The Role of Circadian Clocks in Metabolic Disease

The circadian clock is a highly conserved timing system, resonating physiological processes to 24-hour environmental cycles. Circadian misalignment is emerging as a risk factor of metabolic disease. The molecular clock resides in all metabolic tissues, the dysfunction of which is associated with perturbed energy metabolism. In this article, we will review current knowledge about molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock and the role of clocks in the physiology and pathophysiology of metabolic tissues.     

The 2006 Pittendrigh/Aschoff lecture: new roles for old proteins in the Drosophila circadian clock

Circadian behaviors in the animal kingdom are regulated by a small set of conserved genes. Starting with a historical perspective focused on Drosophila, the authors describe how the recurrent discovery of circadian clock genes uncovered a molecular mechanism associated with cycling gene expression. These molecular cycles appear to emerge from delayed negative and positive feedback. The authors will then introduce a novel timing mechanism uncovered by a single cell-based assay, with the new ideas and prospects for future research that it has raised.     

The circadian timekeeping system of Drosophila

Daily rhythms in behavior, physiology and metabolism are controlled by endogenous circadian clocks. At the heart of these clocks is a circadian oscillator that keeps circadian time, is entrained by environmental cues such as light and activates rhythmic outputs at the appropriate time of day. Genetic and molecular analyses in Drosophila have revealed important insights into the molecules and mechanisms underlying circadian oscillator function in all organisms. In this review I will describe the intracellular feedback loops that form the core of the Drosophila circadian oscillator and consider how they are entrained by environmental light cycles, where they operate within the fly and how they are thought to control overt rhythms in physiology and behavior. I will also discuss where work remains to be done to give a comprehensive picture of the circadian clock in Drosophila and likely many other organisms.     

Plant cell responses to cold are all about timing

Changes in temperature present the cells of plants with particular challenges. Fortunately, many changes in temperature can be anticipated due to the rhythms of day/night and the seasons. To anticipate changes in the environment most organisms have a circadian clock to optimize daily and seasonal timing of gene expression, metabolism, physiology and cell biology. Circadian clocks comprised positive and negative feedback loops which ensure an internal period of approximately 24 hours. We describe the role of the circadian clock in modulating cellular cold signalling networks to prepare the cell for the onset of winter.     

近日节律调控机制与相关疾病研究进展

近日节律是生命体生理及行为变量遵循内源性的以接近1个太阳日的周期进行循环的生物过程,人体近日节律调控机制及其相关疾病研究已成为当前生物医学新兴领域和研究热点。过去二十年间,以生物钟基因及其相互作用环路为核心的一系列机制研究不断取得新的进展,初步形成了近日节律的分子模型,近年来,生物钟基因在染色体重塑、转录翻译调控、转录后修饰等多个层次的调控模式得到深入的研究。同时,近日节律失控与肿瘤、代谢紊乱等临床疾病的相关性及其影响机的转化研究日益增多,形成了新兴的时间医学。本文谨就近年来近日节律分子机制及其疾病相关研究的概况和最新进展做一总结。