实时定量PCR技术及其应用

实时定量PCR(Real—time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction,RQ—PCR)技术是20世纪90年代中期发展起来的一种新型核酸定量技术。该技术具有实时监测、快速、灵敏、精确等特点,是对原有PCR技术的革新,扩大了PCR的应用范围。本文综述了RQ—PCR技术的原理、RQ—PCR仪、RQ—PCR实时定量检测系统及其应用。     

扩增大片段核酸的聚合酶链反应及其应用

本综述了扩增１０－４０ｋｂ大片段核酸的聚合酶链反应方法的原理,影响因素条件优化,以及ＬＡ－ＰＣＲ在扩增与克隆目的的基因、研究基因组的多态性和分别等方面的应用。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术的研究进展与应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术(real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,FQ-PCR)以其特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好、定量准确、自动化程度高、速度快、全封闭反应等优点在人类和动物疾病的快速检测、食品安全检测、定量分析、基因分型、基因表达研究、以及疫苗效力测定中成为分子生物学研究的重要工具...     

定量PCR和逆转录PCR在病毒学的应用

<正>在过去几年内,分子杂交法由于其技术多样性和高度特异性已被广泛用于基础和应用病毒学中。采用这些技术,可以在分子水平上直接进行临床样品的DNA和RNA病毒的检测、病毒基因体外-体内特异性转录活性的分析、以及病毒-宿主相互关系的研究。然而,尽管这些方法对多种检测是很有效的,但只有PCR扩增技术的发展和最佳化才明显提     

扩增大段靶DNA的PCR方法

扩增大段靶ＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ方法陈尚武,王章（中山大学生命科学学院,广州）ＰＣＲ和分子克隆是扩增遗传物质的常用技术。热稳定Ｔａｑ（Ｔｈｅｒｍｕｓａｑｕａｔｉｃｕｓ）ＤＮＡ聚合酶的应用以及ＰＣＲ技术所固有的迅速、简便、廉价等优点,使ＤＮＡ片段的ＰＣＲ扩增成...     

实时定量PCR发展概述

实时定量聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,简称qPCR)是一种通过荧光信号对PCR进程进行实时监测,并对未知模板进行定量分析的一种核酸定量技术,该技术在临床诊断和生命科学等多领域发挥着重要的作用。现就生物制品领域有着重要应用价值的中介探针聚合酶链反应(mediator probe polymerase chain reaction,MP PCR)和数字聚合酶链反应(digital polymerase chain reaction,dPCR)新技术加以介绍,同时也对qPCR技术中的关键因素(如参考基因选择和核酸质量评价)以及qPCR最低限度标准(minimum information for the publication of real-time quantitative PCR,MIQE)指南作一概述。     

实时荧光定量PCR技术及其应用

定量PCR的问世是继定性PCR(即常规PCR)后分子生物学方法学研究的一大飞跃,实现了对核酸信息量的分析比较,为疾病的诊断和治疗提供了更多、更有效的基因水平信息。本文介绍实时荧光定量PCR技术及其在兽医领域中的应用,包括近年来研究和应用较多的几种定量PCR技术。     

荧光定量PCR诊断结核性脑膜炎的临床价值

目的 探讨荧光定量PCR检测脑脊液（CSF）结核分枝杆菌评估其临床意义。方法 应用荧光定量PCR技术检测45例CSF结核分枝杆菌并与抗酸杆菌染色。结核抗体酶联免疫吸附试验（结核抗体ELISA,简称酶联OT）进行比较。结果 荧光定量检测CSF结核杆菌的阳性率为11．1％,酶联OT为13．3％,抗酸杆菌染色为0％。结论 荧光定量PCR用于检测CSF结核分枝杆菌不具有灵敏度,阳性率低,对临床诊断结核性脑膜炎（简称结脑）无多少价值,不值得在临床上推广应用,必须寻找更有价值的诊断方法。     

New Buffers to Improve the Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Real-time PCR is a potent technique for nucleic acid quantification for research and diagnostic purposes, the wide dynamic range being one of the advantages over other techniques like the microarray. Several additives and enhancers have been studied to expand the PCR dynamic range in order to be more efficient in quantifying low quantities of nucleic acids, increase the yield and improve reaction efficiency. Shown here is that a combination of new buffers with the regularly used Tris buffer makes it possible to expand the real-time PCR dynamic range and to improve the efficiency and correlation coefficient. Mixing HEPES, TEA or MOPS with Tris was more efficient than Tris alone. It was also found that, if the pH value of the Tris buffer was calibrated with phosphoric acid instead of hydrochloric acid, then the dynamic range was significantly improved and low quantities could be detected and quantified more efficiently. Mixing more than one compound with the Tris buffer was also effective for expanding the dynamic range and increasing the efficiency and correlation coefficient in quantitative real-time PCR.     

Application of Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Noninvasive Genetic Monitoring

ABSTRACT Noninvasive genetic monitoring of animal populations has become a widely used method in animal conservation and wildlife management due to its known advantages in sample availability of endangered or elusive species. A variety of methods have been suggested to overcome the difficulties of collecting reliable genetic data despite poor DNA quality and quantity of samples. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify DNA contents and preselect extracts suitable for microsatellite genotyping of noninvasive samples from 2 carnivore species, wolf (Canis lupus) and Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra). We tested 2 concentration thresholds for DNA extracts containing either 5 pg/μL or 25 pg/μL at minimum and evaluated the effect of excluding samples from genotyping falling below either of these DNA concentrations. Depending on species and threshold concentration applied, we reduced the genotyping effort by 21% to 47% and genotyping errors by 7% to 45%, yet we could still detect 82% to 99% of available genotypes. Thus, qPCR may potentially reduce genotyping effort and enhance data reliability in noninvasive genetic studies. Genetic laboratories working on noninvasive population genetic studies could transfer this approach to other species, streamline genetic analyses and, thus, more efficiently provide wildlife managers with reliable genetic data of wild populations.     

基于荧光定量PCR扩增反应的SNP测定法

建立一种利用荧光定量PCR扩增反应进行单核苷酸多态性(SNP)快速测定的方法.以人β肾上腺素受体2基因中的Arg16Gly为研究对象,利用荧光染料SYBRGreenⅠ标记定量PCR产物,通过PCR生长曲线和融解曲线分析结果进行SNP分型.为提高SNP测定的特异性,分别在野生型和突变型等位基因的特异性引物3′端倒数第3个碱基位置,引入了一个人为错配碱基,使引物的错误延伸率显著降低,大大提高了SNP分析的准确性.通过DNA测序验证荧光定量PCR对β肾上腺素受体2基因中Arg16Gly分型结果的准确率.实验结果表明,所建立的方法操作简便,结果准确,适合进行大规模样品的SNP检测工作.     

Rapid Determination of Perv Copy Number From Porcine Genomic DNA by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Here, we report the quantification of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) copy numbers using real time PCR. After generating standard curves using plasmid DNA, copy numbers were determined for PERV pol and for a housekeeping gene, porcine estrogen receptor2 (ER2) with the same amount of genomic DNA. Using this method, we examined 6 pig breeds in Korea including two breeds of miniature pig, one domestic pig from Jeju, and imported pig breeds, Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire. All breeds showed PERV copy numbers ranging from 9 to 50. This method will be useful for monitoring of PERVs in a porcine xenograft.     

Amplification of Nucleic Acids by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Other Methods and their Applications

Abstract

The in vitro replication of DNA, principally using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), permits the amplification of defined sequences of DNA. By exponentially amplifying a target sequence, PCR significantly enhances the probability of detecting target gene sequences in complex mixtures of DNA. It also facilitates the cloning and sequencing of genes. Amplification of DNA by PCR and other newly developed methods has been applied in many areas of biological research, including molecular biology, biotechnology, and medicine, permitting studies that were not possible before. Nucleic acid amplification has added a new and revolutionary dimension to molecular biology. This review examines PCR and other in vitro nucleic acid amplification methodologies—examining the critical parameters and variations and their widespread applications—giving the strengths and limitations of these methodologies.