田间小麦叶片光合作用的光抑制

通过人为改变小麦旗叶与茎秆的夹角,比较了晴天田间小麦直立叶（１０°）与平展叶（９０°）光合作用光抑制程度的差别。在叶温高达３７．６℃、最高光强为１６００μｍｏｌ．ｍ＾－２．ｓ＾－１的晴天,田间小麦经午间强光照射４ｈ后,ＰＳⅡ光化学效率明显下降。     

田间小麦叶片光合作用的光抑制不伴随D1蛋白的净降解

通过测定田间小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ ）叶片Ｄ１蛋白的含量、光合放氧和叶绿素ａ 荧光,探讨了叶片光合作用的光抑制与Ｄ１蛋白净降解的关系。田间的小麦叶片受到晴天中午光照约３ ｈ 以后,表观光合量子效率（Φ）、光系统Ⅱ的光化学效率（Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ ）和初始荧光（Ｆ０）明显下降;若将叶片转入弱光下,这３个指标可在１ ｈ 内基本恢复;强光照射过程中Ｄ１蛋白的含量没有显著变化;Ｄ１蛋白合成抑制剂ＳＭ 使强光下叶片的慢驰豫的非光化学荧光猝灭（ｑＥ－ｓｌｏｗ ）明显增加;在弱光下恢复时引入链霉素（ＳＭ）不影响叶片光合功能的恢复;用二硫苏糖醇（ＤＴＴ）抑制叶黄素循环使中午强光照射后的叶片中Ｄ１蛋白的含量降低３０％ 左右。这些结果都表明,田间小麦叶片光合作用的光抑制不是由于Ｄ１蛋白的净降解,而是由于非辐射能量耗散的增加引起的。     

田间大豆叶片光合作用与活性氧清除酶的日变化

开花期大豆叶片光合速率（Pn）在晴天中午伴随气孔导度（Gs）下降而降低,而叶温（TL）、光呼吸速率（Pr）以及Pr／Pn比值在中午前后明显上升。胞间CO2浓度（Ci）在上午下降,之后则逐渐增加。在最高光量子通量密度（PFD）低于1．2mmol·m-2·s-1的多云天气,大豆叶片Pn与Pr的日变化依赖于PFD、Ci与Pr／Pn比值在一天中基本恒定。晴天与多云天气大豆叶片细胞活性氧清除系统的超氧物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氨酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）与抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ASA－POD）活性均出现明显的日变化,中午前后酶活性明显增加。文中讨论了大豆叶片细胞活性氧清除酶系统日变化的适应性意义。     

SCLEREID DISTRIBUTION IN THE LEAVES OF PSEUDOTSUGA UNDER NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

Al -talib , Khalil H., and John G. Torrey . (U. California, Berkeley.) Sclereid distribution in the leaves of Pseudotsuga under natural and experimental conditions. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(1): 71–79. Illus. 1961.—A study of the distribution of sclereids in cleared leaves taken from 1-, 2-, and 4-year-old shoots of an adult tree of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco showed a repeated pattern of sclereid distribution along the shoot axis with many sclereids in the basal leaves grading into few or no sclereids in the terminal leaves of each year's growth. Attempts were made to influence sclereid distribution by bud defoliation of attached branches with and without auxin treatment and by testing the effects of growth-regulating substances on sclereid formation in leaves of excised buds of Pseudotsuga cultured in vitro. Whereas removal of the basal ¾ of the leaves at the time of bud unfolding had no effect on bud, leaf or sclereid development, removal of the leaves of the upper half or complete defoliation led to premature expansion of next year's terminal bud with leaves developing in part from presumptive bud-scale primordia. Indoleacetic acid at 0.5% in lanolin paste applied to the defoliated region prevented this premature bud expansion. Defoliation of the basal half did not affect sclereid formation in the terminal leaves. Sclereid development in leaves of prematurely expanded buds on defoliated branches was normal except in the few cases where bud expansion occurred in the presence of low-auxin concentrations. Then, sclereid development was inhibited. Sclereid formation in leaves of excised buds grown in nutrient culture was generally much less frequent than in intact branches, and auxin treatment still further reduced the frequency of sclereids. It was concluded that sclereid initiation and differentiation in the intact plant may well be under the control of hormonal factors in the plant, one of which may be auxin.     

我国部分造林树种外生菌根真菌的初步调查研究

<正> 植物菌根的研究在国际上引起了人们的重视。现已发现80％以上的植物都有菌根,树木的菌根大部分是外生菌根。树木形成外生菌根后,增强了对养分、水分的吸收能力和抗逆能力。据不完全统计,能和树木共生形成外生菌根的真菌约有520种以上,其中大部分是担子菌纲(Basidiomycetes)中伞菌目(Agaricales)的真菌。已获得纯培养菌种的外生菌根真菌约有80种(COOKE,1977)。在我国分布的外生菌根真菌约有172种。1978年以来,我们对我国东北、华中、华南、华东等地区的部分重要造林树种的外生菌根真菌进行了初步调查研究,现将结果报道如下:     

半干旱生态条件下春小麦群体生态场的空间分布

在冠幅半径只有株距一半的三叶期,群体重庆场呈以每株立地点为峰顶的相对独立的小凸起,随着个体生长,拔节期群体的生态场成为一个稍见起伏的大凸峰,将行距加倍后,场强在行间出现明显的低谷;株距也加们后,在株间出现同样的低谷。群体的相对密度对其场强分布趋势起重要作用。由于边行效应使群体在发育后期边行的场强增高从而使群体强分布呈近似平顶凸起状。