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短时间高温处理对棉蚜存活的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为探索棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover种群动态与高温的关系,研究了不同温度(30、34、38、42、46℃)、不同处理时间(1、2、5、8h)对棉蚜存活的影响。结果表明:在同一处理时间条件下,棉蚜的存活率随着温度的升高而降低;在同一处理温度下,棉蚜的存活率随处理时间的延长而降低。30~38℃温度范围内,棉蚜存活率降低缓慢,从42℃开始棉蚜的存活率迅速降低。棉蚜半数致死温度随着处理时间的延长而降低;相同处理时间条件下,若蚜半数致死温度高于成蚜,若蚜较成蚜更耐高温。 相似文献
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棉蚜种群季节性变异的生态条件 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究棉蚜在不同温度下取食不同生育期棉叶后种群的变动情况。通过Weibull函数模拟、生命表分析和高氏距离分析比较表明,无论在苗期和蕾期,随着渐度的升高棉蚜种群的死亡高峰日均提前,世代寿命明显缩短;然而,在20-25℃范围内,相同温度时棉蚜生活在棉花蕾期叶上的繁殖力明显高于苗期叶上的繁殖力。在30℃时繁殖力普遍明显下降,温度20-25℃最适于棉蚜的生长与繁殖。且棉花殖生长期比营养生长期更适于棉蚜的生存和繁殖,温度与棉花生育期都是导致苗蚜与伏蚜生长与繁殖差异的外界因素。 相似文献
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高温对共存种棉蚜与棉长管蚜死亡及繁殖的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
棉蚜和棉长管蚜是棉花上的共存种,为探索其年内及年际间优势地位的不同是否与两者对高温的不同响应有关,室内研究了高温胁迫(32、34、36和38℃)对棉蚜和棉长管蚜死亡及繁殖的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高和高温持续天数的延长,棉蚜和棉长管蚜累计死亡率均升高,棉长管蚜累计死亡率高于棉蚜;两种蚜虫的每日死亡率可用互补重对数模型较好地拟合,模型估计的棉蚜和棉长管蚜半数致死温度值随高温持续天数的延长而降低,棉蚜半数致死温度高于棉长管蚜;在32 ~ 38℃范围内,两种蚜虫的繁殖率随温度的升高而降低,棉蚜繁殖率显著高于棉长管蚜,表明在32℃以上高温条件下,棉蚜比棉长管蚜更具有竞争力.随着全球气候变暖,由于棉蚜比棉长管蚜更耐高温,推测未来棉蚜比棉长管蚜竞争优势更加明显. 相似文献
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采用新叶圆片法,研究了不同恒温(10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃和30℃)条件下马铃薯棉蚜的发育历期、存活率、生殖力及种群生命表参数。结果表明:棉蚜在马铃薯上的各龄历期和成蚜寿命及产仔期随温度的升高而缩短,世代历期、成蚜寿命和产仔期分别从10℃的17.72 d、53.03 d和26.18 d下降到30℃的4.77 d、14.60 d和6.84 d。完成1代需要的有效积温为110.84日度,发育起点温度为4.56℃。总产仔量在15℃-25℃范围内最高(63.29-69.36头),其次为10℃(40.00头);日均产仔量在25℃时最高(5.61头/日),其次为20℃(3.47头/日)和30℃(3.35头/日)。除在10℃时为Deevey-II型存活曲线外,在其它温度下均为Deevey-I型存活曲线。根据内禀增长率大小排序,25℃是马铃薯棉蚜生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长的最适温度,其后依次为30℃、20℃、15℃和10℃。 相似文献
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棉蚜抗氧化乐果品系及敏感品系羧酸酯酶性质的比较 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:6
在室内用氧化乐果逐代筛选的棉蚜抗性品系,相对于敏感品系的抗性倍数是17。用α-乙酸萘酯(α-NA)、α-丁酸萘酯(α-NB)、α-磷酸萘酯(α-NP)和β-磷酸萘酯(β-NP)作底物比较研究了氧化乐果抗性和敏感品系棉蚜Aphis gossypii羧酸酯酶的比活力、米氏常数(Km)和最大反应速度Vmax)等有关的动力学常数。以α-NA和α-NB作底物时,抗性品系棉蚜的比活力显著低于敏感品系的;以α-NP和β-NP作底物时,两个品系棉蚜的比活力、Km和Vmax没有明显差异。用α-NA、β-NA作底物染色做酯酶同工酶电泳,抗性品系棉蚜的酯酶同工酶染色比敏感品系棉蚜的浅。 相似文献
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棉花型和黄瓜型棉蚜对寄主植物的适合度 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
采用寄主转换建立生命表及触角电位 (EAG)方法比较了棉蚜两寄主专化型 (棉花型和黄瓜型 )对不同夏季作物的适合度。结果表明 ,棉花型蚜转到黄瓜上及黄瓜型蚜转接到棉花上均不能正常产仔繁殖和建立种群。两种蚜型均不能在茄子和苋菜上建立种群。黄瓜型蚜能在豇豆上建立种群 ,但棉花型蚜不能 ,表现出两种寄主型棉蚜对夏寄主利用上存在显著差异。受棉蚜为害 12~ 36 h后的黄瓜或棉花植株仍不适合于棉花型或黄瓜型蚜 ,表现出黄瓜型蚜不能在被棉花型蚜为害过的棉株上正常存活和繁殖 ,棉花型蚜也不能在被黄瓜型蚜为害过的黄瓜苗上存活和繁殖。两种寄主型蚜对不同寄主叶片丙酮提取物的触角电位表明 ,黄瓜型蚜对棉花、哈密瓜和马铃薯叶片提取物的反应显著强于棉花型蚜 ,而对黄瓜和甜瓜叶片提取物的反应上两种蚜型差异不显著。文中同时对棉花型和黄瓜型棉蚜产生的生态机制进行了讨论。 相似文献
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为探索趋近自然状态的渐变性高温胁迫对不同密度棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover的影响,室内研究了4种不同高温模式下,不同密度(5、10、20、40)棉蚜的存活和繁殖。结果表明:随着最高温度值的升高和密度的增加,棉蚜存活率和繁殖率均呈下降趋势。当最高温度值升至40℃以上时,棉蚜存活率和繁殖率均显著下降,不同密度棉蚜存活率和繁殖率均没有差异。即随着温度的升高,密度对棉蚜的作用逐渐减弱。最高温度值为42℃时,棉蚜在3~4 d内全部死亡。研究结果为提高棉蚜种群预测准确性、科学决策防治措施提供依据。 相似文献
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JABRAEIL RAZMJOU SAEID MOHARRAMIPOUR YAGHOUB FATHIPOUR SEYED ZIAEDDIN MIRHOSEINI 《Insect Science》2006,13(3):205-210
Life table parameters of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were estimated on five cotton cultivars (‘ Sealand' ,‘Siokra' ,' Vararnin' ,‘ Bakhtegan' and ‘ Sahel' ). Demographic parameters of the cotton aphid were assessed at 27.5 ± 1 ℃, 65% + 10% RH and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L: D)h. The shortest developmental time for the nymphal stages was 5.5 days on ‘Siokra' and the longest was 6.1 days on‘ Sealand'. The highest offspring per female was 29.6 on ‘Sahel' and the lowest was 15.3 on ‘Sealand'. The rm values varied from 0.272 on ‘Sealand' to 0.382 (day^-1) on ‘Varamin'. Jackknife estimates of the A. gossypii parameters on these cultivars indicated the greatest developmental rate and fecundity on ‘ Varamin' and the poorest on ‘ Sealand' cultivar. 相似文献
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HAIL KAMEL SHANNAG HARLAN THORVILSON MOH'D KHAIR EL-SHATNAWI 《The Annals of applied biology》1998,132(1):13-18
The influence of aphid, Aphis gossypii, feeding on photosynthesis and transpiration in cotton plants was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Four population densities of 0, 5, 10, and 25 aphids were used to infest individual cotton leaves. Gas exchange rates were determined for single attached cotton leaves after 9, 18, and 27 days of aphid infestation. Aphid feeding changed photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates. These changes were proportional to the number of aphids and the length of infestation period. Photosynthetic rates were significantly reduced in infested leaves with 25 aphids over 18 days, whereas significant reduction in photosynthetic rates was recorded within 27 days in infested leaves with 5, 10, and 25 aphids in comparison to their respective control. Initial population of 10 aphids increased significantly the transpiration rate of infested leaves over 9 and 27 days. Leaves of plants with 25 aphids had significantly greater transpiration rate than the control at all times. 相似文献
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Potential cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii,population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, predation rate of convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin‐Meneville, was determined by assigning a single predator randomly to each of four prey density treatments in the laboratory. Prey densities included 25, 50, 100, and 200 aphids per Petri dish arena. Predation response was recorded at 1, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h after assigning predators to their prey treatments. Rate of consumption increased through time, with all 25 aphids consumed during the first 4 h of the experiment. At the highest density, adult lady beetle consumed on average 49, 99, 131, 163, 183, and 200 aphids within 1, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Predators showed a curvilinear feeding response in relation to total available time, indicating that convergent lady beetles have the potential to suppress larger populations of aphids through continuous feeding by regulating their predation efficiency during feeding. The analysis of age‐specific mortality in absence of prey revealed that lady beetles could survive for an extended period of time (more than 2 weeks) without prey. The ability of a predator to survive without prey delays or prevents the rebound of pest populations that is a significant factor in natural biological control. A two‐year field sampling of 10 cotton arthropod predator species showed that spiders (27%) were the most dominant foliage dwelling predators in the Texas High Plains cotton followed by convergent lady beetles (23.5%), hooded beetles (13.5%), minute pirate bugs (11%), green lacewings (9.5%), bigeyed bugs (7.5%), scymnus beetles (3%), soft‐winged flower beetles (2%), damsel bugs (1.5%), and assassin bugs (1.5%). A field cage study showed that one H. convergens adult per plant released at prey density of one aphid per leaf kept the aphid population below economic threshold for the entire growing season. 相似文献
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Kun Xue Xiao-Ying Wang Cui-Hong Huang Rong-Jiang Wang Biao Liu Feng-Ming Yan Chong-Ren Xu 《Insect Science》2009,16(2):137-146
Stylet penetration behaviors of cotton aphids Aphis gossypii Glover on a transgenic cotton line "GK-12" expressing Bt toxic protein of Cry1A (Bt cotton) and a non-Bt conventional cotton line "Simian-3" (CK cotton) were recorded with the direct current electrical penetration graph (DC-EPG) technique. Cotton aphids reared on Bt cotton (abbreviated as Bt-aphids) and its parental non-Bt control line (CK-aphids) for more than 20 generations each, were used for recordings on two cotton lines. Among 47 selected parameters reflecting the activities of aphid stylets within plant tissues, there were eight parameters of CK-aphids showing significant differences between the performances of CK-aphids on Bt cotton and CK cotton, while for Bt-aphids, all the parameters were statistically equal between the performances on the two cotton lines. All parameters with significant differences indicated that CK-aphids could penetrate into Bt cotton more easily, but the phloem saps of Bt cotton were not as good as those of regular cotton for CK-aphids. Based on the present results, we concluded that there were some factors in Bt cotton affecting penetration behaviors of CK-aphids, but it just took several generations for CK-aphids to completely adapt Bt cotton, and Bt-aphids could feed on two cotton lines without difficulty. 相似文献
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Potential cotton aphid,Aphis gossypii,population suppression by arthropod predators in upland cotton
The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, predation rate of convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, was determined by assigning a single predator randomly to each of four prey density treatments in the laboratory. Prey densities included 25, 50, 100, and 200 aphids per Petri dish arena. Predation response was recorded at 1, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 h after assigning predators to their prey treatments. Rate of consumption increased through time, with all 25 aphids consumed during the first 4 h of the experiment. At the highest density, adult lady beetle consumed on average 49, 99, 131, 163, 183, and 200 aphids within 1, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Predators showed a curvilinear feeding response in relation to total available time, indicating that convergent lady beetles have the potential to suppress larger populations of aphids through continuous feeding by regulating their predation efficiency during feeding. The analysis of age-specific mortality in absence of prey revealed that lady beetles could survive for an extended period of time (more than 2 weeks) without prey. The ability of a predator to survive without prey delays or prevents the rebound of pest populations that is a significant factor in natural biological control. A two-year field sampling of 10 cotton arthropod predator species showed that spiders (27%) were the most dominant foliage dwelling predators in the Texas High Plains cotton followed by convergent lady beetles (23.5%), hooded beetles (13.5%), minute pirate bugs (11%), green lacewings (9.5%), bigeyed bugs (7.5%), scymnus beetles (3%), soft-winged flower beetles (2%), damsel bugs (1.5%), and assassin bugs (1.5%). A field cage study showed that one H. convergens adult per plant released at prey density of one aphid per leaf kept the aphid population below economic threshold for the entire growing season. 相似文献
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棉蚜抗氧化乐果品系的羧酸酯酶基因突变 总被引:12,自引:5,他引:7
用氧化乐果对室内敏感品系棉蚜Aphis gossypii (Glover)进行抗性选育,经24代筛选,抗性指数达到124.7倍。以α-乙酸萘酯(α-NA)为底物,比较了氧化乐果敏感和抗性品系棉蚜羧酸酯酶的比活力,发现抗性品系羧酸酯酶比活力明显小于敏感品系。对这两个品系的羧酸酯酶基因进行了克隆,通过对抗性和敏感品系羧酸酯酶基因核苷酸序列及推导的氨基酸序列比较,发现抗性品系有4个氨基酸残基发生了替代 (His104→Arg, Ala128→Val, Thr333→Asp, Lys484→Arg)。对其蛋白质三维结构分析推测只有His104→Arg的替代是位于其活性中心。棉蚜氧化乐果敏感和抗性品系羧酸酯酶基因cDNA全长的GenBank登录号分别为AY485216和AY485214。 相似文献
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棉花抗蚜性与苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为探讨苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性与棉花抗蚜性的关系,在室内人工接蚜危害和田间自然蚜群2种条件下,测定不同抗蚜性棉花品种受棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover危害后叶片的PAL活性。结果表明:未受棉蚜危害时,抗、感品种PAL活性无明显差异;棉蚜危害胁迫棉花PAL活性升高,抗蚜品种受到棉蚜危害诱导所产生的PAL活性远比感蚜品种高。田间有蚜株率与棉花叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的呈显著的负相关关系。研究说明PAL酶活性对棉花的抗蚜性有一定的影响。 相似文献
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通过田间调查、室内网罩盆栽苗测定选择性等方法,考察了常规棉(泗棉3号,石远321)、杂交抗虫棉(辽棉19号,鲁棉研18号)、转单价基因抗虫棉(国抗12号,中棉所32)和转双价抗虫棉(SGK321,中棉所41)4种类型8个品种棉花上棉蚜的适生性及种群动态。结果表明: 棉蚜在各棉花品种上的种群动态有明显差异(P<0.05),单株蚜量以转单价基因抗虫棉中棉32上最高,常规棉泗棉3号上最低,分别为297.81头/株和76.88头/株。棉蚜对4种类型棉花品种的选择性有明显差异(P<0.05),其中对转单价基因抗虫棉有很强的选择性。根据棉蚜实验种群的参数判断,其在不同品种棉花上的生长发育、存活及繁殖存在显著差异: 若虫发育历期常规棉石远321上最长(6.46天),双价棉中棉所41上最短(5.75天); 存活率转单价基因抗虫棉中棉32上最高(88.21%),双价棉SGK321上最低(76.46%); 单雌产蚜量杂交抗虫棉辽棉19上最大(44.48头),双价棉SGK321上最小(33.51头); 内禀增长率转单价基因抗虫棉中棉32上最高(0.3695),双价棉中棉所41上最低(0.3389)。综合评价,棉蚜的生存和繁殖适合性在转单价基因抗虫棉上最高,在双价棉上最低。 相似文献
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Purification and characterization of acetylcholinesterase from cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A simple and effective method was set up to purify acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC3.1.1.7) from the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. The procedure involved filtration on a sephadex G-25 column, separation with sephadex G-200 and procainamide affinity column. AChE from both susceptible and resistant strains were purified to a single band as resolved on denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The specific activity increased by 35,100- and 33,680-fold with a yield of 30.3 and 29.8%, respectively. The molecular mass of the purified AChE was about 63,500 Dalton as determined by SDS-PAGE. However, three bands resolved on PAGE gel electrophoresis, leading to the inference that native AChE exists in three forms. The optimum conditions for measuring the activity of purified AChE with kinetic method were 0.02M phosphate buffer, pH7.2, 0.02 mM 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), and 25 degrees C. Investigation also revealed that crude extract and purified AChE had different kinetic characteristics and inhibitory properties. They responded differently to varied DTNB, ATChI, and phosphate buffer ion concentrations, as well as pH, temperature, and inhibitors. The purified AChE was more sensitive to eserine, methamidophos, and pirimicarb. Especially for resistant aphids, the sensitivity of purified AChE to methamidophos and pirimicarb was enhanced 6.43 and 11.73 times, respectively. We infer that one or more factors in the crude extract from the resistance strain have more influence on AChE sensitivity. Further study is needed to investigate the basis of these observations. 相似文献