中国长头网蝽属记述

记述中国分布的长头网蝽属昆虫5种,其中包括1新种,鄂长头网蝽Cantacader hubeianus sp.nov.,2个中国新世纪录种,日本长头网蝽C.japanicus Drake,1947和五脊长头网蝽C.quinquecostatus(Fieber,1844)。给出了长头网蝽属中国种类检索表和23幅形态图。模式标本保存于南开大学昆虫标本室。     

中国长头网蝽属记述（半翅目:网蝽科）

记述中国分布的长头网蝽属昆虫5种,其中包括1新种,鄂长头网蝽Cantacader hubeianus sp.nov., 2个中国新纪录种,日本长头网蝽 C. japanicus Drake, 1947和五脊长头网蝽 C. quinquecostatus (Fieber, 1844)。给出了长头网蝽属中国种类检索表和23幅形态图。模式标本保存于南开大学昆虫标本室。     

中国的厚盲蝽属和拟厚盲蝽属（半翅目：盲蝽科）

本文共记述盲蝽科盲蝽亚科的厚盲蝽属(Eurystylus stal)和拟厚盲蝽属(Eurystylopsis Poppius)的中国种类共7种,其中包括1个新种:中国拟厚盲蝽Eurystylopsis chinensis sp.n.(模式产地:四川、云南),1个中国新记录种:缅甸厚盲蝽Eurystylus burmanicus(Distant)。提出1项新组合关系:即原已由Kititschenko(1913)移人Eurystylus属的Calocoris clavicornis Jakovlev应归于Eurystylopsis属中。并肯定淡缘厚盲蝽Eurystylus costalis Stal可严重破坏枣花,影响枣树结实,造成明显的减产。     

薇盲蝽属和宽垫盲蝽族中国种类记述（半翅目，盲蝽科，单室盲蝽亚科）

记述了中国分布的薇盲蝽属Monalocoris5个种,其中包括3新种：黄盾薇盲蝽M.fulviscutellatus sp.nov.、黑黄薇盲蝽M.nigrofiavis sp.nov.、赭胸薇盲蝽M.ochraceus sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种：大岛薇盲蝽M.a-mamianus Yasunaga,2000;以及宽垫盲蝽族6属9种,其中包括1人新纪录属：榕盲蝽属Dioclerus Distant,1910和2个新纪录种：泰榕盲蝽Dioclerus thailandensis Stonedahl,1988、四斑芋盲蝽Ernestinus tetraxtigma Yasunaga,2000。     

薇盲蝽属和宽垫盲蝽族中国种类E述(半翅目,盲蝽科,单室盲蝽亚科)

记述了中国分布的薇盲蝽属Monalocorgs 5个种,其中包括3新种:黄盾薇盲蝽M.fulviscutellatus sp. nov.、黑黄薇盲蝽M.nigroflavis sp.nov.、赭胸薇盲蝽M. ochraceus sp.nov.和中国1新纪录种:大岛薇盲蝽M.a-mamianus Yasunaga,2000;以及宽垫盲蝽族6属9种,其中包括1个新纪录属:榕盲蝽属Dioclerus Distant,1910和2个新纪录种:泰榕盲蝽Dioclerus thailandensgs Stonedahl,1988、四斑芋盲蝽Ernestinus tetrastigma Yasunaga,2000.     

草盲蝽属中国种类纪要：半翅目：盲蝽科

本文共记述半翅目盲蝽科的常见属—草盲蝽属Lygus(s.str.)Hahn中国种类共11种。其中包括3个新种:毛斑草盲蝽L.paradiscrepans sp.nov.,西藏草盲蝽L.tibetanus sp.nov.,萧氏草盲蝽L.hsiaoi sp.nov.;1个中国新记录种:瓦氏草盲蝽L.wagneri(Remane);以及1项新组合:将poluensis Wagner由Exolygus Wagner属移入本属。文章提供了名录、分布纪录和新种描述     

中国的纹唇盲蝽属和喙盲蝽属(半翅目:盲蝽科)

本文共记载:1,盲蝽科纹唇盲蝽属Charagochilus Fieber 7个中国种,其中包括3个新种:邻纹唇盲蝽Ch. similis sp. nov., 玉龙纹唇盲蝽Ch. yulongensis sp. nov., 淡领蚊唇盲蝽Ch. pallidicollis sp. nov.;1个中国新记录种:狭领纹唇盲蝽Ch. angusticollis Linnavuori;将Proboscidocoris taivanus Poppius 1915移入Charagochilus属;并对Charagochilus gyllenhali (Fallen)的中国记录提出疑问。2,喙盲蝽属Proboscidocoris Reuter 1种:马来喙盲蝽P. malayus Reuter(中国新记录)。     

菊方翅网蝽在中国首次记述(半翅目,网蝽科)

记述方翅网蝽属菊方翅网蝽Corythucha marmorata (Uhler,1878)的形态特征、分布和寄主,并提供了主要鉴别特征照片,给出方翅网蝽属中国种检索表.检视标本保存于南开大学昆虫研究所.     

中国的乌花蝽属和圆花蝽属记述(半翅目:花蝽科)

乌花蝽属Wollastoniella Reuter迄今已知共6种,其中分布于亚洲者仅1种。Carayon(1982)报导,爪哇产的W.testudo Carayon在茶树上捕食一种Tenuipalpidae的螨类。圆花蝽属Bilia Distant已知5种,均为亚洲分布,我国已有记录为台湾的B.castanea(Carvalho)(Carayon ＆ Miyamoto,1960)。据Carayon ＆ Miyamoto(1960),圆花蝽属可能捕食蚜虫和叶蝉的卵。 本文为乌花蝽属在我国以及圆花蝽属在中国大陆的首次报导。共记载乌花蝽属3新种     

中国肩花蝽属记述(半翅目:花蝽科)

肩花蝽属(Tetraphleps Fieber)是花蝽科中的一个不大的属,世界已知共十余种。该属的已知生物学资料说明此类花蝽喜生活在针叶树上,捕食蚜虫和蓟马等,是这些森林害虫的一类潜在天敌。近年加拿大即曾试从印度和巴基斯坦引入此属的花蝽以防治球蚜Adclges piceae(Clark et al 1971;Kelton 1966,1978)。我国迄今尚无此属的明确记录,仅 Pericart(1972)在 T.aterrimus(J.Sahlberg)的分布记录中提及“天山”,但未注明国别,其分布图则似包括我国新疆天山的范围。在历年来收集的花蝽科标本中,我们共发现此属5个种,其中包括3个新种和一个中国新记录种,现分别记述于下。新种模式标本均存在南开大学生物系。描述中的量度单位为mm。     

The simple-septate basidiomycetes: a synopsis

The simple-septate basidiomycetes comprise more than 8,000 species that show a high morphological and ecological heterogeneity. To gain insight in the phylogenetic relationships within this group, we compared several ultrastructural features such as septal pore apparatus, form, and behavior of the spindle pole bodies, types of host–parasite interaction, presence or absence of colacosomes, symplechosomes, atractosomes, and cystosomes as well as nuclear rDNA sequences coding for small- and large-subunit rRNA. Based on our integrated analysis, we propose a new classification system for the simple-septate basidiomycetes with the subphylum Pucciniomycotina and the classes Agaricostilbomycetes, Atractiellomycetes, Classiculomycetes, Cryptomycocolacomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, Mixiomycetes, and Pucciniomycetes. We also propose the pucciniomycotinous taxa Cystobasidiales, Erythrobasidiales, Helicobasidiales, Mixiales, Naohideales, Pachnocybales, Spiculogloeales, and Kondoaceae and the new subphyla Agaricomycotina (equivalent to the current Hymenomycetes) and Ustilaginomycotina (equivalent to the current Ustilaginomycetes).     

Unusual metals as carcinogens

A review of the literature on unusual metals as carcinogens was carried out. The metals covered are some of the rare earths, copper, silver, gold, mercury, germanium, tin, antimony, lead, platinum, palladium, aluminum, titanium, niobium, manganese, scandium, yttrium, indium, rhodium, and gallium.     

Neutrino intergalactic communication,metal life,and viruses: Part 1 quo vadis ex machina

At one spectrum extreme, Astrobiology conjectures that for exoplanets with Goldilocks conditions, terrestrial-like life is inevitable. Moreover, it is envisaged that via panspermia, terrestrial-like life and its precursors are transferred among galaxies, stars, and within solar systems via transiting comets, asteroids, and planetoids. In addition, expelled stars, which have solar systems, it is inferred, transfer life as well. However, at the other extreme, we propose a paradigm shift that on some planets, subject to non- Goldilocks conditions, metal machine life could arise, ab initio, and evolve viruses, intelligence, and civilizations, conjointly. Accordingly, intelligent mechanized civilizations could readily and efficiently commence space exploration. Furthermore, as a counter paradigm shift, such civilizations could experiment and produce non-metallic life, based on carbon and other non-metal elements, under suitable conditions, related to Goldilocks life. Even a single example of validated interstellar or intergalactic communication received on the Earth would support the existence of life elsewhere. However, the communication platform should not be restricted to electromagnetic radiation. Other platforms should be included as well - one such example, which would require sophisticated technology, is neutrino communication. This is the case for any advanced civilization, be it metal-machine based, biological-based, and carbon-based. In sum, civilizations based on machine life, would be highly productive due to the longevity and hardiness of machine life. However, significant caveats are raised in this brief report, because possibly dissimilar psychologies and intelligence may lead to conflicts between metal machine life and biological life, inter-paradigm conflict.     

Nicotinic Agonists, Antagonists, and Modulators From Natural Sources

1. Acetylcholine receptors were initially defined as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on selective activation by two natural products, nicotine and muscarine. Several further nicotinic agonists have been discovered from natural sources, including cytisine, anatoxin, ferruginine, anabaseine, epibatidine, and epiquinamide. These have provided lead structures for the design of a wide range of synthetic agents.2. Natural sources have also provided competitive nicotinic antagonists, such as the Erythrina alkaloids, the tubocurarines, and methyllycaconitine. Noncompetitive antagonists, such as the histrionicotoxins, various izidines, decahydroquinolines, spiropyrrolizidine oximes, pseudophrynamines, ibogaine, strychnine, cocaine, and sparteine have come from natural sources. Finally, galanthamine, codeine, and ivermectin represent positive modulators of nicotinic function, derived from natural sources.3. Clearly, research on acetylcholine receptors and functions has been dependent on key natural products and the synthetic agents that they inspired.     

Systematics and phylogeny of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids (Mollusca, Nudibranchia), with descriptions of a new genus and four new species from Indo-Pacific deep waters

The phylogenetic relationships of the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are studied, based on the examination of the type species of all the genera previously described. The phylogenetic hypothesis supports that the caryophyllidia-bearing dorids are a monophyletic group and the sister group of the clade formed by Astemnotus Ehrenberg, 1831 and Halgerda Bergh, 1880. Several genera previously considered as valid or regarded as uncertain are here synonymized: Peronodoris Bergh, 1904, Trippa Bergh, 1877, Phlegmodoris Bergh, 1878, Petelodoris Bergh, 1881, Kentrodoris Bergh, 1876, Audura Bergh, 1878, Centrodoris P. Fischer, 1883, Anisodoris Bergh, 1898, Awuka Er. Marcus, 1955, Rhabdochiia P. Fischer, 1883, Boreodoris Odhner, 1939, Dictyodoris Bergh, 1880, Gravieria Vayssiere, 1912, Aporodoris Ihering, 1886. The following genera are regarded as valid: Astemnotus, Atagema J.E. Gray, 1850, Jorunna Bergh, 1876, Platydoris Bergh, 1877, Diaulula Bergh, 1878, Rostanga Bergh, 1879, Halgerda Bergh, 1880, Baptodoris Bergh, 1884, Gargamella Bergh, 1894, Alloiodoris Bergh, 1904, Sclerodoris Eliot, 1904, Taringa Er. Marcus, 1955, Thorybopus Bouchet, 1977. The new genus Nophodoris is described based on two new species from New Caledonia deep waters. Two additional new species from New Caledonia belonging to the genera Atagema and Gargamella are also described. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are discussed, and several type species, neotypes and lectotypes are selected.     

Molecular phylogeny of the gobioid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Gobioidei)

The phylogeny of groups within Gobioidei is examined with molecular sequence data. Gobioidei is a speciose, morphologically diverse group of teleost fishes, most of which are small, benthic, and marine. Efforts to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups have been hampered by the prevalence of reductive evolution among goby species; such reduction can make identification of informative morphological characters particularly difficult. Gobies have been variously grouped into two to nine families, several with included subfamilies, but most existing taxonomies are not phylogenetic and few cladistic hypotheses of relationships among goby groups have been advanced. In this study, representatives of eight of the nine gobioid familes (Eleotridae, Odontobutidae, Xenisthmidae, Gobiidae, Kraemeriidae, Schindleriidae, Microdesmidae, and Ptereleotridae), selected to sample broadly from the range of goby diversity, were examined. Complete sequence from the mitochondrial ND1, ND2, and COI genes (3573 bp) was used in a cladistic parsimony analysis to hypothesize relationships among the gobioid groups. A single most parsimonious topology was obtained, with decay indices indicating strong support for most nodes. Major phylogenetic conclusions include that Xenisthmidae is part of Eleotridae, and Eleotridae is paraphyletic with respect to a clade composed of Gobiidae, Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, Kraemeriidae, and Schindleriidae. Within this five-family clade, two clades are recovered. One includes Gobionellinae, which is paraphyletic with respect to Kraemeriidae, Sicydiinae, Oxudercinae, and Amblyopinae. The other contains Gobiinae, also paraphyletic, and including Microdesmidae, Ptereleotridae, and Schindleriidae. Previous morphological evidence for goby groupings is discussed; the phylogenetic hypothesis indicates that the morphological reduction observed in many goby species has been derived several times independently.     

Foliar nutrient levels of broad-leaved tropical trees: A tabular review

Foliar nutrient levels (N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B), of about 40 tropical and subtropical broad-leaved trees, are listed and classified as deficient, low, intermediate, high, and toxic in each case according to the interpretation and evaluation of the reviewed author(s).     

Oxypred： Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding Proteins

This study describes a method for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding pro- teins. Firstly, support vector machine (SVM) modules were developed using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition for predicting oxygen-binding pro- teins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 85.5% and 87.8%, respectively. Sec- ondly, an SVM module was developed based on amino acid composition, classify- ing the predicted oxygen-binding proteins into six classes with accuracy of 95.8%, 97.5%, 97.5%, 96.9%, 99.4%, and 96.0% for erythrocruorin, hemerythrin, hemo- cyanin, hemoglobin, leghemoglobin, and myoglobin proteins, respectively. Finally, an SVM module was developed using dipeptide composition for classifying the oxygen-binding proteins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 96.1%, 98.7%, 98.7%, 85.6%, 99.6%, and 93.3% for the above six classes, respectively. All modules were trained and tested by five-fold cross validation. Based on the above approach, a web server Oxypred was developed for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding proteins(available from http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/oxypred/).     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.