b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗中载体蛋白质的效力研究

考察b型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib)结合疫苗的载体蛋白质—破伤风类毒素(TT)的免疫原性,为百白破与Hib四联疫苗中TT的使用提供参考。方法:将小鼠随机分为四组,分别注射Hib结合疫苗、Hib与百白混合疫苗、Hib与百白破混合疫苗、破伤风类毒素,比较它们在NIH小鼠体内所诱导产生的特异性抗体水平,并对这四组疫苗进行破伤风效力保护试验。结果表明,破伤风类毒素组,Hib与百白破混合疫苗组刺激的TT抗体水平远大于Hib结合疫苗组和Hib与百白混合疫苗组。效力试验虽四组间没有差异,只说明一定的抗体量就可以对小鼠提供保护。认为Hib结合疫苗中的载体蛋白并不能替代百白破疫苗中的破伤风类毒素。     

国产b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗免疫原性观察

目的:了解兰州生物制品研究所研制的b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗的免疫原性。方法:采用单纯随机抽样方法对柳州市709名3～59月龄婴幼儿按照规定的免疫程序接种兰州所(或巴斯德)Hib疫苗,2年内在不同时段采集血清样本,采用ELISA方法检测Hib-PRP抗体滴度。结果:基础免疫后血清Hib-PRP抗体含量平均水平为18.043μg/ml,抗体阳转率为97.19%,1年后血清Hib-PRP抗体含量为7.575μg/ml,抗体阳转率为93.75%。加强免疫后血清Hib-PRP抗体含量为130.330μg/ml,抗体阳转率为100.00%,加强免疫1年后血清Hib-PRP抗体含量为51.723μg/ml,抗体阳转率为100.00%。基础免疫后接种巴斯德Hib疫苗组血清Hib抗体含量高于接种兰州所Hib疫苗组,抗体阳转率则没有差别;免后1年,接种兰州所Hib疫苗儿童体内Hib抗体含量平均水平高于接种法国巴斯德Hib疫苗儿童;其余各时段两组儿童血清Hib-PRP抗体含量及抗体阳转率均无差别。结论:兰州所Hib疫苗有较好的免疫原性和免疫持久性。     

药品包装材料与b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗相容性研究

目的考察不同组合的内包装材料对Hib结合疫苗的影响,选出最适合的包装材料。方法对所选药品包装材料按照生产厂家的不同来搭配,共得到12种组合,根据相容性试验设计,将样品置于25±2℃环境下,分别在1、2、3、6个月时取样,进行pH值、内毒素、不溶性微粒3个项目的检测。结果对pH值、内毒素含量、不溶性微粒检测数据进行分析,选出了对Hib结合疫苗影响最小的包装材料组合C+Y组。结论一个适宜的包装内环境对产品的稳定性十分重要。     

b型流感嗜血杆菌及其疫苗研究进展

ｂ型流感嗜血杆菌是引起小儿严重细菌感染的主要致病菌。本文介绍了国内外有关Ｈｉｂ的病原学、流行病学以及疫苗的研究进展     

2011—2016年河南省b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗预防接种不良反应监测分析

目的分析2011—2016年河南省b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗(简称Hib疫苗)预防接种不良反应的发生特征,评价Hib疫苗预防接种的安全性。方法通过中国免疫规划信息管理系统,收集2011—2016年河南省报告的Hib疫苗不良反应个案数据和Hib疫苗接种数据,采用描述流行病学方法对其进行分析。结果 2011—2016河南省共报告Hib疫苗接种不良反应960例,年平均报告发生率为10.55/10万剂次;以一般反应为主,占93.23%;4—8月为高峰;主要集中在郑州市、洛阳市、濮阳市和周口市;男性多于女性;<1岁儿童为主要报告人群;不良反应主要发生在首剂次接种后及接种后2 d内。一般反应的主要症状为发热、红肿、硬结,异常反应主要为过敏反应性疾病,治愈或好转达99.79%。结论 Hib疫苗不良反应报告发生率较低,具有良好的安全性。     

b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗促进人气道上皮细胞hBD-2表达

目的:检验b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗在体外能否刺激人气道上皮细胞hBD-2表达,并探讨人工诱导防御素表达的方法.方法:体外分离、培养原代人气道上皮细胞.b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗刺激原代人气道上皮细胞后,用RT-PCR和ELISA法检测培养上清液中hBD-2蛋白的表达.收集刺激后的细胞培养上清液进行抑菌实验.结果:浓度＞1 μg/ml的b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗刺激原代人气道上皮细胞12h后,可诱导hBD-2 mRNA的表达,与对照组相比较有显著差异(P＜0.01),无剂量依赖性,同时细胞培养上清液中hBD-2蛋白的表达上调.1μg/mlb型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗浓缩后的细胞培养上清液具有抑菌作用.结论:一定浓度(1μg/mL)以上的b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗作用于人原代气道上皮细胞可诱导hBD-2的表达,为人工方法刺激机体产生人β防御素-2,对抗病原菌感染提供新的策略.     

伤寒结合疫苗免疫原性和动物安全性研究

伤寒V i多糖与白喉类毒素(DT)蛋白以己二酰肼(ADH)作连接臂,在碳二亚胺(EDAC)的作用下结合成V i-DT结合物,进行抗原性、免疫原性和动物安全性试验。结果显示,3批结合物抗体阳转率均为100%,加强免疫一针后GMT值明显升高(p<0.001),免疫剂量以0.75μg/只抗体增长最为明显,甚至以低剂量0.375μg/只仍能获得较高的抗体滴度,多项动物试验证明该结合物是安全的。显示V i-DT结合物有很好的动物安全性和免疫原性,为临床试验提供实验室依据。     

冻干人用狂犬病纯化疫苗的研制

在以原代地鼠肾细胞培养生产狂犬病疫苗工艺的基础上,通过对病毒收获液的浓缩倍数、灭活方式的改进及优化、冻干稳定剂的筛选、冻干曲线的确立,制备出了冻干疫苗,其质量及稳定性较液体疫苗有了整体水平的提高,各项检定结果均符合《中国生物制品规程》(2000版)。     

伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗在小鼠中的免疫原性研究

以伤寒Vi多糖疫苗及结合物含量分别为20％、40％、60％的伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗经皮下免疫小鼠后眼眶采血分离血清,用ELISA法测血清抗体浓度。血清抗体分析表明,伤寒Vi多糖疫苗和伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗均有良好的免疫原性,但伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗的免疫原性优于伤寒Vi多糖疫苗;伤寒Vi多糖疫苗无加强免疫应答效应,而伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗有加强免疫应答效应;不同高分子结合物含量的伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗免疫小鼠,其结合物含量为40％、60％的伤寒Vi-rEPA结合疫苗比结合物含量为20％的结合疫苗具有更好的免疫原性,而前二者的免疫原性无显著性差异。     

b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗的研究进展及应用策略

b型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib)是儿童感染性疾病的主要原因之一,常引起严重感染,自Hib疫苗问世以来,已有九十多个国家的儿童接种了该疫苗,在常规接种疫苗的国家Hib疾病的发病率迅速下降,Hib疾病成为可用疫苗预防的疾病。本文对Hib疫苗的发展及免疫策略作一综述。     

Presence of multiple copies of capsulation loci in invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) strains in Japan before introduction of the Hib conjugate vaccine

Despite the effectiveness of the Hib vaccine, multiple amplification of the capb locus contributes to vaccine failure. However, there has been no report on the effect of Hib locus amplification in Japan. We examined 24 Hib strains from Japanese children with invasive diseases due to Hib. Although all strains showed the same capb sequence, Southern blot analysis showed that four strains (16.7%) harbored multiple copies (more than two) of the capb locus. Careful analysis of the locus in circulating Hib strains is necessary now that the Hib vaccine has been introduced into Japan.     

Evaluation of Haemophilus influenzae type b carrier status among children 10 years after the introduction of Hib vaccine in Brazil

The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) nasopharyngeal (NP) colonisation among healthy children where Hib vaccination using a 3p+0 dosing schedule has been routinely administered for 10 years with sustained coverage (> 90%). NP swabs were collected from 2,558 children who had received the Hib vaccine, of whom 1,379 were 12-< 24 months (m) old and 1,179 were 48-< 60 m old. Hi strains were identified by molecular methods. Hi carriage prevalence was 45.1% (1,153/2,558) and the prevalence in the 12-< 24 m and 48-< 60 m age groups were 37.5% (517/1,379) and 53.9% (636/1,179), respectively. Hib was identified in 0.6% (16/2,558) of all children in the study, being 0.8% (11/1,379) and 0.4% (5/1,179) among the 12-< 24 m and 48-< 60 m age groups, respectively. The nonencapsulate Hi colonisation was 43% (n = 1,099) and was significantly more frequent at 48-< 60 m of age (51.6%, n = 608) compared with that at 12-< 24 m of age (35.6%, n = 491). The overall resistance rates to ampicillin and chloramphenicol were 16.5% and 3.7%, respectively; the co-resistance was detected in 2.6%. Our findings showed that the Hib carrier rate in healthy children under five years was very low after 10 years of the introduction of the Hib vaccine.     

不同稀释液对冻干A、C群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗质量的影响

为选择合适的的冻干A、C群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗的稀释液,以注射用水(H2O)、生理盐水(NS)、磷酸盐缓冲液(PBSpH6.8～7.2)作为候选稀释液,进行了相关溶解度、pH、渗透压、异常毒性、免疫原性的检测比较。溶解度、pH、免疫原性结果显示三种稀释液无差异;H2O作为稀释液的渗透压不符合人用制剂渗透压的要求,另两者则符合要求;三种稀释液溶解制品后的pH检测数据均符合要求,但PBS的缓冲能力更强。故认为PBS更适合作为冻干A、C群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗的稀释液。     

鼠伤寒结合疫苗研制的初步探讨

通过对鼠伤寒沙门菌LH株的发酵培养,热酚水法提取脂多糖LPS,1%乙酸沸水浴水解90m in脱毒,Super-dex 200柱层析,收集第一峰为鼠伤寒O-SP抗原;然后用CDAP对O-SP活化、ADH衍生后,在EDAC的缩合作用下,结合到破伤风类毒素TT上,制备出鼠伤寒结合疫苗;用含2.5μg多糖鼠伤寒结合疫苗免疫小鼠,以2.5μgO-SP多糖生理盐水溶液以及生理盐水溶液为对照组,间隔14天,免疫三针;以LPS为包被抗原,用间接ELISA法测定血清中抗鼠伤寒LPS IgG抗体。鼠伤寒结合疫苗三针免疫后,小鼠血清抗鼠伤寒LPS IgG抗体效价达到1:80以上的比例为84.2%,而总的几何平均滴度(GMT)达到796;说明制备的鼠伤寒结合疫苗有良好的免疫原性,而且鼠伤寒结合疫苗在小鼠和豚鼠体内有良好的安全性。     

Process development of a New Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine and the use of mathematical modeling to identify process optimization possibilities

Vaccination is one of the most successful public health interventions being a cost‐effective tool in preventing deaths among young children. The earliest vaccines were developed following empirical methods, creating vaccines by trial and error. New process development tools, for example mathematical modeling, as well as new regulatory initiatives requiring better understanding of both the product and the process are being applied to well‐characterized biopharmaceuticals (for example recombinant proteins). The vaccine industry is still running behind in comparison to these industries. A production process for a new Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine, including related quality control (QC) tests, was developed and transferred to a number of emerging vaccine manufacturers. This contributed to a sustainable global supply of affordable Hib conjugate vaccines, as illustrated by the market launch of the first Hib vaccine based on this technology in 2007 and concomitant price reduction of Hib vaccines. This paper describes the development approach followed for this Hib conjugate vaccine as well as the mathematical modeling tool applied recently in order to indicate options for further improvements of the initial Hib process. The strategy followed during the process development of this Hib conjugate vaccine was a targeted and integrated approach based on prior knowledge and experience with similar products using multi‐disciplinary expertise. Mathematical modeling was used to develop a predictive model for the initial Hib process (the ‘baseline’ model) as well as an ‘optimized’ model, by proposing a number of process changes which could lead to further reduction in price. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:568–580, 2016     

冻干水痘减毒活疫苗转瓶生产工艺的建立

应用旋转培养的方法,建立冻干水痘减毒活疫苗的生产工艺。选择长成致密单层的2BS细胞,接种带状疱疹病毒Oka株,待细胞病变达75％以上时,收获病毒液,经超声破碎、离心、澄清,冻干后,按常规检定,疫苗各项检定符合《WHO水痘活疫苗规程》及《冻干水痘减毒活疫苗制造及检定试行规程》要求。与克氏瓶相比,应用旋转培养,不但提高了疫苗单产,降低了牛血清蛋白残留量,而且疫苗质量也保持稳定。