红叶野桐叶中的木脂素类化合物

为探究红叶野桐(Mallotus paxii )叶的化学成分,该研究采用正相硅胶、反相硅胶C₁₈、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、反相半制备高效液相等色谱方法对红叶野桐叶提取物进行分离、纯化,利用¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR、HR-ESI-MS等波谱数据,结合 参考文献,鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明:从红叶野桐叶中分离得到12个木脂素类化合物,分别是7″,8″-threo-buddlenol D(1)、buddlenol D(2)、7″,8″-threo-buddlenol C(3)、buddlenol C(4)、(+)-丁香脂素(5)、表松脂醇(6)、松脂素(7)、1-acetoxyl-2e,6e-dipiperonyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo-[3,3,0]-octane(8)、刺五加酮(9)、落叶松脂醇-4''-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)、rel-(2α,3β)-7-O-methylcedrusin(11)和dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl-alcohol 4''-O-β-D-glucoside(12)。以上木脂素类化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,部分木脂素类化合物具有良好的药理活性如抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等。该研究结果表明,红叶野桐叶中含有丰富且活性良好的木脂素类化合物,说明其良好的药用价值可能与这些木脂素类化合物有关。     

木荷茎中木脂素类化学成分研究

为了研究山茶科植物木荷(Schima superbaGardn.et Champ.)茎中的化学成分,采用硅胶柱层析、Sepha-dex LH-20、HPLC等色谱方法进行分离,NMR和MS等波谱学方法进行结构鉴定,从木荷茎中分离鉴定了9个木脂素类化合物,分别为丁香脂素(syringaresinol,1)、pinoresinol(2)、落叶松脂醇(lariciresinol,3)、balanophonin(4)、3-acetoxymethyl-5-[(E)-2-formylethen-1-yl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran(5)、4,9-dihydroxy-3,5′-dimethoxy-4′,7-epoxy-8,5′-neolignane-9′-yl acetate(6)、二聚松柏醇(dihydrodehydrodico-nifery alcohol,7)、异落叶松脂素(isolariciresinol,8)和1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-O-(2-methoxy-4-omegahydroxypropylphenyl)propane-1,3-diol(9)。以上木脂素类化合物均为首次从该植物分离得到。     

地枇杷的化学成分及抗氧化活性研究CSCD

本文对土家族民间药材地枇杷进行化学成分及抗氧化活性研究。运用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、大孔树脂柱色谱结合半制备高效液相色谱等手段对其乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,利用核磁共振波谱、质谱等方法对化合物进行结构鉴定,分离得到17个化合物,分别鉴定为高山金莲花素(1)、(+)-儿茶素(2)、异紫花前胡苷(3)、补骨脂素(4)、佛手柑内酯(5)、(+)-南烛木树脂酚-3α-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、(+)-南烛木树脂酚-3α-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(7)、异落叶松脂素-9-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、ssioriside(9)、华中冬青素(10)、异落叶松脂素(11)、(7R,8S)-3,5′-二甲氧基-4′,7-环氧-8,3′-新木脂烷-5,9,9′-三醇(12)、6,7-二甲氧基-4-羟基-1-萘甲酸(13)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸乙酯(14)、bluemenol A(15)、3,3′,4,4′-四羟基联苯(16)、绿原酸乙酯(17)。化合物1~4、6~17为首次从该植物中分离得到。使用DPPH自由基清除率、总抗氧化能力、超氧阴离子清除能力三个指标来测定17个化合物的抗氧化活性。结果显示木脂素类化合物9、10,多酚类化合物13、14、16具有良好的DPPH自由基清除能力及总抗氧化能力,表现出的抗氧化活性与同浓度抗坏血酸活性相当。     

植物中松脂醇-落叶松脂素还原酶催化特征研究进展

松脂醇-落叶松脂素还原酶(PLR)是植物中木脂素生物合成的关键酶,能够催化松脂醇转化为落叶松脂素,并进一步催化落叶松脂素生成开环异落叶松脂素,且存在底物立体选择性,是一种NADPH依赖型还原酶。PLR的催化产物位于不同类型8-8′木脂素的源头,其底物选择性直接决定木脂素的骨架类型,如呋喃、二苄基丁烷、二苄基丁内酯和芳基四氢萘木脂素。因此, PLR的催化特性和表达特征在植物木脂素组成及其生物活性多样性中发挥重要作用。该文综述了PLR在植物木脂素生物合成中的作用、对映异构体选择性及其催化机制,以期为进一步研究PLR基因的生物学功能以及催化机制奠定基础,并为不同类型木脂素的精确生物合成指明方向。     

匙叶八角中一个新的倍半木脂素

从匙叶八角(Illicium spathulatum)果实中分离得到一个新的倍半新木脂素,通过现代波谱技术确定其结构为7′, 8′-反式-7″, 8″ 顺式-5, 3′,3″-三甲氧基倍半新木脂素。     

杜仲皮中木脂素类化学成分及其对高糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞保护作用研究

研究杜仲皮中的木脂素类化学成分,并评价其对高糖诱导的人肾小球系膜细胞的保护作用。将杜仲树皮粉碎后,纯化水提取,采用HPD-100大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、半制备高效液相色谱等方法进行分离,根据理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构,从杜仲皮水提物中分离鉴定了6个木脂素类化合物,包括caruilignan D(1)、(-)-表松脂素(2)、(+)-松脂素4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、(-)-松脂素4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、(+)-中脂素4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)和(+)-中脂素4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),化合物1为首次从杜仲中分离得到。在高糖诱导异常增殖的肾小球系膜细胞模型中,采用MTT法检测木脂素类化合物干预后的细胞活力。化合物5能剂量依赖性地抑制细胞增殖,对高糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞具有保护活性。     

民间草药椭圆叶绣线菊的非生物碱成分

从椭圆叶绣线菊 (Spiraeajaponicavar ovalifoliaFranch)全株的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了 10个非生物碱类化合物 ,包括 5个木脂素 :(± )syringaresinol (1) ,( )cyclo olivil(2 ) ,isolariciresinol 9 O β D xylopyranoside (3) ,isolariciresinol 9 O β D glucopyranoside (4) ,5 methoxy isolariciresinol 9 O β D xylopyranoside (5 ) ,1个三萜酸 :18-羟基乌索酸 (18 hy droxyursolicacid ,6 ) ;2个甾醇类 :β -谷甾醇 (β sitosterol,7)和葫萝卜苷 (daucosterol,8) ;1个脂肪醇 :10 nonacosanol (9)和 1个脂肪酸三棱酸 :(sanlengacid ,10 )。除化合物 6～ 8外 ,其它 7个化合物均为首次从该复合群植物仔得到。木脂素等成分的鉴定为该植物的药效学研究提供了新的化学依据     

鸡脚参中一个新木脂素

从鸡脚参[Orthosiphon wulfenioides (Diels)Hand.-Marzz.]根中提取分离了一个新的木脂素,命名为鸡脚参木脂素。其结构由NMR、MS等波谱分析确定。初步活性实验显示该化合物不具备抗真菌和抗肿瘤活性。     

白粉藤的木脂素和三萜成分

从白粉藤（Cissus repens Lank）地上部分分离得到5个木脂素和8个三萜,其中一个木脂素是新化合物,它的结构通过波谱分析和碱水解的方法鉴定为：（＋）-异落叶松树脂醇-9′-（2-对-香豆酰）-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷（1）。其余化合物分别是：（＋）-异落叶松树脂醇-9′-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷（2）,（＋）-Lyoniside（3）,（—）-开环异落叶松树脂醇-9-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷（4）,（7′R,8′S）-4′-hydroxy-3′,5-dimethoxy-7,8′-dihydrobenzofuran-1-propanolneolignan-9′-O-β-D-xylopyranoside（5）,木栓酮（6）,表木栓醇（7）,蒲公英赛醇乙酸酯（8）,熊果酸（9）,2α-羟基乌索酸（10）,积雪草酸（11）,Niga-ichigoside F1（12）,羽扇豆醇（13）。这些化合物都是首次从该植物中分离得到。     

匙叶八角中一个新的倍半木脂素（英文）

从匙叶八角（Illicium spathulatum）果实中分离得到一个新的倍半新木脂素,通过现代波谱技术确定其结构为7′,8′-反式-7″,8″-顺式-5,3′,3″-三甲氧基倍半新木脂素。     

Antioxidative oligostilbenes from Caragana sinica

Two new oligostilbenes, caragasinins A (5) and B (10), and eight known compounds, kobophenol A (1), (+)-α-viniferin (2), (+)-ampelopsin F (3), pallidol (4), (+)-isoampelopsin F (6), miyabenol C (7), carasinaurone (8) and caraphenol B (9) were isolated from the ethylacetate-soluble extract of the roots of Caragana sinica. The structures of the isolates were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D, 2D NMR and HRESI-MS. These compounds were assessed for antioxidant activities. Caragasinin A (5), caraphenol B (9), and caragasinin B (10) showed moderate DPPH scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities with IC(50) values ranging from 34.7±1.0 to 89.1±2.3μM.     

中间锦鸡儿DHN1基因克隆及表达分析

脱水素(DHNs, dehydrins)是LEA II亚家族蛋白,在种子发育后期大量积累,并受不同逆境胁迫处理诱导表达。在中间锦鸡儿干旱胁迫抑制性削减杂交文库中筛选到了一段 DHN1 序列,利用RACE技术克隆获得基因全长序列。序列比对分析表明, CiDHN1 具有开放阅读框891bp,起始密码子为ATG,终止密码子为TAG,编码297个氨基酸,含有5个Y片段和一个K片段,与CiDHN1相似性最高的为山茱萸科主教红端木(Cornus sericea),相似性为39%。系统进化分析显示CiDHN1单独聚为一支,推测该蛋白为新的功能未知蛋白。亚细胞定位结果表明CiDHN1定位在细胞质、质膜和细胞核。荧光定量PCR结果显示 CiDHN1 的表达受冷、脱水和NaCl等非生物胁迫的诱导。 CiDHN1 过量表达拟南芥后,其中表达量最强的株系对200 mmol/L的NaCl处理较为敏感。CiDHN1在中间锦鸡儿抵抗逆境胁迫中的功能有待于进一步研究。     

Isolation and culture of embryonic stem-like cells from pig nuclear transfer blastocysts of different days

This study was conducted to establish pig embryonic stem (ES)-like cell lines from nuclear transfer blastocysts. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cell line was used as the source of donor cells injected into the enucleated oocytes. Blastocysts were collected at D5 (the fifth day), D7 (the seventh day) and D9 (the ninth day). Differential staining was used to assay the viability and development of blastocysts from the 3 days. The number of inner cell mass (ICM) cells increased from 1.83 ± 0.8 (D5) to 5.37 ± 1.2 (D7) to 7.56 ± 1.5 (D9). The expression profiles of embryonic stem (ES) cell factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC) correlated best with the undifferentiated ES state and were identified by qPCR. The expression of the four factors was increased from D5 to D7, whereas the expression decreased from D7 to D9. We tried to isolate ES-like cells from these embryos. However, ES-like cells from the D7 blastocysts grew slowly and expressed alkaline phosphatase. The cells from the D9 blastocysts grew rapidly but did not express alkaline phosphatase. ES-like cells were not isolated from the D5 blastocysts. These results show that the cells from the D7 embryos are pluripotent but grow slowly. The cells from the D9 embryos grow rapidly but start to lose pluripotency.     

Antinociceptive activity and chemical composition of constituents from Caragana microphylla seeds

This investigation was undertaken to ascertain the antinociceptive activity of Caragana microphylla Lam. seeds and isolate and characterize the constituents. Antinociceptive activity was screened using acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction in ICR mice. The 75% ethanol extract and some fractions showed analgesic activity, but the antinociceptive activity of chloroform fraction was the strongest and was more productive than other fractions. Seven compounds were isolated from it and identified as: (1) machaeric acid, (2) beta-sitosterol, (3) stigmasterol, (4) pratol, (5) dehydrocavidine, (6) formononetin and (7) sucrose. Caragana microphylla Lam. seeds showed analgesic activity, with the chloroform fraction showing the strongest analgesic activity among the fractions.     

毛乌素沙地中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌的多样性及其抗逆性

从内蒙古毛乌素沙地优势物种中问锦鸡儿收集根瘤,分离根瘤菌15株,对其进行同工酶电泳,聚类分析证明中间锦坞儿的遗传多样性对其耐盐性、耐酸碱性、生长温度范围、产酸产碱性、过氧化氢酶活性以及唯一碳源利用能力进行比较研究,结果表明,所有中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌均分泌H^+,都具有过氧化氢酶活性,73.3%的菌株可以在含3％NaCl的YMA培养基上生长,80％的菌株可以抵抗50℃高温,除对乳糖和淀粉利用表现出差异外,中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌对其余碳源没有选择性,证明中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌具有较强的抗逆性,但仍存在菌株间差异,是对毛乌素沙地多种景观生态类型的适应作为一种新的种质资源,中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌可用于恶劣生境固氮。     

Genetic diversity of rhizobia isolated from Caragana intermedia in Maowusu sandland,north of China

AIMS: Thirty-three rhizobial strains isolated from nodules of Caragana intermedia in Maowusu sandland were examined for their genetic diversity and putative phylogenetic position. METHODS AND RESULTS: Isolates from Caragana intermedia were classified into 12 genotypes by 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), which showed no distinct relationships with those of the reference strains. The genotypes of rhizobia were not related to geographical location. Thr 16S rDNA sequence of representative strain GH2001 from dominant genotype 2 shared high homologuey with some Rhizobium species: Rh. giardinii (96.4%), Rh. huautlense (95.3%), Rh. galegae (95.7%), Rh. yanglingense (95.2%), Rh. mongolense (95.6%), Rh. radiobacter (99%) and Rh. rubi (98.3%). CONCLUSIONS: A high degree of genetic diversity existed among rhizobia nodulating Caragana intermedia in Maowusu sandland. Most of the new isolates might belong to Rhizobium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results suggest that the rich diversity of rhizobia might have contributed to the adaptation of the arid region. These strains could be valuable at the economic and ecosystem level.     

A new benzoylphloroglucinol derivative with an adamantyl skeleton and other constituents from Garcinia multiflora: effects on neutrophil pro-inflammatory responses

A novel benzoylphloroglucinol derivative, garcimultiflorone D (1), with an unusual adamantyl-caged skeleton was isolated from the fruits of Garcinia multiflora, together with four known compounds. The structure of 1 was determined through extensive 1D/2D-NMR and mass-spectrometric analyses. Garcimultiflorone D (1) exhibited inhibitory activities with IC(50) values of 7.21±1.07 and 6.01±0.37?μg/ml against fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release, respectively.     

白皮锦鸡儿黄酮醇类化合物及其抗菌和抗氧化活性(英文)

从豆科植物白皮锦鸡儿(Caragana leucophloea Pojark.)地上部分分离到3个黄酮醇类化合物,经理化和波谱分析鉴定为3-O-甲基山奈酚(1)、3-O-甲基槲皮素(2)和槲皮素(3)。活性测定表明,1表现出较强的抗细菌活性,对大肠杆菌和番茄疮痂病菌的半抑制浓度分别为9.00μg/mL和7.42μg/mL,最低抑制浓度均为12.5μg/mL;而2和3则表现出较强的抗氧化活性,对DPPH还原的半抑制浓度分别为14.39μg/mL和13.64μg/mL;对β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸氧化的半抑制浓度分别为10.26μg/mL和9.87μg/mL。上述黄酮醇类化合物均为首次从白皮锦鸡儿中分离得到。     

内蒙古羊草草原植物种能量含量及其在群落中的作用

根据11a的野外实验对内蒙古羊草草原群落42种植物的能量含量（含灰分）及其在群落中的相对生物量进行了研究。不同植物种地上部分的能量含量在（13156±1141）J／g和（18141±527）J／g之间变动,所有物种的平均能量含量为（16899±840）J／g,种间变异系数4．9％。小叶锦鸡儿具有最高的能量含量。禾草的平均能量含量高于杂草。根据生活型和生长型,草本物种被进一步分组,能量含量从高到低的排列顺序为：高禾草（17717±92）J／g〉豆科植物（17228±433）J／g〉矮禾草（17250±218）J／g〉其余杂草（16784±529）J／g〉半灌木（16719±69）J／g〉1、2年生植物（15911±1759）J／g。42种植物的能量含量和它们在群落中的相对生物量存在显著正相关关系。根据它们在群落中的构成比例进行分组,以物种在群落中的相对生物量为权重,各组能量含量依次为：优势种（17740J／g）〉伴生种（17244J／g。）〉偶见种（16653J／g）。高能量含量的植物更具竞争力,在群落中通常占据优势地位,而低能量含量的植物竞争力通常较弱,构成草原群落的伴生种或偶见种。     

Inoculating poultry manure with companion bacteria influences growth and development of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae

The growth and development of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), larvae fed chicken manure inoculated with bacteria isolated from black soldier fly larvae and associated larval feed was evaluated. Four strains of Bacillus subtilis were evaluated. B. subtilis strains S15, S16, S19, were isolated from the gut of black soldier fly larvae. B. natto strain D1 was isolated from the diet fed to black soldier fly larvae. These bacteria were added individually into nonsterile 200 g fresh hen manure at 10(6) cfu/g and homogenized. Treated manure was then inoculated with 4-d old black soldier fly larvae. Prepupal weight ranged from 0.0606 g in the control to 0.0946 g in manure treated with the S15 strain. Larval survivorship to the prepupal stage in all treatments ranged from 98.00 ± 2.65% to 99.33 ± 1.15%. Prepupal survivorship to the pupal stage ranged from 91.92 ± 1.87% to 97.95 ± 1.03%. Adult emergence from the pupal stage did not significantly (P < 0.05) differ across treatments and ranged from 98.95 ± 1.82% to 100.00 ± 0.00%. Adult body length resulting from the larvae in each of the treatments was significantly greater than those from the control. Longevity of adults did not differ significantly between treatments. Time from hatching to the development of the first pupa did not differ significantly across treatments; however, development time from hatching to 90% reaching the prepupual stage was significantly different between treatments and ranged from 29.00 ± 1.00 d to 34.33 ± 3.51 d. Development time from hatching to 90% reaching the adult stages was significantly different between treatments. Our results demonstrate that inoculating poultry manure with bacteria from black soldier fly larvae influences the growth and development of conspecific larvae feeding on the manure.