Inhibitory activity and conformational transition of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor variants.

Several variants of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) were investigated by spectroscopic methods and characterized according to their inhibitory activity. Replacement of Thr345 (P14) with Arg in alpha 1-PI containing an Arg residue in position 358 (yielding [Thr345----Arg, Met358----Arg]alpha 1-PI) results in complete loss of its inhibitory activity against human alpha-thrombin; whereas an exchange of residue Met351 (P8) by Glu [( Met351----Glu, Met358----Arg]alpha 1-PI) does not alter activity. [Thr345----Arg, Met358----Arg]alpha 1-PI is rapidly cleaved by thrombin, while [Met358----Arg]alpha 1-PI and [Met351----Glu, Met358----Arg]alpha 1-PI form stable proteinase-inhibitor complexes. The stability of [Thr345----Arg, Met358----Arg]alpha 1-PI against guanidinium chloride denaturation is significantly enhanced compared to wild-type alpha 1-PI, and does not change after cleavage, resembling ovalbumin, a serpin with no inhibitory activity, from which the Thr345----Arg amino acid exchange had been derived. [Met351----Glu, Met358----Arg]alpha 1-PI and [Met358----Arg]alpha 1-PI resemble the wild-type protein in this respect. The CD spectra of intact and cleaved alpha 1-PI variants do not compare well with the wild-type protein, probably reflecting local structural differences. Insertion of a synthetic peptide, which corresponds to residues Thr345----Met358 of human alpha 1-PI, leads to the formation of binary complexes with all variants having the characteristic features of the binary complex between peptide and wild-type protein.     

High-level production of TaqI restriction endonuclease by three different expression systems in Escherichia coli cells using the T7 phage promoter

Three different expression systems were constructed for the high-level production of TaqI restriction endonuclease in recombinant Escherichia colicells. In system [R], the TaqI endonuclease gene was cloned and expressed under the control of the strong T7 RNA polymerase promoter. To protect cellular DNA, methylase protection was provided by constitutive co-expression of TaqI methylase activity either by cloning the TaqI methylase gene on a second plasmid (system [R,M]) or by constructing a recombinant plasmid harboring both the endonuclease and methylase genes (system [R+M]). In batch shake flasks containing complex media, co-expression of the methylase gene in systems [R,M] and [R+M] resulted in a 2- and 3-fold increase in volumetric productivity over system [R], yielding activities of 250x10(6) U l(-1) and 350x10(6) U l(-1), which were 28 and 39 times higher than the data in the literature, respectively. Under controlled bioreactor conditions in chemically defined medium, co-expression of methylase activity greatly improved the yield and specific TaqI endonuclease productivity of the recombinant cells, and reduced acetic acid excretion levels. System [R,M] is preferable for high expression levels at longer operation periods, while system [R+M] is well-suited for high expression levels in short-term bioreactor operation.     

Influence of acetate on the growth of recombinant Escherichia coli JM103 and product formation

The influence of the acetate addeed to the M9 minimal medium and to the Luria-Bertani medium without and with glucose supplement on the growth of recombinant Escherichia coli J103 with three different types of multicopy plasmids and on the production of the fusion protein SpA :: EcoRI were investigated in shake flasks without and with induction of the gene expression by a temperature shift from 30 °C to 42 °C. At the beginning of the induction of gene expression concentrated LB-medium was added to the shake flask. Without this supplement of M9 medium no gene expression occurred.List of Symbols LB Luria Bertani cultivation medium (Table 2) - M9 cultivation medium (Table 1) - P enzym activity [U ml^–1] - te]TCC total cell count [10⁶ cells ml^–1] - specific growth rate [h-1]     

产朊假丝酵母整合表达载体的构建

[目的]构建一个产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis,C.utilis)整合表达载体.[方法]该载体以质粒pBR322为骨架,包括3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAP)启动子和终止子、放线菌酮(CYH)抗性基因和18S rDNA介导的同源整合区.再以木聚糖酶基因为目标基因,插入pGLR9K载体上,构建重组表达载体,电击转化C.utilis.对阳性转化子进行酶活测定,检测其表达情况.[结果]转化子的胞内外都可检测到木聚糖酶酶活,酶活可达60 U/mL.[结论]本实验构建了一个C.utilis载体,并用此载体表达了木聚糖酶基因,本研究将为产朊假丝酵母工程菌在饲料添加剂及食品行业中的应用提供又一个新的实验平台.     

新型酵母蛋白表位标记和基因敲除质粒系统的构建及可行性验证

【目的】构建一套用于酿酒酵母基因功能研究的质粒。该套质粒结合pUG系列和pFA6a系列的优点,同时采用同尾酶实现蛋白表位标签的串联插入。【方法】利用PCR技术分别克隆pUG系列质粒的lox P位点、pFA6a质粒多酶切位点和ADH1终止子模块;通过重组连接各片段,构建pCLHN-TRP和pCLHN-URA质粒。在此基础上利用同尾酶实现多种蛋白表位标签的单个或串联重复插入,获得一系列蛋白表位标记质粒。最后,以ATG1、COX4和NHX1为例验证本质粒系列的性能。【结果】在本项工作中,我们共构建2种基因敲除用质粒和17种表位标记用质粒(涵盖1-8 FLAG、1-12 V5、3-9 HA、2-8MYC、GFP和m Cherry)。在几个靶基因上的应用证实了本套质粒的实用性。尤其值得指出的是,通过组合采用不同重复度的串联表位标签,在同一张膜上同时检测表达差异极大的不同蛋白而不使高表达蛋白信号饱和成为可能。【结论】本文所构建的pCLHN质粒系列是对现有酵母质粒工具的有益补充。     

Single amino acid substitutions in recombinant plant-derived human α1-proteinase inhibitor confer enhanced stability and functional efficacy

Background

Human α₁-proteinase inhibitor (α₁-PI) is the most abundant serine protease inhibitor in the blood and the heterologous expression of recombinant α₁-PI has great potential for possible therapeutic applications. However, stability and functional efficacy of the recombinant protein expressed in alternate hosts are of major concern.

Methods

Five variants of plant-expressed recombinant α₁-PI protein were developed by incorporating single amino acid substitutions at specific sites, namely F51C, F51L, A70G, M358V and M374I. Purified recombinant α₁-PI variants were analyzed for their expression, biological activity, oxidation-resistance, conformational and thermal stability by DAC-ELISA, porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) inhibition assays, transverse urea gradient (TUG) gel electrophoresis, fluorescence spectroscopy and far-UV CD spectroscopy.

Results

Urea-induced unfolding of recombinant α₁-PI variants revealed that the F51C mutation shifted the mid-point of transition from 1.4 M to 4.3 M, thus increasing the conformational stability close to the human plasma form, followed by F51L, A70G and M374I variants. The variants also exhibited enhanced stability for heat denaturation, and the size-reducing substitution at Phe51 slowed down the deactivation rate ~ 5-fold at 54 °C. The M358V mutation at the active site of the protein did not significantly affect the conformational or thermal stability of the recombinant α₁-PI but provided enhanced resistance to oxidative inactivation.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that single amino acid substitutions resulted in improved stability and oxidation-resistance of the plant-derived recombinant α₁-PI protein, without inflicting the inhibitory activity of the protein.

General significance

Our results demonstrate the significance of engineered modifications in plant-derived recombinant α₁-PI protein molecule for further therapeutic development.     

表达PEDV S和PoRV VP7蛋白的重组伪狂犬毒株构建

【背景】猪流行性腹泻、猪轮状病毒病与猪伪狂犬病是严重危害全球养猪业的3种重要传染病,混合感染往往导致猪场更严重的损失。【目的】利用同源重组技术构建共表达猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV) S蛋白和猪轮状病毒(Rotavirus,PoRV) VP7蛋白的猪伪狂犬三联基因工程疫苗株,并研究其部分生物学特性。【方法】通过序列比对、蛋白结构分析筛选s基因的475?804 aa和vp7基因的17?339 aa作为毒株构建的目的片段,依次构建了pMD-S、pMD-VP7、pMD-VP7.S克隆载体和pEGFP-VP7.S转移载体。将质粒pEGFP-VP7.S和PRV XJ亲本株同源重组,空斑纯化得到重组毒株PRV (CM),对其稳定性和增殖特性进行研究。【结果】构建了共表达S蛋白和VP7蛋白的伪狂犬基因工程病毒,连续传代20次,均能检测到vp7和s基因,而gE基因阴性;Western blotting证实2种外源基因在重组病毒中均能实现良好的表达;测定亲本毒株和重组毒株的TCID50分别是10?7.59/0.1 mL和10?7.25/0.1 mL。【结论】获得了伪狂犬基因工程重组弱毒株PRV (CM),外源基因稳定存在,毒力基因稳定缺失,增殖特性差异不大,为PRV、PEDV和PoRV基因工程三联苗研究奠定了基础。     

Inhibitory effect of recombinant iNOS gene expression on vasomotor function of canine basilar artery

The present study was designed to determine the effect of recombinant inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) gene expression on vasomotor function in cerebral arteries. Isolated canine basilar arteries were exposed ex vivo (30 min at 37 degrees C) to an adenoviral vector [10(7), 10(8), or 10(9) plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml] encoding either the iNOS gene or the beta-galactosidase reporter gene. Twenty-four hours after transduction, Western blot analysis demonstrated expression of iNOS protein only in iNOS (10(9) pfu/ml)-transduced arteries. Immunohistochemical analysis localized iNOS expression predominantly in adventitia. Vascular reactivity of isolated basilar arteries was studied by isometric force recording. Concentration-response curves to UTP (10(-9)-10(-3) M) and diethylaminodiazen-1-ium-1,2-dioate (10(-10)-10(-5) M) were significantly shifted to the right in iNOS gene (10(9) pfu/ml)-transduced rings compared with control and beta-galactosidase-transduced rings (P < 0.05, n = 5-6). Endothelium-dependent relaxation to bradykinin was significantly attenuated in iNOS-transduced rings (P < 0.001, n = 8). The basal level of cGMP and superoxide anion (O(2)(-).) production were elevated in iNOS-transduced rings (P < 0.05, n = 7 for cGMP; P < 0.01, n = 6-9 for O(2)(-). production). Our results suggest that expression of recombinant iNOS in cerebral arteries reduces vasomotor reactivity to both vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agonists. Attenuation of contractions is most likely due to functional antagonism between UTP and cGMP. Reduction of endothelium-dependent relaxation to bradykinin appears to be mediated in part by reduced reactivity of smooth muscle cells to NO.     

抗凝活性肽RGD226基因构建、表达、产物纯化及活性分析

通过PCR法 ,将来源于蛇毒蛋白质eristostatin中的一段含有RGD(Arg Gly Asp)序列的十三肽(SRVARGDWNDDYS)的基因 ,以一个无胰岛素活性但保留天然免疫原性的胰岛素原突变体(PJG4 0 1)基因为模板 ,置换其B2 8和A1位之间的连接肽基因 ,构建成了能展示RGD功能序列的人源化分子 (RGD2 2 6 )的基因 .通过该基因在大肠杆菌中的表达、产物分离纯化 ,得到高纯度RGD2 2 6 .该RGD肽对由ADP诱导的体外人血小板聚集的半抑制浓度IC50 为 2 2 3μmol L .其胰岛素免疫活性是PJG4 0 1的 15 1% ,提示其在一定程度上保留了胰岛素原的免疫原性 .其受体结合活性不到PJG4 0 1的 0 1% ,说明其胰岛素的生物活性基本丧失 .动物实验证实 ,RGD2 2 6在延长小鼠出血时间上具有较明显的作用     

NADC30-like猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒样颗粒的制备与鉴定

【背景】猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)可以造成怀孕母猪的繁殖障碍及仔猪的呼吸系统疾病,近年来,NADC30-like谱系PRRSV已成为国内的优势流行毒株。【目的】研制针对NADC30-like谱系PRRSV的病毒样颗粒(virus-like particle,VLP)疫苗。【方法】将PRRSV NADC30-like毒株编码GP5蛋白开放阅读框5(open reading frame 5,ORF5)、ORF6(编码M蛋白)分别连接至pFastBac^TMDual载体P₁₀和P_H启动子下游多克隆位点,获得穿梭质粒pFB-30-ORF5及pFB-30-ORF6,酶切鉴定后,将ORF6基因插入到穿梭质粒pFB-30-ORF5 P_H启动子下游,构建穿梭质粒pFB-30-ORF5-OPF6。将上述3种穿梭质粒分别转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞,通过蓝白斑筛选及PCR鉴定重组杆粒。再将获得的重组杆粒转染至SF9昆虫细胞,发现细胞病变后收获病毒液,继续盲传3代,在透射电镜下观察是否有病毒样颗粒。用第3代病毒液感染SF9细胞后,分别用GP5蛋白、His-tag、Flag-tag单克隆抗体作为一抗,通过免疫电镜、间接免疫荧光(indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)、Western blotting鉴定重组蛋白。【结果】成功构建了3种穿梭质粒pFB-30-ORF5、pFB-30-ORF6和pFB-30-ORF5-OPF6,酶切鉴定正确。通过蓝白斑筛选及PCR验证后获得重组杆粒,分别命名为Bacmind-30-ORF5、Bacmind-30-ORF6和Bacmind-30-ORF5-ORF6。重组杆粒感染SF9细胞120h时出现明显的细胞病变,收获病毒液后,在透射电子显微镜可观察到大小为50nm左右呈现球形结构的VLPs。免疫电镜可以观察到胶体金颗粒结合在VLPs周围;IFA结果显示实验组均出现了明显绿色的特异性荧光灶;Western blotting结果表明,3种VLPs均出现特异性条带,并与预期大小一致。【结论】制备了3种NADC30-like谱系PRRSV的病毒样颗粒,为针对PRRSV新谱系流行株疫苗的研发奠定了基础。     

不同宿主来源的重组酿酒酵母混合糖代谢比较

【目的】研究不同工业酿酒酵母宿主背景对重组酵母木糖利用效率的影响。【方法】将木糖利用途径的木糖还原酶(XR)、木糖醇脱氢酶(XDH)和木酮糖激酶(XK)编码基因串联后分别转入3株不同的工业酿酒酵母中,得到重组酵母ZQ1、ZQ5和ZQ7。分别对3个木糖途径代谢基因的表达水平、酶活和重组菌株的木糖发酵效率进行比较。【结果】重组菌株在木糖代谢基因转录、酶活性和木糖利用性能方面有很大差异,其中ZQ5木糖代谢能力最强,ZQ7其次,ZQ1木糖利用能力最弱。ZQ7在初始木糖浓度为20 g/L时木糖利用速率快于ZQ5,表明木糖浓度对重组菌发酵性能评价具有影响。【结论】不同菌株的遗传背景和木糖浓度对重组菌木糖利用的影响很大,评价重组酵母的木糖利用需考虑宿主的遗传背景和底物浓度的影响。     

Antihypertensive Effect of Boysenberry Seed Polyphenols on Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Identification of Orally Absorbable Proanthocyanidins with Vasorelaxant Activity

An E. coli expression clone coding for human proinsulin, which was fused to NH₂-terminal β-galactosidase, was engineered for the separation from host proteins by introducing peptide devices, and for the sequential removal of the fused polypeptide by cyanogen bromide in front of the NH₂ terminal residue (methionine) of the human proinsulin gene. Short synthetic genes encoding oligopeptide residues including (Glu)_n, (His)_n, (Trp)_n, and (Ser)_n (n = 10 or 11), which have certain characteristic physical properties such as metal-affinity, polarity, hydrophobicity, and hydrophilicity, respectively, were inserted at the junction region of the gene fusion. Interestingly, it was found that among the oligopeptides, the oligohistidine residue as an affinity-tag has greatly facilitated the procedures for FPI purification, particularly in the manner of selective metal-affinity precipitation. The chelating peptide covering the NH₂-terminal beta-galactosidase portion could then be removed simply after purification to generate a protein with the natural amino acid sequence of proinsulin by cyanogen bromide.     

口蹄疫O型重组病毒的构建及其免疫原性分析

【目的】利用反向遗传操作技术,构建含O型口蹄疫病毒(food-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV) 3个拓扑型免疫优势结构蛋白基因的重组FMDV,评估其作为猪O型口蹄疫(food-and-mouth disease, FMD)疫苗候选株的潜力。【方法】通过基因合成,在FMD疫苗株O/HN/CHA/93 (古典中国拓扑型)的基因中嵌合流行株O/NXYCh/CHA/2018 (东南亚拓扑型) VP1结构蛋白的重组病毒骨架上,用O/TUR/5/2009疫苗株(中东-南亚拓扑型) VP1蛋白的G-H环基因替换其对等基因,构建含O型3个拓扑型FMDV结构蛋白基因的重组全长质粒,Not I线性化后转染表达T7 RNA聚合酶的BSR/T7细胞,拯救重组病毒。通过RT-PCR、序列测定、间接免疫荧光鉴定重组病毒;噬斑试验和一步生长曲线分析重组病毒的生物学特性。重组病毒制备疫苗免疫猪,用病毒中和试验分析其对当前流行的O型3个拓扑型FMDV的交叉反应性。【结果】成功拯救到含O型3个拓扑型FMDV结构蛋白基因的重组病毒,重组病毒与亲本病毒具有相似的生物学特性。亲本病毒和重组病毒制备的疫苗免疫猪,均能够对中东-南亚型(Middle East-South Asia, ME-SA)拓扑型和东南亚型(South-East Asia, SEA)拓扑型病毒株产生保护性平均中和抗体(>1.65log₁₀);均不能对古典中国型(Cathay)拓扑型流行株产生保护性平均中和抗体(<1.65log₁₀),但与亲本病毒相比,O/TUR/5/2009疫苗株G-H环基因的替换显著提高了对ME-SA和SEA拓扑型病毒株的交叉反应性(p<0.05)。【结论】本研究对未来FMD疫苗的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

丙氨酸消旋酶C-端结构域重组体的构建及其功能初探

[目的]将嗜碱芽孢杆菌丙氨酸消旋酶OF4DadX的N-端结构域分别与多个不同种属的丙氨酸消旋酶C-端结构域重组,探究丙氨酸消旋酶C-端结构域功能.[方法]利用基因拼接构建丙氨酸消旋酶重组基因,通过镍亲和层析纯化酶蛋白,采用D-氨基酸氧化酶偶联法检测重组酶蛋白的酶学特性,借助分子筛和HPLC液相色谱分析其聚合状态及动力学...     

Optimization of fusion proinsulin production by high cell-density fermentation of recombinantE. coli

The optimum conditions for mass production of fusion proinsulin were studied in recombinantEscherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) [pT7-PI] using fed-batch culture employing pH-stat method. Yeast extract was found to enhance both the growth rate of recombinantE. coli strain BL21 (DE3) [pT7-PI] and its cell mass yield. When the glucose concentration was 10 g/L in the initial medium, 10 g/L concentration of yeast extract was found to be optimal to control the acetate production and to augment both the cell mass yield and the growth rate. Optimum ratio of glucose to yeast extract to minimize the cost of the feeding medium in the fed-batch culture was calculated to be 1.225 and verified by the subsequent experiments. The appropriate inducer concentration and induction time were examined with isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Irrespective of the induction time, IPTG induction resulted in the reduction of growth rate, but the expression level of the fusion protein was maintained at the level of about 20% of the total proteins. Since the volumetric productivity was well maintained in the range between 0.15 and 0.18 g/L.hr at the inducer concentration of above 0.025 mM, the appropriate inducer concentration, in relation to the inducer cost, is considered to be about 0.025 mM.     

Development of Escherichia coli MG1655 strains to produce long chain fatty acids by engineering fatty acid synthesis (FAS) metabolism

The goal of this research was to develop recombinant Escherichia coli to improve fatty acid synthesis (FAS). Genes encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (accA, accB, accC), malonyl-CoA-[acyl-carrier-protein] transacylase (fabD), and acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (EC 3.1.2.14 gene), which are all enzymes that catalyze key steps in the synthesis of fatty acids, were cloned and over-expressed in E. coli MG1655. The acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzyme catalyzes the addition of CO₂ to acetyl-CoA to generate malonyl-CoA. The enzyme encoded by the fabD gene converts malonyl-CoA to malonyl-[acp], and the EC 3.1.2.14 gene converts fatty acyl-ACP chains to long chain fatty acids. All the genes except for the EC 3.1.2.14 gene were homologous to E. coli genes and were used to improve the enzymatic activities to over-express components of the FAS pathway through metabolic engineering. All recombinant E. coli MG1655 strains containing various gene combinations were developed using the pTrc99A expression vector. To observe changes in metabolism, the in vitro metabolites and fatty acids produced by the recombinants were analyzed. The fatty acids (C16) from recombinant strains were produced 1.23-2.41 times higher than that from the wild type.     

Cloning, expression, and purification of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in Pichia pastoris

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A₂ (Lp-PLA₂) has been shown to play a crucial role in atherosclerosis, and has been proposed as a promising target for drug discovery. Here, we cloned the Lp-PLA ₂ gene from differentiated THP-1 cells, and inserted a carboxy-terminal His₆-tagged version of the gene into the pPIC9 Pichia expression vector. The Lp-PLA₂ fusion protein was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris expression system and could be rapidly purified to apparent homogeneity using a single-step purification method. The activity of our recombinant Lp-PLA₂ was strong when [³H] PAF was used as a substrate, and the Lp-PLA₂ inhibitor SB435495 exhibited an inhibitory curve against the recombinant Lp-PLA₂ (IC₅₀=15.93±1 μM). This novel recombinant Lp-PLA₂ could prove useful as a screening model for Lp-PLA₂ inhibitors, and may facilitate further investigation of this protein in atherosclerosis.