Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2-mum DNA. An analysis of the monomer and its multimers by electron microscopy.

Summary The non-tandem inverted duplication in the 2-m DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a length of 0.19 m and is located asymmetrically along the molecule. The majority of the dumb-bell structures that are formed upon denaturation and selfannealing of the 2-m monomer consists of the renatured inverted duplication sequences as double stranded stem and two single stranded loops of 0.67 m±0.06 m (S-loop) and 0.86 m±0.05 m (L-loop) length. Two additional size classes which comprised 5–10% of the measured molecules had contour lengths of around 1.7 m and 2.1 m. The smaller dumb-bells contained two S-loops and the larger dumb-bells contained two L-loops as was shown by heteroduplex mapping with an HindIII fragment from the L-loop. Two models which assume illegitimate or site specific recombination, are presented to explain the generation of double S-loop and double L-loop molecules. At least part of the 4-m and 6- circular molecules present in the yeast supercoiled DNA fraction are shown to be dimers and trimers of 2-m monomers, but often with inverted loop segments most probably due to intramolecular recombination between sequences of the inverted duplication.2-m DNA is used to indicate the supercoiled DNA fraction although in our measurements the average monomeric length is 1.9 mPart of this work has been presented at the Conference: The Genetics and Biogenesis of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria, Munich, August, 1976     

Laser kinetic spectroscopy studies of the bimolecular oxygenation of alpha- and beta-subunits within the R-state of human hemoglobin

Bimolecular oxygenation of tri-liganded R-state human hemoglobin (HbA) is described by bi-exponential kinetics with association rate constants k = 27.2 ± 1.3 (M·sec)^-1 and k = 62.9 ± 1.6 (M·sec)^-1. Both the observed processes have been assigned to the bimolecular oxygenation of - and -subunits of the native tetrameric protein by molecular oxygen. The quantum yields of photodissociation within the completely oxygenated R-state HbA are = 0.0120 ± 0.0017 and = 0.044 ± 0.005 for - and -subunits, respectively. The oxygenation reactions of isolated ^PCMB- and ^PCMB-hemoglobin chains are described by mono-exponential kinetics with the association rate constants k = 44 ± 2 (M·sec)^-1 and k = 51 ± 1 (M·sec)^-1, respectively. The quantum yields of photodissociation of isolated ^PCMB- and ^PCMB-chains (0.056 ± 0.006 and 0.065 ± 0.006, respectively) are greater than that observed for appropriate subunits within the R-state of oxygenated HbA.     

The effect of monoterpenes on astaxanthin production by a mutant ofPhaffia rhodozyma

Summary The total pigment and astaxanthin content ofPhaffia rhodozyma increased with increasing concentrations -pinene up to 500 l -pinene/l. Above this concentration the total pigment and astaxanthin content as well as the biomass production decreased. The addition of 500 l -pinene/l increased the total pigment content from 1652 g/g to 2201 g/g and the astaxanthin content from 1554 g/g to 1883 g/g. A sharp decrease in maximum specific growth rate occurred above 150 l -pinene/l.     

Zur Feinstruktur der Elektrozeptorepidermis der Mormyridae (Teleostei,Pisces)

Zusammenfassung Die schwachelektrischen Mormyridae haben eine dreischichtige Epidermis, deren innere Schicht aus nur etwa 0,22 m dicken sechseckigen Zellen von ca. 60 m Durchmesser besteht. Die etwa 2 m dicken, linsenförmigen Kerne von 7,6 m Durchmesser liegen am Zellrand. Die Zellen sind zu Säulen aufgeschichtet. Ihr Rand ist ausgezackt und dort, wo er die Säulengrenze erreicht, auf etwa 0,34 m verdickt. In der Nähe der Säulengrenzen sind die Zellen über Desmosomen mit den Nachbarn in der eigenen und in der angrenzenden Säule verbunden. Diese Epidermisschicht ist auf die Körperpartien beschränkt, in denen auch Elektrorezeptoren ausgebildet sind.Die beiden anderen Epidermisschichten haben den üblichen Aufbau einer Fischepidermis, abgesehen vom Fehlen der Becherzellen.

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Ultrastructure of the electroceptor epidermis of the Mormyridae (Teleostei, Pisces)

Summary The weakly electric fish of the family Mormyridae have a three layered epidermis, with a medium layer consisting of hexagonal cells of only 0.22 m in thickness and about 60 m in diameter. The lens-shaped nuclei are about 2 m thick and 7.6 m in diameter and are situated near the border of the cells. The cells are piled up to hexagonal columns. Their margin is serrate and where it reaches the boundary of the column, it has a thickness of about 0.34 m. Close to the boundaries of the columns, the cells are linked to their neighbours within the column and of the adjoining column by desmosomes. This layer of the epidermis is confined to those regions of the body surface which also contain electroreceptors.The other layers of the epidermis have a structure as usual in fish, except for the lack of goblet cells.

     

Morphology and structural organization of spiracles in femaleArgas (Persicargas) walkerae (Acari: Argasidae)

Scanning electron microscopical investigations of fractures and corrosion casts of the spiracles from femaleA. walkerae ticks revealed a four-part structure, consisting of spiracular plate, ostium and macula forming the external closure, followed by the subostial space and the vestibulum of regulable volume, as well as the atrial chamber as the innermost part from which the main tracheal trunks originate. On the average, the spiracular plate was 158 m long and 188 m at the broadest width. It consisted of a thin, highly perforated external and a thick internal layer, which enclosed the interpedicellar space with numerous stout pedicels. In its posterior region, the spiracular plate was covered by the macula, which was up to 80 m in length and 110 m in width. The interpedicellar cavity opened into the subostial space measuring 95.5 m in length and 159.6m in width, which proceeded into the 112-m long vestibulum. The roof of the vestibulum was flexible and could be everted and inverted. Inverted, the roof formed a quadratic bulge with numerous deep cuticular folds, which confined the lumen of the vestibulum either partially or completely. In corrosion casts, the roof was everted to a length of up to 89.3 m. In the posterior part of the vestibulum, as well as in the initial fourth of the artrial chamber, numerous anvil-, cone-or drop-like cuticular projections were arranged in wedge-like fashion. The atrial chamber was almost spherical with a diameter of 138.4 m. Five main tracheal trunks of different luminal diameter as well as numerous channels opened into the atrial chamber.     

Male reproductive effect of arsenic in mice

Arsenic, a known human carcinogen, was given to mice via drinking water as sodium arsenite at a dose 53.39, 133.47, 266.95 and 533.90 mol l for 35 days. A decrease in the activity of 17 HSD along with increase in LDH, GT activity were observed at 533.90 mol l. The observed sperm count, motility and morphological abnormalities in sperm were similar to control at lower dose levels. However at 533.90 mol l a significant decrease in sperm count and motility along with increase in abnormal sperm were noticed. Significant accumulation of arsenic in testes and accessory sex organs may be attributed to the arsenic binding to the tissues or greater cellular uptake. No effects were observed on indices studied for reproductive effects at 53.39 mol l arsenic close to which human being are exposed through drinking water under the present set of experimental conditions.     

Plasma α- and γ-tocopherol have different pattern during normal human pregnancy

Plasma - and -tocopherol were monitored in pregnant women throughout healthy gestational periods and after delivery and were compared with that of non pregnant women. The mean plasma -tocopherol and -tocopherol concentrations in non pregnant Saudi women (15.2 ± 1.3 and 1.8 ± 0.2 ol/l respectively) were found within normal range. The maternal plasma -tocopherol level steadily increased reaching maximum level (19.1 ± 1.6 mol/l) at late gestation and then gradually decreased after delivery. On the contrary, the optimum level of -tocopherol (2.1 ± 0.2 mol/l) was at mid gestation, followed by a progressive decrease until one month after delivery (1.5 ± 0.1 ol/l). This study shows that the maternal plasma - and -tocopherol have different profiles that may be attributed to their different responses to the changes in maternal lipids during pregnancy.     

The contribution of size-fractionated plankton to biomass and primary production of phytoplankton in saline–alkaline ponds

Primary productivity, biomass and chlorophyll-a of size fractionated phytoplankton (<0.22 m, <3 m, <8 m, <10 m, <40 m, <64 m, <112 m and <200 m) were estimated in 6 ponds and 5 experimental enclosures. The results showed that the planktonic algae less than 10 m are important in the biomass and production of phytoplankton in saline–alkaline ponds. The production of size fractionated phytoplankton corresponding to <112 m, <10 m and <3 m in saline–alkaline ponds were 10.5 ± 6.6 , 8.6 ± 5.4 and 0.33 ± 0.1 mgC l^–1 d^–1, respectively. Mean community respiration rate was 1.80 ± 0.73, 1.69 ± 0.90 and 1.38 ± 1.12 mgC l^–1 d^–1, respectively. The average production of phytoplankton corresponding to micro- (10–112 m), nano- (3–10 m) and pico- (<3 m) were 1.61, 8.30 and 0.33 mgC l^–1 d^–1, respectively. The ratio of those to the total phytoplankton production was 15%, 79% and 3%, respectively. The mean respiration rate of the different size groups was 0.11, 0.31 and 1.38 mgC l^–1 d^–1; the ratio of those to total respiration of phytoplankton was 6%, 17% and 77%, respectively. The production of size-fractionated phytoplankton corresponding to <200 m, <10 m and <3 m in enclosures was 2.19 ± 1.63, 2.08 ± 1.75 and 0.22 ± 0.08 mgC l^–1 d^-1, respectively. Mean community respiration rates were 1.25 ± 1.55, 1.17 ± 1.42 and 0.47 ± 0.32 mgC l^–1 d^–1, respectively. The average production of phytoplankton corresponding to micro- (10–200 m), nano- (3–10 m) and pico- (<3 m) plankton was 0.11, 1.86 and 0.22 mgC l^–1 d^–1, respectively. The ratio of those to the total production of phytoplankton was 5%, 85% and 10%, respectively. The mean respiration rate of different size groups were 0.08, 0.72 and 0.46 mgC l^–1 d^–1, the ratio of those to total respiration of phytoplankton was 6%, 57% and 37%, respectively. The concentrations of chlorophyll-a of the phytoplankton in the corresponding size of micro- (10–112 m), nano- (3–10 m) and pico- (<3 m) plankton in the experimental ponds were 19.3, 98.2 and 11. 9 g l^–1, respectively. The ratio of those to the total chlorophyll-a was 15%, 76% and 9%, respectively. The concentrations of chlorophyll-a of phytoplankton micro- (10–200 m), nano- (3–10 m) and pico- (<3 m) plankton in enclosures were 1.7, 34.3 and 3.0 g l^–1, respectively. The ratio of those to the total chlorophyll-a was 4%, 88% and 8%, respectively.     

Method of isolation of cysteine constitutive mutants of the cysteine regulon in Salmonella typhimurium.

Summary Size and shape of mitochondrial DNA molecules of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were analyzed by electron microscopy. Besides numerous linear molecules, circular molecules ranging from 0.83 m to 12.81 m were found. Depending on the method of preparation, both closed and open circular molecules were found. Most of the circular molecules could be assigned to five major size classes of 0.83±0.05 m, 1.7±0.05 m, 4.74±0.04 m, 5.74±0.04 m, and 8.32±0.07 m. Possible explanations for the different size classes of mitochondrial DNA molecules are discussed.     

Functional analysis of actin fibrils in Physarum polycephalum

Summary Fluorochromed heavy meromyosin (TRITC-HMM) was microinjected as a molecular probe into small sandwich-plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum with the aim to demonstrate the spatial morphology and to analyze the dynamic activity of the fibrillar actin system in the living state. The plasmodia display different fibrillar organizations with a polygonal arrangement in the front region (FR) and a parallel or helical arrangement along protoplasmic veins in the intermediate (IR) and uroid region (UR). Quantitative evaluations by measuring the total length, lifetime, dynamic activity, long-term stability and optical density of fibrils reveal distinct differences between the three plasmodial regions: The total length (FR = 27.1 ± 18.5 m, IR = 24.8 ± 12.9 m, UR= 12.3 ± 4.7 m), the lifetime (FR = 12.2 ± 3.4 min, IR=10.5 ± 3.7 min, UR = 6.0 ± 3.4 min), and the dynamic activity as measured in length changes per min (FR = 17.9 ± 11.3 m, IR = 13.1 ± 3.9 m, UR = 8.3 ± 3.9 m) distinctly decrease from the front to the uroid region. On the other hand, the greatest stability as determined by lifetime changes in length (FR = -2.4 ± 16.2 m, IR = 0.3 ± 10.1 m, UR = -6.6 ± 8.9 m) and the highest optical density as expressed in grey-values (FR = 57.0 ± 14.1 gv, IR = 115.6 ± 26.1 gv, UR 62.5 ± 8.1 gv) were found for actomyosin fibrils of the intermediate region. The morphological and physiological data of the present paper are discussed with respect to the biological significance of the fibrillar microfilament system in Physarum polycephalum.     

Determination of copper, manganese and zinc in human liver

Autopsied liver tissue samples collected from 42 males and 31 females were analyzed for copper, manganese and zinc using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). With the exception of two liver samples for which the copper levels were determined to be 74.8 and 104.0 g/g (dry weight), hepatic copper concentrations were found to range from 1.7 to 32.4 g/g with a mean concentration of 14.2 g/g and standard deviation of 7.0 g/g. Manganese concentrations (with the exception of one sample having 12.9 g/g) ranged from 0.22 to 4.6 g/g with a mean of 2.26 ± 1.00 g/g. Hepatic zinc levels averaged 118.3 ± 44.4 g/g and ranged from 38.5 to 231.3 g/g. There were no apparent trends for the levels of any metals versus age nor were there any differences in average hepatic metal concentrations for males and females. © Rapid Science 1998.     

Urinary mercury levels in females: Influence of skin-lightening creams and dental amalgam fillings

The influence of application of skin-lightening creams and dental amalgam fillings on the urinary mercury (Hg) level was evaluated in 225 females (ages 17 to 58 years) living in Riyadh, capital of Saudi Arabia. The arithmetic mean of the urinary Hg level was 6.96 ± 20.43 g l, in the range 0 to 204.8 g l. The mean urinary Hg level adjusted by creatinine (Cr) was 11.22 ± 37.23 g g Cr, in the range 0 to 459.37 g g. No significant difference in urinary Hg was noted between the females regarding the use of skin-lightening creams. On the other hand, results showed that urinary Hg concentration was influenced by the use and number of dental amalgam fillings. No women were identified with symptoms or signs that could be attributed to Hg intoxication. Urine analyses for creatinine, urea, uric acid, phosphorus, magnesium, glucose and calcium showed significant correlation with urinary Hg. This suggests that chronic exposure to Hg may be associated with a deterioration of renal function.     

Effects of GABA antagonists,SR 95531 and bicuculline,on GABAA receptor-regulated chloride flux in rat cortical synaptoneurosomes

Synaptoneurosomes isolated from cerebral cortices of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for studying GABA_A receptor-regulated chloride influx. The in vitro effects of GABA antagonists, SR 95531 (a pyridazinyl GABA derivative) and bicuculline, on pentobarbital-stimulated, muscimol-stimulated or flunitrazepam-enhanced, muscimol-stimulated chloride uptake were studied. The chloride uptake was determined at 30°C, for 5 sec. Pentobarbital and muscimol produced a maximal stimulation of chloride uptake in cortical synaptoneurosomes at 500 M and 50M, respectively. SR 95531 as well as bicuculline had no effect on the basal uptake of chloride. Whereas, SR 95531 (0.3–30 M) and bicuculline (0.1–100 M), when added 5 min before muscimol (50 M), produced a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of muscimol (50 M)-stimulated chloride uptake (IC₅₀ s of 0.89±0.11 M and 13.45±2.10M, respectively). In studies of the inhibitory effects of SR 95531 and bicuculline on pentobarbital (500 M)-stimulated chloride uptake, the IC₅₀ s were 0.81±0.12 M and 3.86±1.14 M, respectively. SR 95531 exhibited a more potent inhibitory effect than bicuculline on flunitrazepam-enhanced, muscimol-stimulated chloride uptake. The results revealed that SR 95531 has a more potent antagonistic effect than bicuculline on GABA_A-regulated chloride flux.     

In vitro clonal propagation of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze)

A system for in vitro clonal propagation has been developed in tea plants. Shoots obtained from primary explants were induced from terminal buds and axillary buds of mature field-grown plants. Cultures were initiated from both types of explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10% coconut milk (CM), 200 mg l^-1 of yeast extract (YE), 1.4 M indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 17.8 M benzyladenine (BA). The shoot tips were multiplied on 1/2 strength MS medium containing 10% CM, 2.9 M IAA and 17.8 M BA. The larger shoots were separated after multiplication and rooted on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 11.4 M ascorbic acid and 34.5 M indolebutyric acid (IBA). A pretreatment of the plants with an aqueous solution of 493 M IBA greatly increased the frequency of rooting. More than 60% of the rooted plants have been transferred to soil successfully.Abbreviations BA benzyladenine - IAA indoleacetic acid - IBA indolebutyric acid - YE yeast extract - CM coconut milk - MS Murashige and Skoog medium (1962)     

Plant regeneration from embryo-derived callus of oil palm – the effect of exogenous polyamines

Regeneration in oil palm was achieved through somatic embryogenesis/organogenesis from embryo-derived callus. Callus was induced from mature embryos of the cross 281 (D)×18 (P) on modified MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (113.12 M) and 2-iP (14.76 M). The embryogenic calluses obtained were transferred to Blaydes medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.045 M) and one of the following growth regulators: TDZ (4.54 M), zeatin riboside (2.85 M), putrescine (1 mM) and spermine (100 M). Secondary somatic embryogenesis was found to occur in media supplemented with polyamines. The efficiency of formation of somatic embryos, secondary somatic embryos and shoot meristemoids were significantly higher in putrescine containing medium. Histological studies were also undertaken.     

Karyometry of nuclei in liver cells

Summary In untreated adult male albino rats nuclear volume and the percentage of binucleate cells were determined in the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to hepatic venous branches of varying diameters (<40 m, 40 m–80 m, 80 m–120m, 120 m–160 m, >160 m), and in the third and fourth layer of hepatocytes in the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. In the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to the vascular structures means of nuclear volume are significantly lower and percentage of binucleate cells significantly higher than in the cells of the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma. Within each area measured distribution curves of nuclear volume classes were homogeneous but showed heterogeneity in comparison with each other. The morphometric data presented in this study strongly support the opinion of the heterogeneity of liver cells in the perivenous zone, as previously postulated on the basis of histochemical investigations.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Hi 318/2-1)     

Increased locus coeruleus glutamate levels are associated with naloxone-precipitate withdrawal from butorphanol in the rat

Extracellular fluid levels of glutamate were measured in the locus coeruleus during butorphanol (a mixed agonist at -, -, and -opioid receptors) withdrawal by using microdialysis in conscious butorphanol-dependent Sprague-Dawley rats. Guide cannulae were implanted chronically and rats were given intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusions of butorphanol (26 nmol/l l/hr) or saline (1 l/hr) for 3 days. Microdialysis probes (2 mm tip) were inserted into the locus coeruleus 24 hr before precipitation of withdrawal by i.c.v. injection of naloxone (48 nmol/5 l). A separate series of rats was rendered dependent by peripheral injection of butorphanol (20 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d.) for 5 days and naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was given to precipitate withdrawal. Single injections of butorphanol (26 nmol/5 l, i.c.v.) had no effect on the extracellular fluid levels of glutamate, compared to rats injected with vehicle. Behavioral evidence of withdrawal was detected following naloxone challenge in butorphanol-dependent rats (both i.c.v. and s.c. models), but not in nondependent, vehicle-treated rats. Significant increases (P<0.05) in levels of glutamate were noted after naloxone-precipitated withdrawal only in the butorphanol group. The glutamate levels in the locus coeruleus increased from 8.37±2.01 before, to 21.93±4.58 M in the first 15 min sample following i.c.v. injections of 48 nmol/5 l naloxone and from 10.84±1.74 before, to 26.01±6.19 M in the 15–30 min sample following i.p. injections of 5 mg/kg naloxone in the butorphanol-dependent rats, respectively. These results provide direct evidence to support the role of excitatory amino acids within the locus coeruleus in butorphanol withdrawal.     

Effects of Pb2+, Ni2+, Hg2+ and Se4+ on cultured cells. Analysis of uptake, toxicity and influence on radiosensitivity

Effects of Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Se⁴⁺ on cultured human glioma U-343MG cells were investigated considering uptake, toxicity and, in combination with radiation, clonogenic cell survival. The cells were exposed to 0-100 m of the metals for a week before the evaluation. The tests showed a tendency to toxicity with 10 m nickel although not significant (P > 0.05). Selenium, lead and mercury exerted a significant toxicity (P < 0.05) at 2.5 m, 10 m and 1 m, respectively. To challenge the clonogenic cell survival capacity, the cells were irradiated with⁶⁰Co photons after being exposed to the highest nontoxic concentration of the different metals. The clonogenic cell survival tests, after irradiation, showed no significant change if the cells were exposed to 5 m nickel, 0.5 m selenium or 5 m lead compared with those not exposed. Mercury, 0.1 m, gave a relative reduction in survival compared with only irradiated cells of 58 ± 17%. Thus, only mercury affected the radiation-induced damage and/or repair. When exposed to the highest nontoxic concentrations of the different metals, the cultures did not display a significant uptake ratio (metal concentration ratio of exposed cells to control cells) of nickel (3.1 ± 3.3), only a small uptake ratio of selenium (4.0 ± 0.4), while there was a large uptake ratio of both lead (2.6 ± 1.7) x 10² and mercury (1.5 ± 0.2) x 10¹. The results indicated that nickel was neither especially toxic nor influenced the clonogenic cell survival after irradiation. Mercury was more toxic and also influenced the radiation sensitivity. Lead was taken up strongly but did not influence the radiation sensitivity. Selenium accumulated but gave no detectable effect on the radiation sensitivity.     

Phenylacetic acid-induced somatic embryogenesis in cultured hypocotyl explants of geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum Bailey)

Summary The effect of a non-indole compound, phenylacetic acid (PAA), on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in tissue cultures of geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum Bailey cv. Scarlet Orbit Improved) was investigated. Hypocotyl explants derived from young, dark-grown seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with PAA or IAA (0.01–120 M) alone or in combination with BAP (8 M). Somatic embryogenesis was induced by both PAA and IAA at 0.01–20 M with 8 M BAP, however, the optima differed considerably for the two compounds. Maximal activity of IAA for somatic embryogenesis was found at 0.1–2.5 M, whereas PAA gave best results at 10 and 20 M under identical culture conditions. Higher concentrations (30–120 M) of IAA or PAA in the medium induced callusing in the explants, but the callus was neither embryogenic nor morphogenic.Abbreviations BAP N⁶-benzylaminopurine - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog (1962) - PAA phenylacetic acid     

Studies on the morphology and taxonomy of three new myxosporeans of the genus Sinuolinea Davis, 1917 (Myxosporea: Sinuolineidae) infecting the urinary bladder of some marine fishes from the Shandong coast,China

The morphology and taxonomy of three new species of myxosporeans (Myxosporea: Sinuolineidae), Sinuolinea shandongensis n. sp., S. argyrosomi n. sp. and S. platycephali n. sp., parasitising marine fishes collected from the Yellow Sea off the coast of southeast Shandong, China, were investigated. These species, including spores and plasmodia, were found in the urinary bladder of their hosts. The diagnostic features of the new species are as follows. S. shandongensis n. sp. from Nibea albiflora: monosporous and disporous plasmodia, 29–37 × 29–27 m; spore inversely pyramidal or spherical, with smooth surface and fine, highly sinuous sutural line, 16.4±2.4 (15–20) × 16.1±1.1 (15–18) m; two spherical polar capsules located anteriorly and conspicuously separated from each other, 4.8±0.3 (4.5–5.5) m in diameter; length of polar filament 59–61 m; coelozoic. S. argyrosomi n. sp. from Argyrosomus argentatus: monosporous plasmodium, (33–42) × (24–25) m; spore subspherical to spherical, with smooth surface and highly sinuous sutural line, 18.1±1.0 (17–20) × 19.8±1.3 (18–22) m; two spherical polar capsules located anteriorly and conspicuously separated from each other, 4.4±0.2 (4–5) m in diameter; length of polar filament 47–50 m; coelozoic. S. platycephali n. sp. from Platycephalus indicus: monosporous, disporous and polyporous plasmodia, 25–42 × 17–31 m; spore spherical with smooth surface and highly sinuous sutural line, 14.5±0.5 (14–15) m in diameter; two spherical polar capsules located anteriorly and conspicuously separated from each other, 4.3±0.2 (4–4.5) m in diameter; coelozoic.