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1.
Background
Preoperative anxiety is common in pediatric patients. When dexmedetomidine is used alone for sedation as premedication, children tend to awaken when separated from their parents, and body movements occur during invasive procedures. We tested the hypothesis that the combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine may be a useful premedication to alleviate preoperative anxiety and improve cooperation during intravenous cannulation in pediatric patients, while producing minimal adverse events.Methods
A total of 135 children, aged 2–5 years and American Society of Anesthesiologists status I–II, scheduled for eye surgery were randomly allocated to receive intranasal dexmedetomidine 2.5 μg/kg (group D), oral ketamine 3 mg/kg and intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg (group DK), or oral ketamine 6 mg/kg (group K) 30 min before surgery. Sedation state was evaluated every 10 min after premedication and emotional state was assessed during separation from their parents and peripheral intravenous cannulation. Adverse events were recorded for 24 h postoperatively. The primary endpoint was the rate of successful intravenous cannulation.Results
The rate of successful venous cannulation was 47% with dexmedetomidine alone, 68% with ketamine alone, and 80% with combined premedication (P?=?0.006). The rate of satisfactory separation from parents was not different among groups. The incidence of adverse events was higher in group K compared with the other two groups (postoperative vomiting, P?=?0.0041; respiratory-related complications during the perioperative period, P?=?0.0032; and postoperative psychological/psychiatric adverse events, P?=?0.0152).Conclusion
The combination of intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg and oral ketamine 3 mg/kg produces satisfactory separation from parents and more successful venous cannulation, allowing children to smoothly accept induction of general anesthesia.Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Unique identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-14004475, Date of registration: 2 April 2014).2.
Elif Erdem Ibrahim Inan Harbiyeli Hazal Boral Macit Ilkit Meltem Yagmur Reha Ersoz 《Mycopathologia》2018,183(3):521-527
Purpose
To evaluate the efficiency of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in addition to topical voriconazole in cases with mycotic keratitis.Design
Retrospective case series in a tertiary university hospital.Participants
CXL was performed on 13 patients with mycotic keratitis who presented poor or no response to topical voriconazole treatment.Methods
The clinical features, symptoms, treatment results and complications were recorded retrospectively. The corneal infection was graded according to the depth of infection into the stroma (from grade 1 to grade 3). The visual analogue scale was used to calculate the pain score before and 2 days after surgery.Main Outcome Measures
Grade of the corneal infection.Results
Mean age of 13 patients (6 female and 7 male) was 42.4 ± 17.7 years (20–74 years). Fungus was demonstrated in culture (eight patients) or cytological examination (five patients). Seven of the 13 patients (54%) were healed with topical voriconazole and CXL adjuvant treatment in 26 ± 10 days (15–40 days). The remaining six patients did not respond to CXL treatment; they initially presented with higher grade ulcers. Pre- and post-operative pain score values were 8 ± 0.8 and 3.5 ± 1, respectively (p < 0.05).Conclusions
The current study suggests that adjunctive CXL treatment is effective in patients with small and superficial mycotic ulcers. These observations require further research by large randomized clinical trials.3.
Dorothea Lesche Roland Geyer Daniel Lienhard Christos T. Nakas Gaëlle Diserens Peter Vermathen Alexander B. Leichtle 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(10):159
Background
Centrifugation is an indispensable procedure for plasma sample preparation, but applied conditions can vary between labs.Aim
Determine whether routinely used plasma centrifugation protocols (1500×g 10 min; 3000×g 5 min) influence non-targeted metabolomic analyses.Methods
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) data were evaluated with sparse partial least squares discriminant analyses and compared with cell count measurements.Results
Besides significant differences in platelet count, we identified substantial alterations in NMR and HRMS data related to the different centrifugation protocols.Conclusion
Already minor differences in plasma centrifugation can significantly influence metabolomic patterns and potentially bias metabolomics studies.4.
Andreas Entenmann Miriam Michel Bruno Ismer Roman Gebauer 《Biomedical engineering online》2017,16(1):139
Background
R-wave synchronised atrial pacing is an effective temporary pacing therapy in infants with postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia. In the technique currently used, adverse short or long intervals between atrial pacing and ventricular sensing (AP–VS) may be observed during routine clinical practice.Objectives
The aim of the study was to analyse outcomes of R-wave synchronised atrial pacing and the relationship between maximum tracking rates and AP–VS intervals.Methods
Calculated AP–VS intervals were compared with those predicted by experienced pediatric cardiologist.Results
A maximum tracking rate (MTR) set 10 bpm higher than the heart rate (HR) may result in undesirable short AP–VS intervals (minimum 83 ms). A MTR set 20 bpm above the HR is the hemodynamically better choice (minimum 96 ms). Effects of either setting on the AP–VS interval could not be predicted by experienced observers. In our newly proposed technique the AP–VS interval approaches 95 ms for HR > 210 bpm and 130 ms for HR < 130 bpm. The progression is linear and decreases strictly (? 0.4 ms/bpm) between the two extreme levels.Conclusions
Adjusting the AP–VS interval in the currently used technique is complex and may imply unfavorable pacemaker settings. A new pacemaker design is advisable to allow direct control of the AP–VS interval.5.
John M. Wentworth Naiara G. Bediaga Megan A. S. Penno Esther Bandala-Sanchez Komal N. Kanojia Konstantinos A. Kouremenos Jennifer J. Couper Leonard C. Harrison ENDIA Study Group 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(10):130
Background
Cord blood lipids are potential disease biomarkers. We aimed to determine if their concentrations were affected by delayed blood processing.Method
Refrigerated cord blood from six healthy newborns was centrifuged every 12 h for 4 days. Plasma lipids were analysed by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy.Results
Of 262 lipids identified, only eight varied significantly over time. These comprised three dihexosylceramides, two phosphatidylserines and two phosphatidylethanolamines whose relative concentrations increased and one sphingomyelin that decreased.Conclusion
Delay in separation of plasma from refrigerated cord blood has minimal effect overall on the plasma lipidome.6.
Josef Marksteiner Imrich Blasko Georg Kemmler Therese Koal Christian Humpel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(1):1
Introduction
There is still a clear need for a widely available, inexpensive and reliable method to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and monitor disease progression. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a powerful analytic technique with a very high sensitivity and specificity.Objectives
The aim of the present study is to measure concentrations of 20 bile acids using the novel Kit from Biocrates Life Sciences based on LC-MS technique.Methods
Twenty bile acid metabolites were quantitatively measured in plasma of 30 cognitively healthy subjects, 20 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 30 patients suffering from AD.Results
Levels of lithocholic acid were significantly enhanced in plasma of AD patients (50?±?6 nM, p?=?0.004) compared to healthy controls (32?±?3 nM). Lithocholic acid plasma levels of MCI patients (41?±?4 nM) were not significantly different from healthy subjects or AD patients. Levels of glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid and glycolithocholic acid were significantly higher in AD patients compared to MCI patients (p?<?0.05). All other cholic acid metabolites were not significantly different between healthy subjects, MCI patients and AD patients. ROC analysis shows an overall accuracy of about 66%. Discriminant analysis was used to classify patients and we found that 15/23 were correctly diagnosed. We further showed that LCA levels increased by about 3.2 fold when healthy subjects converted to AD patients within a 8–9 year follow up period. Pathway analysis linked these changes to a putative toxic cholesterol pathway.Conclusion
In conclusion, 4 bile acids may be useful to diagnose AD in plasma samples despite limitations in diagnostic accuracy.7.
Wen-Han Chuang Arivajiagane Arundhathi Ching Lu Chang-Chiang Chen Wan-Chen Wu Hendra Susanto Jerry D. T. Purnomo Chih-Hong Wang 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(6):108
Introduction
Dysregulation of acylcarnitines (AcylCNs) and amino acids metabolism have implicated in abnormality of fatty acid oxidation in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is not well known whether altered plasma AcylCN, and amino acid profiles are associated with albuminuria or diabetic nephropathy (DN) in T2D.Objective
The aim of this study was to elucidate alterations in plasma levels of AcylCNs and amino acids with respect to the T2D patients with various stages of albuminuria.Methods
We recruited 52 healthy subjects as control, and 156 T2D patients which were divided into 52 normoalbuminuria, 52 microalbuminuria, and 52 macroalbuminuria. Plasma 37 AcylCNs and 12 amino acids were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry.Results
We found that T2D with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria had lower shot-, medium-, and long-chain AcylCNs, whereas T2D with macroalbuminuria had higher short-and medium-chain AcylCNs and lower long-chain AcylCNs than healthy subjects. Moreover, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was a negative, independent and significant predictor of albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) levels (β = ?0.376, P < 0.001), whereas plasma Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly and positively associated with ACR levels (β = 0.169, P = 0.049). Furthermore, multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that isobutyrylcarnitine (C4) was a positive, independent, and significant predictor of ACR levels with higher odds of having T2D patients with progression normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria [OR = 9.93, 95 % CI (3.51–28.05), P < 0.001].Conclusions
The findings suggest that plasma C4 may serve as a potential biomarker for the early stages of DN.8.
Jaimie Dufresne Angelique Florentinus-Mefailoski Juliet Ajambo Ammara Ferwa Peter Bowden John Marshall 《Clinical proteomics》2017,14(1):41
Background
Normal human EDTA plasma samples were collected on ice, processed ice cold, and stored in a freezer at – 80 °C prior to experiments. Plasma test samples from the – 80 °C freezer were thawed on ice or intentionally warmed to room temperature.Methods
Protein content was measured by CBBR binding and the release of alcohol soluble amines by the Cd ninhydrin assay. Plasma peptides released over time were collected over C18 for random and independent sampling by liquid chromatography micro electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS) and correlated with X!TANDEM.Results
Fully tryptic peptides by X!TANDEM returned a similar set of proteins, but was more computationally efficient, than “no enzyme” correlations. Plasma samples maintained on ice, or ice with a cocktail of protease inhibitors, showed lower background amounts of plasma peptides compared to samples incubated at room temperature. Regression analysis indicated that warming plasma to room temperature, versus ice cold, resulted in a ~ twofold increase in the frequency of peptide identification over hours–days of incubation at room temperature. The type I error rate of the protein identification from the X!TANDEM algorithm combined was estimated to be low compared to a null model of computer generated random MS/MS spectra.Conclusion
The peptides of human plasma were identified and quantified with low error rates by random and independent sampling that revealed 1000s of peptides from hundreds of human plasma proteins from endogenous tryptic peptides.9.
Line Engelbrechtsen Eva Pers Winning Iepsen Ehm A. Andersson Yuvaraj Mahendran Julie Lundgren Anna Elisabet Jonsson Sten Madsbad Jens Juul Holst Henrik Vestergaard Torben Hansen Signe Sørensen Torekov 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(12):181
Introduction
Increased levels of circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), as well as phenylalanine, and tyrosine have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, it is unknown how these metabolites are affected by weight loss, and during weight-maintaining treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA).Objective
We aimed to characterize changes in metabolites related to protein turnover and glycolysis after a weight loss intervention followed by long term weight maintenance with/without GLP-1 RA.Methods
Fifty-eight obese individuals underwent a diet-induced 12 % body weight loss during 8 weeks. Participants were randomized to weight maintenance with or without administration of the GLP-1 RA liraglutide (1.2 mg/day) for 52 weeks. Metabolomic profiling by high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used for quantification of metabolites.Results
The weight loss was maintained in both groups and was associated with 9–20 % decreases in plasma concentrations of alanine, phenylalanine, histidine, tyrosine and the BCAAs leucine, isoleucine and valine (p < 0.05). Plasma citrate levels increased during weight loss (p = 5.2 × 10?15) and showed inverse correlation with insulin resistance measured by HOMA–IR levels (r = ?0.318, p = 0.025). Valine concentrations were lower in the control group compared to the GLP-1RA group during weight maintenance (p = 0.005).Conclusion
Weight loss is associated with marked changes in plasma concentrations of eight amino acids and glycolysis-related metabolites. Levels of the suggested type 2 diabetes risk markers (BCAAs) remain low during long-term weight maintenance.10.
Medium chain fatty acids in intrauterine growth restricted and small for gestational age pregnancies
Silvia Visentin Sara Crotti Elena Donazzolo Sara D’Aronco Donato Nitti Erich Cosmi Marco Agostini 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(5):54
Introduction
Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes in adult life. Fetal growth is determined by nutrient availability, which is related to placenta nutrient transport. Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are a particular class of nutrients, known to be a readily available energy source. Until now no data are reported on these MCFAs in low birth weight fetus.Aim
This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary center of prenatal diagnosis to investigate the maternal and fetal MCFAs levels in appropriate for gestational age (AGA), intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR), and small for gestational age (SGA) pregnancies.Method
The plasmatic levels of MCFAs in AGA, IUGR and SGA mother–infant pairs were quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The analytical method had a linearity range of 0.1–50 mg/L and a limit of quantification of 0.03 mg/L. Reduced fetal growth was defined as an estimated fetal weight below the 3rd–10th percentile for gestational age, with (IUGR) or without (SGA) fetal Doppler abnormalities.Result
Maternal and fetal MCFAs plasma levels were significantly different among SGA, IUGR and AGA groups. Additionally, the observed MCFAs fetal to maternal ratio is >1 for IUGR group, whilst for SGA and AGA the fetal to maternal ratio is less than one.Conclusion
Changes in MCFAs levels in fetal and maternal plasma are not related to placental functionality or nutrients availability, suggesting the presence of a de novo biosynthesis.11.
Background
A recent review article suggests that elimination of infused crystalloid fluid might occur faster in females than in males. To study this question, a population kinetic analysis was performed to compare the turnover of buffered Ringer’s solution when infused at different rates in males and females.Methods
Data were retrieved from seven series of experiments where 44 intravenous infusions of Ringer’s acetate had been given to female volunteers and 67 to male volunteers. Frequent measurements of the blood hemoglobin and the urinary excretion were used as input in a kinetic two-volume model with micro-constants and covariates, using a nonlinear mixed effects software. The key outcome measure was the rate of irreversible elimination of infused fluid, which was expressed as the half-life, obtained as the excreted urine divided by the modeled plasma volume expansion over time.Results
The half-life amounted to 24 min (95 % confidence interval, 21–27) in the females and 38 min (33–42) in the males. The urinary excretion differed somewhat less than suggested by these figures during the experimental period (3–4 h) because the plasma volume became less expanded in the females. This was due to that fluid that had been distributed peripheral tissues (the interstitium) returned slightly more slowly to the central fluid space (the plasma) in the females. Gender did not serve as a statistically significant covariate to other rate constants in the kinetic model.Conclusions
The half-life of infused Ringer’s acetate was 60 % longer in healthy male volunteers than in female volunteers.12.
Stephanie Blindenbach Jisca W. F. A. Vrancken Hans van der Zeijden Herre J. Reesink Folkert Brijker Martin Smalbrugge Elizabeth M. Wattel 《Tijdschrift voor gerontologie en geriatrie》2017,48(3):112-120
Introduction
Frail COPD patients are frequently not accepted for regular pulmonary rehabilitation programs due to low physical condition and functional limitations. Rehabilitation programs in nursing homes for geriatric patients with COPD have been developed. The effects of such programs are largely unknown.Aims
To assess the course of COPD-related hospital admissions and exercise tolerance in a cohort of frail COPD patients participating in geriatric COPD rehabilitation.Methods
Retrospective observational study with a follow up of 12 months after discharge from rehabilitation. COPD related hospital admission days were measured in the year before and after participating rehabilitation. Exercise tolerance was measured by the six minute walk test (6MWT) at admission and at discharge from rehabilitation.Results
Fifty-eight participants accomplished the rehabilitation program. Twelve patients died in the first year after discharge. The median number of hospital admission days in the year before participating rehabilitation was 21 (IQR 10–33). The first year after discharge this was decreased to a median of 6 (IQR 0–12). The 6MWT increased from 194 (SD 85) meters at admission to 274 (SD 95) meters at discharge (mean difference 80 m, SD 72; p < 0.05).Conclusions
Geriatric COPD rehabilitation in a nursing home setting seems to reduce hospital admissions in frail COPD patients and to increase exercise tolerance.13.
Ying Wang Brian D. Carter Susan M. Gapstur Marjorie L. McCullough Mia M. Gaudet Victoria L. Stevens 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(10):129
Introduction
Processing delays after blood collection is a common pre-analytical condition in large epidemiologic studies. It is critical to evaluate the suitability of blood samples with processing delays for metabolomics analysis as it is a potential source of variation that could attenuate associations between metabolites and disease outcomes.Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of metabolites over extended processing delays up to 48 h. We also aimed to test the reproducibility of the metabolomics platform.Methods
Blood samples were collected from 18 healthy volunteers. Blood was stored in the refrigerator and processed for plasma at 0, 15, 30, and 48 h after collection. Plasma samples were metabolically profiled using an untargeted, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) platform. Reproducibility of 1012 metabolites over processing delays and reproducibility of the platform were determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with variance components estimated from mixed-effects models.Results
The majority of metabolites (approximately 70% of 1012) were highly reproducible (ICCs?≥?0.75) over 15-, 30- or 48-h processing delays. Nucleotides, energy-related metabolites, peptides, and carbohydrates were most affected by processing delays. The platform was highly reproducible with a median technical ICC of 0.84 (interquartile range 0.68–0.93).Conclusion
Most metabolites measured by the UPLC–MS/MS platform show acceptable reproducibility up to 48-h processing delays. Metabolites of certain pathways need to be interpreted cautiously in relation to outcomes in epidemiologic studies with prolonged processing delays.14.
Objective
To protect the enzymes during fed-batch cellulase production by means of partial enzyme recovery at regular intervals.Results
Extracellular enzymes were partially recovered at the intervals of 1, 2, or 3 days. Mycelia were also removed to avoid contamination. Increases in the total harvested cellulase (24–62%) and β-glucosidase (22–76%) were achieved. In fermentor cultivation when the enzymes were recovered every day with 15% culture broth. The total harvested cellulase and β-glucosidase activity increased by 43 and 58%, respectively, with fungal cell concentration maintained at 3.5–4.5 g l?1.Conclusion
Enzyme recovery at regular intervals during fed-batch cellulase cultivation could protect the enzyme in the culture broth and enhance the enzyme production when the fungal cell concentration is maintained in a reasonable range.15.
Lijun Yang Litao Zhang Lihong Yan Haifeng Zheng Peifen Lu Junjun Chen Jie Dai Haibiao Sun Yong Xu Tao Yang 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(8):1183-1190
Objective
To assess the stabilities of Arg-Gly-Asp-Trp-Arg (RGDWR, designated as RWR), a new patented antithrombotic small peptide, and its derivative with ω-aminocaprylic acid on its N-terminus (ωRWR).Results
RWR in rat plasma was decreased by between 32 and 48% after 4 h incubation on ice, indicating its instability in plasma. In contrast, ωRWR in plasma remained at 96–107%. Concentration changes were within 6.2% for ωRWR after storage in various conditions. ωRWR is therefore stable in rat plasma, as well as under different storage methods. Furthermore, ω-aminocaprylic acid added onto the RWR peptide did not affect its antiplatelet aggregation activity.Conclusions
A novel small peptide, ωRWR, has been developed with a good stability for possible antithrombotic use.16.
N. Cesbron A.-L. Royer Y. Guitton A. Sydor B. Le Bizec G. Dervilly-Pinel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(8):99
Introduction
Collecting feces is easy. It offers direct outcome to endogenous and microbial metabolites.Objectives
In a context of lack of consensus about fecal sample preparation, especially in animal species, we developed a robust protocol allowing untargeted LC-HRMS fingerprinting.Methods
The conditions of extraction (quantity, preparation, solvents, dilutions) were investigated in bovine feces.Results
A rapid and simple protocol involving feces extraction with methanol (1/3, M/V) followed by centrifugation and a step filtration (10 kDa) was developed.Conclusion
The workflow generated repeatable and informative fingerprints for robust metabolome characterization.17.
Amanda J. Lloyd Manfred Beckmann Kathleen Tailliart Wendy Y. Brown John Draper David Allaway 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(4):72
Introduction
Dog breeds are a consequence of artificial selection for specific attributes. These closed genetic populations have metabolic and physiological characteristics that may be revealed by metabolomic analysis.Objectives
To identify and characterise the drivers of metabolic differences in the fasted plasma metabolome and then determine metabolites differentiating breeds.Methods
Fasted plasma samples were collected from dogs maintained under two environmental conditions (controlled and client-owned at home). The former (n = 33) consisted of three breeds (Labrador Retriever, Cocker Spaniel and Miniature Schnauzer) fed a single diet batch, the latter (n = 96), client-owned dogs consisted of 9 breeds (Beagle, Chihuahua, Cocker Spaniel, Dachshund, Golden Retriever, Greyhound, German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever and Maltese) consuming various diets under differing feeding regimens. Triplicate samples were taken from Beagle (n = 10) and Labrador Retriever (n = 9) over 3 months. Non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting was performed using flow infusion electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry which was coupled with multivariate data analysis. Metadata factors including age, gender, sexual status, weight, diet and breed were investigated.Results
Breed differences were identified in the plasma metabolome of dogs housed in a controlled environment. Triplicate samples from two breeds identified intra-individual variability, yet breed separation was still observed. The main drivers of variance in dogs maintained in the home environment were associated with breed and gender. Furthermore, metabolite signals were identified that discriminated between Labrador Retriever and Cocker Spaniels in both environments.Conclusion
Metabolite fingerprinting of plasma samples can be used to investigate breed differences in client-owned dogs, despite added variance of diet, sexual status and environment.18.
Yvonne S. Lin Savannah J. Kerr Timothy Randolph Laura M. Shireman Tauri Senn Jeannine S. McCune 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(10):161
Introduction
High-dose busulfan (busulfan) is an integral part of the majority of hematopoietic cell transplantation conditioning regimens. Intravenous (IV) busulfan doses are personalized using pharmacokinetics (PK)-guided dosing where the patient’s IV busulfan clearance is calculated after the first dose and is used to personalize subsequent doses to a target plasma exposure. PK-guided dosing has improved patient outcomes and is clinically accepted but highly resource-intensive.Objective
We sought to discover endogenous plasma biomarkers predictive of IV busulfan clearance using a global pharmacometabolomics-based approachMethods
Using LC-QTOF, we analyzed 59 (discovery) and 88 (validation) plasma samples obtained before IV busulfan administration.Results
In the discovery dataset, we evaluated the association of the relative abundance of 1885 ions with IV busulfan clearance and found 21 ions that were associated with IV busulfan clearance tertiles (r2 ≥ 0.3). Identified compounds were deoxycholic acid and/or chenodeoxycholic acid, and linoleic acid. We used these 21 ions to develop a parsimonious seven-ion linear predictive model that accurately predicted IV busulfan clearance in 93 % (discovery) and 78 % (validation) of samples.Conclusion
IV busulfan clearance was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of 21 ions, seven of which were included in a predictive model that accurately predicted IV busulfan clearance in the majority of the validation samples. These results reinforce the potential of pharmacometabolomics as a critical tool in personalized medicine, with the potential to improve the personalized dosing of drugs with a narrow therapeutic index such as busulfan.19.
Yuliya V. Kuzmicheva Aleksander I. Shaposhnikov Svetlana N. Petrova Natalia M. Makarova Irina L. Tychinskaya Jan V. Puhalsky Nikolay V. Parahin Igor A. Tikhonovich Andrey A. Belimov 《Plant and Soil》2017,413(1-2):83-95
Aims
It has been increasingly recognized that only distal lower order roots turn over actively within the <2 mm fine root system of trees. This study aimed to estimate fine root production and turnover rate based on lower order fine roots and their relations to soil variables in mangroves.Methods
We conducted sequential coring in five natural mangrove forests at Dongzhai Bay, China. Annual fine root production and turnover rate were calculated based on the seasonal variations of the biomass and necromass of lower order roots or the whole fine root system.Results
Annual fine root production and turnover rate ranged between 571 and 2838 g m?2 and 1.46–5.96 yr?1, respectively, estimated with lower order roots, and they were increased by 0–30 % and reduced by 13–48 %, respectively, estimated with the whole fine root system. Annual fine root production was 1–3.5 times higher than aboveground litter production and was positively related to soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Fine root turnover rate was negatively related to soil salinity.Conclusions
Mangrove fine root turnover plays a more important role than aboveground litter production in soil C accumulation. Sites with higher soil nutrients and lower salinity favor fine root production and turnover, and thus favor soil C accumulation.20.
Judy Orikiiriza Izabella Surowiec Elisabeth Lindquist Mari Bonde Jimmy Magambo Charles Muhinda Sven Bergström Johan Trygg Johan Normark 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(4):41