滇重楼的无性繁殖

滇重楼[Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis(Fr.)Hand.-Muzz.]根茎的各部位切段都能繁殖出新植株。这些后代的四年生根茎,其增长速度比同龄实生苗快3—6倍。但切段间表现出较大的差异性:带顶芽切段能于种植的第一年成苗,并开花、结实,是根茎中生活力最强的部位,但其地上茎一般为单轴;中间和末端的切段,它们的出苗情况和有性繁殖相似,第一年只有极少数出苗,第二年才大量出土成苗,但不开花,地上茎出现较多的多轴现象。后代根茎和地上茎的主要成份与野生滇重楼基本相同。     

葡萄属营养器官的比较解剖学及其系统学意义

本文对国产葡萄属24个种、6个变种和4个美洲种进行了比较解剖学研究。比较观察了茎、节、 叶柄、叶片的维管系统、厚角组织、厚壁组织、毛状体、后含物、叶表皮角质等解剖学特征。并讨论了它们在系统学上的意义。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FOLIAR ANATOMY OF LYCOPODIUM SPECIES

A comparative study of the leaves of 31 species of Lycopodium was made. The pattern of tracheids varies with the species. Usually they exhibit annular, helical, reticulate, modified or transition forms; none of the species have advanced phylogenetically beyond the scalariform tracheid stage. Mucilage canals have been found in four species. Tracheids are enclosed by a few to several layers of oblique ended, elongated parenchyma cells in most species, but an endodermis is absent. Vascular bundles are encircled by fiber cells in three species. The mesophyll of most species consists of identically shaped cells, although palisade-like tissue has been observed in a few species. The epidermal cells vary from elongated to isodiametric and have either undulated or smooth anticlinal walls, which are deeply pitted in some species. The outer epidermal walls are usually thick and heavily cutinized. Stomates are distributed on both surfaces in 18 species, on the abaxial surface in 11 species, and on the adaxial side in only two species. Most stomates are practically isodiametric in surface view, broader than epidermal cells, usually parallel to the vein, and at the same level as the adjacent epidermal cell. A typical guard cell has a prominent outer ledge and a less developed inner ledge of cutin in most species. Six groupings are suggested, based on similarity of leaf structure and the known chromosome numbers.     

ANOMALOUS GROWTH AND VEGETATIVE ANATOMY OF SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS

The anatomy of the stem, root, and leaf of Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider was investigated, as well as the mode of tissue formation in the stem. Perivascular tissue is present as part of the primary body; outermost cell layers of this tissue mature as a fibrous sheath. The first short-lived extrafascicular cambium is generated within the remaining parenchymatous perivascular tissue. Successive independent extrafascicular cambia, organized as complete rings or large arcs, arise within peripheral conjunctive parenchyma produced by previous cambia. Extrafascicular cambia produce secondary xylem centripetally and conjunctive tissue bands and strands of secondary phloem centrifugally. Conjunctive tissue initials produce raylike structures of conjunctive tissue; true vascular rays are absent. The phellogen is actually a region of transition where the peripheral conjunctive parenchyma of previous extrafascicular cambia undergoes further cellular subdivision; a true phellogen is lacking. Xylem bands do not represent annual or seasonal growth increments, and secondary growth in Simmondsia is an unequivocal example of the “concentric” anomaly.     

马蹄香属营养器官解剖及其分类位置的探讨

对马蹄香属Ｓａｒｕｍａ Ｏｌｉｖ．营养器官的形态解剖进行了研究,首次报道该属植物叶片宏观结构;叶表皮和叶表面的微观结构;叶柄和茎的初生结构特征与次生结构特征,并与近缘属植物细辛属Ａｓａｒｕｍ Ｌ．的解剖学资料作了比较研究,发现两属的叶形均为心形;叶脉都是掌状脉序;叶沿无齿都具毛;且都是单毛;气孔器都是“毛茛科”型;叶柄维管束都呈“Ｖ”字形排列;从近轴端到远轴端都是呈３－４－４束的变化;茎的初生结构     

神农香菊引种和繁殖研究

神农香菊Dendranthema indicum(L.)Des Monl. var. aromaticum Q. H. Liuet S. F. Zhang,是湖北新发现的一种香料资源植物^[1],并有药用价值,是医药和轻化工业的优良原料^[2],具有广阔的开发前景。     

神农香菊引种和繁殖研究

神农香菊Dendranthema indicum(L.)Des Monl. var. aromaticum Q. H. Liuet S. F. Zhang,是湖北新发现的一种香料资源植物,并有药用价值,是医药和轻化工业的优良原料,具有广阔的开发前景。神农香菊原产湖北神农架,分布在海拔2000米以上的高山,资源分散,运输不便。为了适应今后生产发展的需要和保护种质资源,我们进行了该植物的引种扩大繁殖     

荸荠营养器官的发育与解剖学研究

荸荠同化茎起源于肉质主茎倒２或倒３叶的叶腋内。同化茎基部着生二鞘状叶,鞘状叶对早期同化茎穿出土面具保护作用。匍匐茎大多起源于同化茎基部鞘状叶的叶腋内。当植株开始抽生花茎时,地下匍匐茎顶端开始膨大。球茎的膨大是匍匐茎顶端５－６节的基本组织经细胞有丝分裂,增加细胞数目,然后由细胞体积的扩大来实现的。球茎具足够的营养物质供来年顶芽萌发的需要,故属水生植物冬芽的性质。     

细叶百合无性繁殖条件的选择

以栽培的2 年生细叶百合(Lilium pumilum DC.)鳞茎为扦插材料, 将鳞茎分内、中、外三层剥取其鳞片, 观察鳞片在不同温度、光照强度、基质中的扦插生小鳞茎的效果。扦插40d 时, 鳞片基本枯萎, 此时的实验结果是:①影响扦插效果的重要因子是温度和光强, 25℃高温避光生鳞茎最佳;其次是鳞片位置, 中鳞片和外鳞片好于内鳞片;基质对扦插影响不大。②每百鳞片生小鳞茎数和小鳞茎直径呈正相关。③相同条件下, 相同部位的刀切鳞茎段所产生小鳞茎数量明显高于手掰的整片鳞片, 这一现象至今未见报导。     

COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE COCHLOSPERMACEAE. II. ANATOMY OF THE YOUNG VEGETATIVE SHOOT

The generic scope and systematic position of the Cochlospermaceae were evaluated using observations from the anatomy of the stem, node, and leaf. There are few basic differences in vegetative anatomy between Amoreuxia and Cochlospermum. Secretory cells and canals, dilated phloem rays, and banded phloem are unifying features. Mature nodal anatomy is 3-trace, trilacunar, and the leaves of both genera have elongate, unicellular, branched idioblasts in the spongy mesophyll. Bixa has some features in common with Amoreuxia and Cochlospermum but is distinctive in vascularization of the petiole, leaf anatomy, and vestiture. Rhopalocarpus is quite different from the above genera, and its placement in a separate family is justified on anatomical grounds. The Cochlospermaceae, consisting of Amoreuxia and Cochlospermum, seem more closely related to the Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae than to the Flacourtiaceae, Cistaceae, or Violaceae.     

豹斑竹芋组织培养快速繁殖

<正> 豹斑竹芋(Maranta leuconeura var.kerchoueana)是苳叶科竹芋属多年生常绿草本单子叶植物。叶矩圆形,常年翠绿,中脉两侧有成对排列的棕褐—墨绿色斑块,似孔雀尾羽,别称孔雀草,是颇具观赏价值的室内耐荫观叶植物,用以美化宾馆、办公室及客厅、居室等均极受欢迎。本届植物全产热带美洲。苳叶科植物组织培养文献,除Henny采用条纹竹芋胚培养获得实生苗外,尚未见报道。因此,研究其组织培养条件,对引种驯化提供苗木及进一步商业性生产,有重要经济意义,同时对莓叶科其它种类的组织培养,也有一定的参考意义。     

刺五加的有性生殖与营养繁殖

刺五加 Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr.et Maxim.)Maxim,既可进行有性繁殖,又可进行营养繁殖。本文报道其三类花丝长度不同的植株每个花序的花朵数量、座果率、饱满种子率及根茎形态和形态发生的某些特点。通过人工受精,检测了其繁育系统。结果表明:长花丝植株不座果,短花丝植株座果,但不同年份、不同生境中座果率不同,中花丝植株也座果但饱满种子率教低。在正常年份,短花丝植株的座果率接近40％,并且林缘的座果率稍高于皆伐迹地和次生林下的。考虑到中花丝植株在所研究地区居群数很少,我们认为绝大多数刺五加种子是异花传粉的产物,其有性生殖与营养繁殖相配合,在无人为破坏的前提下,该物种不应该濒危。     

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CHENOPODIUM QUINOA BY SHOOT TIP CULTURE

An in vitro procedure is described for vegetative propagation of two varieties of Chenopodium quìnoa. Shoot tips of seedlings and adult plants were stimulated to produce multiple shoots by axillary branching in a B5 medium modified by decreasing sucrose (10 g/l), increasing nitrate (2,700 mg/l) and phosphate (315 mg/l) salts, and to which glycine was added (4 mg/l). This modified medium was supplemented with benzyladenine (0.22 mg/l) and naphthaleneacetic acid (0.018 mg/l). These conditions allowed development of more than twice the average number of shoots per culture as did the non-modified B5 medium. Absence of exogenous growth substances stimulated shoot elongation and rooting more effectively than auxins or gibberellic acid added to the medium. Rooted plants, transferred to a greenhouse, grew to 2 m at the flowering stage.     

神农香菊的试管快速繁殖

实验材料神农香菊([Dendranthema indicum(L.) Des Menl. var. aromaticum Q. H. Liu et S. F. Zhang)的幼叶和试管苗的茎段。培养条件以MS为基本培养基,并附加一定浓度的6-BA、NAA和2.4-D、琼脂0.7%、蔗糖2%。pH5.8,培养温度23—30℃,日光灯照明8—10小时/天。     

ARCHAEOPTERIS MACILENTA,ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY OF ITS FROND

The stem, rachides, and pinnae of Archaeopteris macilenta, formerly considered to be a fern of Devonian age, comprise a branch system in which the ultimate divisions heretofore referred to as pinnules are the leaves. The primary vascular system of the “frond” is a lobed siphonostele from which leaf traces arise in a spiral sequence. The anatomy of the “rachis” and of the “pinnae” is shown to be similar to that of the stem, Callixylon, which bore these “fronds.” Branching, epidermal pattern and stomates are described for the spirally arranged leaves (fertile pinnules). Attachment and dehiscence of sporangia as well as their stomates are reported. Archaeopteris is retained in the Class Progymnospermopsida which includes plants with gymnospermous anatomy and pteridophytic reproduction. It is suggested that Actinopodium, Svalbardia and Siderella are related closely to Archaeopteris and that this group of genera shows evolutionary stages in webbing of leaves and planation of branch systems. The opportunities for ontogenetic studies of the arborescent genus Archaeopteris are pointed out.