核仁纺锤体相关蛋白1在宫颈癌中的高表达及其临床病理学意义

目的探讨核仁纺锤体相关蛋白1(nucleolar spindle-associated protein 1,Nu SAP1)在宫颈癌组织中的表达与临床病理特征的关系及其临床意义。方法采用Envision二步法免疫组织化学染色检测Nu SAP1蛋白在宫颈癌及正常宫颈组织中的表达情况,应用基因公共数据库在线分析Nu SAP1 m RNA在宫颈癌和正常宫颈组织中的表达水平。结果 Nu SAP1蛋白在宫颈癌组织中的高表达率为54.1%(60/111),正常宫颈组织中的高表达率为5.0%(2/40);Nu SAP1 m RNA在宫颈癌组织中表达水平高于正常宫颈组织。宫颈癌中Nu SAP1蛋白的表达水平与组织分化程度、淋巴结转移、淋巴脉管间隙浸润、间质浸润深度、FIGO分期相关,与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学类型、宫旁浸润无关。Nu SAPl蛋白高表达患者的术后复发、转移率高于低表达患者。结论 Nu SAP1在宫颈癌组织中存在高表达,其表达水平对宫颈癌患者术后复发、转移的预测具有指导意义。     

HIV-1 Tat蛋白在细胞核中的功能

HIV-1 Tat蛋白是HIV-1病毒基因表达的重要调控蛋白,其通过与不同的细胞分子及信号通路相互作用来调控细胞过程。Tat蛋白由感染细胞产生,也可由感染细胞产生后分泌而作用于其他细胞;因此,它既能影响感染细胞,也能影响未感染细胞。Tat蛋白积聚在细胞核中,但根据其表达水平的不同,其可能会定位于核质或核仁,并发挥不同的核效应。该文针对Tat蛋白的结构、核输入机制及细胞核效应的研究进展进行概述。     

癌症高表达蛋白--Hec1在纺锤体组装检查点中的作用

细胞增殖依赖于细胞分裂前染色体的复制及随后的姐妹染色单体分离到达两极。纺锤体组装检查点具有确保染色体信息传递保真性的作用,检查点的缺失可能导致染色体的分离异常和肿瘤形成。癌症高表达蛋白(Hec1)通过与调控G2/M期的蛋白间的相互作用而在染色体的分离中发挥重要作用。Hec1与Nuf2的复合物,在G2/M期与动粒相结合,Hec1的缺失将导致严重的染色体分离错误。Hec1具有召集Mps1和Mad1/Mad2复合物结合到动粒上的作用,这种结合可以激活纺锤体组装检查点途径中非常重要的APCCdc20途径。但是Hec1、Mps1、Mad1三者之间的相互作用仍未明了。Hec1还可以通过与26S蛋白酶复合物的不同亚基结合调控其功能。Hec1是一种丝氨酸磷酸化蛋白,其磷酸化是由Nek2在G2/M期完成的。     

神经菌毛素1在恶性肿瘤治疗中的相关研究进展

作为一种跨膜糖蛋白,神经菌毛素1(NRP1)在轴突导向、血管生成和肿瘤免疫等多种反应过程中发挥重要作用。NRP1高表达于多种肿瘤细胞表面,尤其是上皮细胞肿瘤。阻断NRP1不仅能直接对肿瘤细胞的迁移及肿瘤的发生发展产生抑制作用,而且能够间接抑制肿瘤局部血管的生成与发展,继而影响肿瘤的生长发展。因此,NRP1有望成为抗肿瘤治疗的新突破点。简要探讨NRP1在肿瘤发生发展中的作用,以及以NRP1为靶点治疗恶性肿瘤的相关研究进展。     

酵母纺锤体极体复制缺陷与染色体不稳定性的发生

纺锤体极体作为酵母细胞的微管组织中心,在功能上等同于高等真核细胞的中心体,它在细胞周期中的准确复制是两极纺锤体组装和染色体正确分离的前提。纺锤体极体复制缺陷会导致异倍体和多倍体的形成,造成染色体不稳定性的发生。以酿酒酵母细胞为模型,研究纺锤体极体复制过程相关蛋白质的突变,有助于揭示酵母细胞中染色体不稳定性发生的分子机制,并为动物细胞中心体复制的研究提供良好的借鉴。     

Cyclin B1： conductor of mitotic symphony orchestra

The inheritance of human genome through mitosis is precisely regulated by a series of tightly orchestrated events such as chromosome condensation, bi-orientated spindle formation, chromosome congression,     

小鼠spindlin1蛋白在稳定MII期卵母细胞纺锤体中的作用

目的目的探讨小鼠spindlin1蛋白在MII期卵母细胞中的作用。方法采用免疫荧光方法对spindlin1蛋白在小鼠卵母细胞中的定位进行研究。采用抗体显微注射实验对其在MII期卵母细胞中的功能进行了研究。结果免疫荧光结果显示在MII期,spindlin1蛋白定位于中期纺锤体,当卵母细胞进入分裂后期,spindlin1蛋白从纺锤体上消失。抗体注射实验显示在MII期卵母细胞中干扰spindlin1蛋白后,纺锤体形态明显异常且染色体排列发生紊乱。结论小鼠spin-dlin1蛋白在MII期卵母细胞中发挥作用,参与维持中期纺锤体的稳定,保障了染色体的正确分离。     

热休克蛋白gp96在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

热休克蛋白90B1又称为糖蛋白96 (gp96). gp96属于热休克蛋白90家族,是一种高度保守且普遍存在的糖蛋白.作为一种内质网蛋白,gp96在维持内质网稳态、内质网应激、钙稳态等方面起着重要的调控作用,这些调控网络在肿瘤的发生发展过程中起着重要的作用. gp96作为分子伴侣在稳定和激活客户蛋白等方面有众多报道,其中包括HER2、整合素和Toll样受体等多个客户蛋白.大量研究表明,gp96在肝癌、乳腺癌、胃癌等不同类型的肿瘤中高表达,并在肿瘤的生长、侵袭和转移等方面起着重要的作用.本文从gp96的基本结构和功能及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用等方面进行综述,并着重阐述细胞膜gp96相关的研究进展.最后,重点介绍基于胞膜gp96结构所设计的选择性小分子抑制剂、抗体和多肽等药物在肿瘤靶向治疗中的潜在应用.     

单极纺锤体蛋白激酶1一个可能的新型抗肿瘤靶标

纺锤体装配检验点是有丝分裂分裂过程中一个非常重要的监督机器,其作用在于有丝分裂中期向后期转化前将所有的染色体排列到中期板上.近年来的研究表明,该检验点缺陷与肿瘤发生密切相关.单极纺锤体蛋白激酶1是纺锤体装配检验点的必需基因,存在于正常分裂细胞,并在肿瘤组织中高表达.最近研究发现,单极纺锤体蛋白激酶1的表达水平与乳腺癌恶性程度相关. 更有意思的是抑制其激酶活性或降低其蛋白水平将会导致多种肿瘤细胞的纺锤体装配检验点功能缺陷和细胞死亡.这表明,单极纺锤体蛋白激酶1是一个潜在的抗癌药物新靶标.本文对单极纺锤体蛋白激酶1如何调控纺锤体装配检验点以及其在抗肿瘤应用研究中的最新进展进行了回顾.     

DLGAP5的致癌机制以及在非小细胞肺癌诊断与治疗中的价值

Discs大同源相关蛋白5(Discs large homologous affinity protein 5,DLGAP5)是泛素-蛋白酶体途径调控的有丝分裂磷酸化蛋白,在细胞癌变过程中为细胞周期调节因子。DLGAP5的过表达不仅导致异常的细胞周期调控而且引起细胞有丝分裂过程的病理改变。本文综述DLGAP5的致病机制及其在NSCLC中的临床应用价值。     

NUSAP1 knockdown inhibits cell growth and metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer through regulating BTG2/PI3K/Akt signaling

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common malignancy along with high mortality rate worldwide. Recently, nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) has been reported to be involved in the malignant progression of several cancers. However, in NSCLC, the biological function of NUSAP1 and its molecular mechanism have not been reported. Here, our findings indicated that the NUSAP1 messenger RNA expression level was remarkably upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with that of adjacent normal tissues. We also found that NUSAP1 gene expression was notably upregulated in NSCLC cell lines (A549, 95-D, H358, and H1299) compared with that of normal human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE). Subsequently, the biological function of NUSAP1 was investigated in A549 and H358 cells transfected with NUSAP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively. Results showed that NUSAP1 knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the number of cell migration and invasion was significantly suppressed by NUSAP1 knockdown. In addition, our results indicated that NUSAP1 knockdown increased the gene expression of B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), but decreased the expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase (p-AKT). BTG2 siRNA partly abrogates the effect of NUSAP1 knockdown on BTG2 gene expression. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a AKT activator, reversed the effect of NUSAP1 knockdown on the biological function in NSCLC. Taken together, NUSAP1 knockdown promotes NSCLC cell apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation, cell migration, and invasion, which is associated with regulating BTG2/PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Our findings suggest that NUSAP1 is a promising molecular target for NSCLC treatment.     

膀胱尿路上皮癌组织CRMP2、NUSAP1、hMSH2表达与临床病理参数和预后的关系研究

目的:探讨膀胱尿路上皮癌组织坍塌反应调节蛋白2(CRMP2)、核仁和纺锤体相关蛋白l(NUSAP1)、人类错配修复基因2(h MSH2)表达与临床病理参数和预后的关系。方法:选取2018年2月至2020年3月我院收治的85例膀胱尿路上皮癌患者,比较手术切除的癌组织和癌旁粘膜组织中CRMP2、NUSAP1、hMSH2表达情况。比较不同病理参数癌组织中CRMP2、NUSAP1、hMSH2阳性表达率差异,分析CRMP2、NUSAP1、hMSH2与膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后的关系。结果:与癌旁组织比较,膀胱尿路上皮癌患者癌组织中CRMP2、NUSAP1阳性表达率增高(P<0.05),hMSH2降低(P<0.05)。T2-T4、高级别肿瘤患者癌组织中CRMP2、NUSAP1阳性表达率高于Tis-T1、低级别肿瘤患者(P<0.05),多发癌组织中CRMP2阳性表达率高于单发(P<0.05),T2-T4癌组织中hMSH2阳性表达率低于Tis-T1(P<0.05)。总生存率、无复发生存率、无进展生存率比较,CRMP2阳性表达者低于CRMP2阴性表达者(P<0.05),hMSH2阴性表达者低于hMSH2阳性表达者(P<0.05),NUSAP1阳性表达者无复发生存率、无进展生存率低于NUSAP1阴性表达者(P<0.05)。Cox风险比例回归分析结果显示复发、进展、CRMP2阳性表达、NUSAP1阳性表达、hMSH2阴性表达是膀胱尿路上皮癌患者不良预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:CRMP2、NUSAP1阳性表达,hMSH2阴性表达与膀胱尿路上皮癌临床病理参数、复发转移以及不良预后有关。     

VCAM-1 directed immunoliposomes selectively target tumor vasculature in vivo

Targeting the tumor vasculature and selectively modifying endothelial functions is an attractive anti-tumor strategy. We prepared polyethyleneglycol modified immunoliposomes (IL) directed against vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), a surface receptor over-expressed on tumor vessels, and investigated the liposomal targetability in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, anti-VCAM-1 liposomes displayed specific binding to activated endothelial cells under static conditions, as well as under simulated blood flow conditions. The in vivo targeting of IL was analysed in mice bearing human Colo 677 tumor xenografts 30 min and 24 h post i.v. injection. Whereas biodistribution studies using [³H]-labelled liposomes displayed only marginal higher tumor accumulation of VCAM-1 targeted versus unspecific ILs, fluorescence microscopy evaluation revealed that their localisations within tumors differed strongly. VCAM-1 targeted ILs accumulated in tumor vessels with increasing intensities from 30 min to 24 h, while control ILs accumulated in the tumor tissue by passive diffusion. ILs that accumulated in non-affected organs, mainly liver and spleen, primarily co-localised with macrophages. This is the first morphological evidence for selective in vivo targeting of tumor vessels using ILs. VCAM-directed ILs are candidate drug delivery systems for therapeutic anti-cancer approaches designed to alter endothelial function.     

Protein kinase D1 inhibition interferes with mitosis progression

Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) plays a vital role in signal transduction, cell proliferation, membrane trafficking, and cancer; however, the majority of the studies up to date had centered primarily on PKD1 functions in interphase, very little is known about its role during cell division. We previously demonstrated that during mitosis PKD1 is activated and associated with centrosomes, spindles, and midbodies. However, these observations did not address whether PKD1 was associated with mitosis regulation. Accordingly, we used rapidly acting PKD-specific inhibitors to examine the contribution of PKD1 the sequence of events in mitosis. We found that although PKD1 overexpression did not affect mitosis progression, suppression of its catalytic activity by two structurally unrelated inhibitors (kb NB 142-70 and CRT 0066101) induced a significant delay in metaphase to anaphase transition time. PKD1 inhibition during mitosis also produced the appearance of abnormal spindles, defects in chromosome alignment, and segregation as well as apoptosis. Thus, these observations indicate that PKD1 activity is associated with mitosis regulation.     

Sgt1, a co‐chaperone of Hsp90 stabilizes Polo and is required for centrosome organization

Sgt1 was described previously in yeast and humans to be a Hsp90 co‐chaperone and required for kinetochore assembly. We have identified a mutant allele of Sgt1 in Drosophila and characterized its function. Mutations in sgt1 do not affect overall kinetochore assembly or spindle assembly checkpoint. sgt1 mutant cells enter less frequently into mitosis and arrest in a prometaphase‐like state. Mutations in sgt1 severely compromise the organization and function of the mitotic apparatus. In these cells, centrioles replicate but centrosomes fail to mature, and pericentriolar material components do not localize normally resulting in highly abnormal spindles. Interestingly, a similar phenotype was described previously in Hsp90 mutant cells and correlated with a decrease in Polo protein levels. In sgt1 mutant neuroblasts, we also observe a decrease in overall levels of Polo. Overexpression of the kinase results in a substantial rescue of the centrosome defects; most cells form normal bipolar spindles and progress through mitosis normally. Taken together, these findings suggest that Sgt1 is involved in the stabilization of Polo allowing normal centrosome maturation, entry and progression though mitosis.     

Generation of two modified mouse alleles of the Hic1 tumor suppressor gene

HIC1 (hypermethylated in cancer 1) is a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 17p13.3, a region frequently hypermethylated or deleted in human neoplasias. In mouse, Hic1 is essential for embryonic development and exerts an antitumor role in adult animals. Since Hic1-deficient mice die perinatally, we generated a conditional Hic1 null allele by flanking the Hic1-coding region by loxP sites. When crossed to animals expressing Cre recombinase in a cell-specific manner, the Hic1 conditional mice will provide new insights into the function of Hic1 in developing and mature tissues. Additionally, we used gene targeting to replace sequence-encoding amino acids 186-893 of Hic1 by citrine fluorescent protein cDNA. We demonstrate that the distribution of Hic1-citrine fusion polypeptide corresponds to the expression pattern of wild-type Hic1. Consequently, Hic1-citrine "reporter" mice can be used to monitor the activity of the Hic1 locus using citrine fluorescence.     

A dynein independent role of Tctex-1 at the kinetochore

Dynein light chains are accessory subunits of the cytoplasmic dynein complex, a minus-end directed microtubule motor. Here, we demonstrate that the dynein light chain Tctex-1 associates with unattached kinetochores and is essential for accurate chromosome segregation. Tctex-1 knockdown in cells does not affect the localization and function of dynein at the kinetochore, but produces a prolonged mitotic arrest with a few misaligned chromosomes, which are subsequently missegregated during anaphase. This function is independent of Tctex-1''s association with dynein. The kinetochore localization of Tctex-1 is independent of the ZW10-dynein pathway, but requires the Ndc80 complex. Thus, our findings reveal a dynein independent role of Tctex-1 at the kinetochore to enhance the stability of kinetochore-microtubule attachment.