始下降,pH4吋则完全失活。 相似文献
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SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION OF POLY-beta-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID IN CONNECTION WITH SPORULATION OF BACILLUS MEGATERIUM.
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Slepecky, Ralph A. (Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.), and John H. Law. Synthesis and degradation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid in connection with sporulation of Bacillus megaterium. J. Bacteriol. 82:37-42. 1961.-The production of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate has been followed in Bacillus megaterium, a sporulating strain, and B. megaterium strain KM, a nonsporulating strain, by an improved assay procedure and by the use of C(14)-acetate.The production of polymer in the KM strain follows the growth curve very slowly and reaches a peak at the time the cells are entering the stationary phase of growth. Slow utilization of polymer follows.When the sporulating strain is grown under conditions favorable for polymer production, no spores are formed; polymer production and utilization follow kinetics similar to those observed with asporogenous strains.When the sporulating strain is grown under conditions unfavorable for polymer production but favorable for sporulation, less polymer is produced and peak production occurs during the log phase of growth. Rapid utilization of the polymer precedes sporulation.If the medium is made favorable for polymer production by the addition of glucose and acetate and vigorous aeration conditions are used, sporulation can be obtained after good polymer production and subsequent utilization. 相似文献
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REVERSIBLE DEGRADATION OF POLYRIBOSOMES IN CHANG CELLS CULTURED IN A GLUTAMINE-DEFICIENT MEDIUM 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
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The effects of temporary glutamine deficiency on the protein and nucleic acid metabolism of Chang's liver cells in suspension cultures have been studied. It was observed that cells maintained in a glutamine-free medium showed a reduced incorporation of labeled precursors into protein and RNA. At the same time, the activity of the ribosomes and the proportion of polyribosomal aggregates in cell extracts diminished. These effects were reversed when the glutamine content of the medium was restored. The restoration of a normal rate of amino acid incorporation by intact cells as well as by cell-free systems was time dependent, and took place within a few hours after glutamine addition without preceding increase in the prevailing low rate of RNA synthesis. The addition of actinomycin D at concentrations that strongly inhibited the RNA metabolism of the cells did not prevent the increase in protein synthesis or the reappearance of polyribosomal aggregates. These facts suggest that the restoration of protein synthesis in the cells after glutamine starvation was not dependent on a production of new messenger RNA. The experimental data are consistent with the hypothesis that previously synthesized messenger RNA, preserved in the cells in a stable form, was brought into action in response to the reestablishment of an adequate cellular environment. 相似文献
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松粉温-压模拟实验研究表明,热演变过程中随颜色加深,花粉个体大小收缩率可达40%以上,并且气囊比本体收缩率更高。因此,在孢粉化石鉴定时应考虑热演变程度对孢粉形态的影响。花粉热变指数、H/C、O/C原子比及镜质体反射率都是良好的热成熟度指标,前者在未熟-低熟阶段反映演变程度更为敏感,后者进入成熟阶段以后,能更详尽地描述热演变程度。花粉属于Ⅱ1型干酪根,含有大量的类脂组分,是一类良好的生油母质,其生烃能力与浮游藻类接近。 相似文献
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Three pigment lines of the tomato cultivar ‘Pearson’ with isogenic backgrounds were studied to determine the relationship between certain carotenoids and the development of chromoplasts during fruit ripening. The lines were normal red (r+/r+), in which about 90% of the carotenoids in the ripe fruit is lycopene; high-beta (B/B) mutant, in which beta-carotene is the major pigment and the mature fruit color is deep orange ; and low-pigment (r/r) mutant, in which carotenoids are drastically reduced and the mature fruit is pale yellow-orange. This paper reports pigment analyses for the three lines and the ultrastructural changes in plastids of the two mutant lines. Very young, pale green fruits contain proplastids with limited lamellar structure. As the fruits reach the mature green stage, the plastids in all three lines develop into typical chloroplasts. Differences in pigment content and in ultrastructure among the lines are not apparent until ripening commences. In the low-pigment mutant carotenoids are reduced as ripening progresses and no carotenoid crystalloids are formed. As chlorophyll decreases the fruits become pale yellow. The grana become disorganized and the thylakoids appear to separate at the partitions and tend to be arrayed in lines, some still with their ends overlapping. Globules increase slightly in number. In the high-beta mutant the grana break down during ripening and globules increase greatly in size and number. Beta-carotene, presumed to be largely in the globules, crystallizes into elongated or druse type forms which may distort the globules. The crystals may affect the shape of the chromoplasts; long crystals may extend the length of the plastid to over 15 μ. Thylakoid plexes with a regular lattice structure sometimes occur in the chromoplasts of the high-beta mutant. Granules resembling aggregations of phytoferritin particles occur in the chromoplasts of both of these mutants. 相似文献