西藏灵菇奶对抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠肠道菌群的调整作用

目的研究用西藏灵菇对抗生素引起的肠道菌群失调及病理变化的调整作用.方法由林可霉素造成小鼠腹泻模型,并证实肠道菌群紊乱后,将其分成灵菇奶治疗组和自然恢复组,7 d后对每个组小鼠进行肠道菌群检测,同时取回肠末段组织标本用光镜及电镜观察黏膜结构的变化.结果抗生素模型组大多数小鼠肠道黏膜出现不同程度的损害,小鼠肠道的正常菌群及病理组织改变基本恢复正常.结论灵菇奶不仅对肠道菌群有调整作用,而且对肠黏膜的修复有一定作用.     

The effect of fermented-milk bifidumbacterin on the intestinal microflora of test pilots]

Bacteriological study of intestinal microflora in test pilots, regularly exposed to excessive physical, as well as nervous and emotional strain, has revealed changes in the composition of their intestinal microflora. Correction of microflora by means of bifidumbacterin, a curative lactic fermentation alimentary product, was carried out. Rapid and effective restoration of intestinal microflora and improvement of the general state of patients were noted, which made it possible to recommend this product as a prophylactic remedy for subjects at risk of development of dysbiotic disturbances.     

Qualitative composition of the normal intestinal microflora in individuals from the various age groups

The study of the microflora of the large intestine in healthy adult volunteers of different age groups (25-36, 55-68 and 88-94 years old), living in Switzerland, has been carried out. As revealed by the analysis of the result obtained in this study, normal intestinal microflora in adults has different qualitative and quantitative characteristics at different periods of their life. The greatest diversity of intestinal microflora is observed at a mature age (55-68 years old), while the poorest microflora is observed in people more advanced in age. The amount of microorganisms inhabiting the intestine reaches its maximum in people of mature age and is low in elderly people. Changes in normal intestinal microflora are probaly linked with morpho-functional transformations in the host body at different periods of life. It is expedient to work out the criteria of norm for the microflora of different age groups with a view to use these criteria for the evaluation of the microbial status of the intestine in persons of different age.     

Effect of the lavage of the digestive tract on microflora in patients with polyps in the large intestine

The microbial status of the intestine and the influence of lavage with polyethylene glycol and balanced electrolyte solution (PEG + E), used in the process of the preparation of patients to polypectomy, on this status were evaluated. The study of microflora was made before oral lavage after, and 48-72 hours later its completion. For control, a group of healthy volunteers, also subjected to oral lavage with PEG + E, was used. The lavage of the digestive tract with PEG + E led to a sharp change in the microbial status in both groups. Some microorganisms, previously absent in the intestine, were found after lavage. The processes of the restoration of intestinal microflora after lavage in healthy volunteers and in patients with polyps had certain differences. In healthy volunteers intestinal microflora was completely restored, and even improved, 48-72 hours after lavage with PEG + E, while at the expiration of this time intestinal microflora in the patients with polyps could be characterized as dysbiotic.     

The effect of enterococci on normalizing the intestinal microflora in experimental dysbacteriosis

The normal microflora of the intestine produces essential influence on the vital activity of the host. The exposure of the body to the action of different unfavorable factors (roentgen radiation, the administration of antibiotics, Salmonella infection, etc) results in changes in the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. This work was aimed at the study of the influence of Streptococcus faecium YDC-48 on the intestinal microflora of mice in experimental (chemotherapeutic, postirradiation) dysbacteriosis and Salmonella infection. The effect of the oral administration of S. faecium YDC-48 on the correction of the intestinal microflora of mice in cases of dysbacteriosis etiology was studied. The intragastric administration of S. faecium YDC-48 was found to induce an increase in the level of lactobacterin and a decrease in the number of opportunistic microorganisms in chemotherapeutic and postirradiation dysbacteriosis. The oral administration of S. faecium YDC-48 decreased the manifestations of intestinal dysbacteriosis in experimental Salmonella infection. The possibility of developing a preparation on the basis of S. faecium YDC-48, a representative of normal intestinal microflora, is discussed.     

Diversity of probiotic adhesion genes in the gastrointestinal tract of goats

Gastrointestinal (GI) microflora is an important system in the host, as it has both pathogenic and probiotic bacteria. Most of the studies were focused on the human gut microflora and the available information on the intestinal microflora of goats was limited. This urged the need to inspect the impacts of the goat's gut microflora. Metagenomic investigation of probiotic bacteria in the GI tract of goat is one of the challenging streams because of the less available data of the uncultivable bacteria. In our report, comparative analysis of metagenomic and enrichment samples of goat intestinal content was done and this approach will be helpful in analyzing the identification of uncultivable and cultivable probiotic bacteria. This study mainly focused on three key probiotic adhesion genes, such as EF-Tu, mapA, and mub. The GI of four different goats were investigated for these genes. The data from this study showed that there is a wide diversity of these genes among goat intestinal samples.     

Extract of Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2 induces JNK/p38 MAPK pathway-mediated apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress in Caco2 colorectal cancer cells

Colorectal cancer is a multi-factorial disease involving genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. In recent years, many changes in the bacterial composition of the intestinal microflora have been reported in colorectal cancer, suggesting the involvement of the intestinal microflora in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Along with these reports, research on lactic acid bacteria that have a beneficial effect on the human body for the purpose of improving the intestinal environment and treating intestinal diseases has advanced. Among these studies, biogenics (defined as a component derived from lactic acid bacteria that acts directly on diseases regardless of the state of intestinal microflora) is a recent concept derived from the work on probiotics. Based on this concept, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of various components derived from lactic acid bacteria in the treatment to diseases from and apply them in prevention and treatment. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of an extract obtained from Lactobacillus plantarum strain 06CC2 on colorectal cancer cells. In in vitro experiments, the extract derived from Lactobacillus plantarum 06CC2 significantly suppressed the proliferation of Caco2 colorectal cancer cells in comparison to control and non-cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that endoplasmic reticulum stress and the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling system are involved in the induction of apoptosis. These findings indicate the direct antitumor effect of the Lactobacillus plantarum 06CC2 extract on Caco2 colorectal cancer cells, and that this extract may have potential application as a biogenics.     

氢气与肠道菌群的关系研究进展

目前,氢气已被证实在多种疾病中具有显著的医学效应,然而其发挥效应的分子机制并不清楚。肠道菌群被人们看作人体的一个重要“器官”,与人类健康的关系密不可分。研究表明,人类肠道菌群中存在着大量能够进行氢气代谢的菌群,这些菌群的变化可能与多种疾病的发生发展密切相关。此外,研究还发现外源氢气干预可能通过重塑肠道菌群改善炎症性肠病、脂肪性肝病等。综述了肠道菌群的氢气代谢及其与疾病发生发展的关系以及外源氢气干预通过调节肠道菌群影响疾病进展的相关研究,希望能为致力于从肠道菌群角度研究氢气医学效应的科研工作者提供帮助。     

The vaginal Bifidobacterium flora in women of reproductive age

The composition of vaginal bifidoflora in 56 clinically healthy women of reproductive age was studied. The study revealed that four species of bifidobacteria, viz. Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. breve, B. adolescentis 2 and B. longum, dominated in the composition of this bifidobacterial population. Nine out of 11 isolated strains were found to be capable of inhibiting indicator microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis when tested in vitro; in addition, strains B. adolescentis 2 F1, B. bifidum G1, B. breve P2 and B. longum Z4 inhibited Klebsiella ozaenae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and were also active acid producers. Three of these 4 bifidobacterial strains were capable of adhesion to vaginal epitheliocytes, while B. bifidum G1 was practically incapable of adherence to these cells, similarly to B. bifidum strain 791 of intestinal origin. In addition, the spectra of antibiotic susceptibility varied from strain to strain, but all bifidobacterial strains were susceptible to benzylpenicillin and resistant to lomefloxacin, most of them being also resistant to cyprofloxacin and gentamicin. Thus the data presented in this work are indicative of the possibility and advantages of using bifidobacterial strains belonging to this ecological niche as probiotics for the correction of the microflora of the urogenital tract in females.     

Sensitivity of the intestinal microflora of patients to antimicrobial preparations studied in order to conduct rational antibiotic treatment

The oral administration of amikacin, ampiox, nystatin to CBA mice and the external treatment of the animals with 1% chlorhexidine solution makes it possible to create the germ-free state in the animals which must be then kept in a sterile box. If such animals receive the decantate of the patient's feces, introduced in a single administration, the microflora, which is subsequently formed in the intestine of the recipient animals, is identical to the donor's microflora. This permits the rapid and accurate determination of the sensitivity of the patient's intestinal microflora to different antimicrobial preparations and their combinations. The antibacterial preparations, effectively suppressing the patient's intestinal anaerobic opportunistic microflora in the intestine of the recipient mice, produce, if subsequently prescribed for treatment, a pronounced corrective effect on such microflora in the patient's intestine.     

Use of a semicontinuous culture system as a model for determining the role of human intestinal microflora in the metabolism of xenobiotics

The use of semicontinuous culture system for determining the role of the human intestinal microflora int he biotransformation of xenobiotics is discussed. This model system, which stimulates the lumen of the large intestine, has been used to investigate human intestinal microflora metabolism of compounds representative of three different classes of chemicals; a benzidine-based azo dye, Direct Black 38, a nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 1-nitropyrene and a substituted pyrimidine, 5-fluorocytosine. Metabolites of each of the test compounds were identified, and the kinetics of production and biological activity of the metabolites determined. Metabolic adaptation was observed with 1-nitropyrene and 5-fluorocytosine incubations. This microbial culture system could be quite useful, especially in concert with other in vitro models and animal studies, for determining the pharmacological and toxicological role of the human intestinal microflora in the transformation of xenobiotics. Particular emphasis on the application of this method for toxicological studies in elucidating the role of the intestinal microflora in the etiology of cancer is described.     

复方树舌液对肠道微生态失调小鼠的调节作用

目的应用复方树舌液作为微生态调节剂对肠道微生态失调小鼠进行调节。方法用盐酸林可霉素造成菌群失调模型,用复方树舌液进行治疗,在治疗期间分别检测各组小鼠的肠道优势菌群、乙酸、内毒素含量及肝脏肠杆菌易位。结果小鼠肠道菌群失调得到恢复、小鼠肠道内乙酸含量增加、内毒素含量下降、易位至肝脏的肠杆菌数量减少,与自然恢复组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,树舌组优于丽珠肠乐组。结论复方树舌液作为益生元对小鼠肠道菌群失调具有调节作用。     

金银花水提物对肠道微生态失调大鼠的调整作用

目的研究金银花水提取物作为微生态调节剂对肠道微生态失调大鼠肠道菌群的调整作用。方法结扎大鼠胆总管造成肠道菌群失调模型后分别以金银花、丽珠肠乐、金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂、生理盐水灌胃,于灌胃4d后测定各组大鼠肠道菌群组分、乙酸含量及肝脏中肠杆菌易位情况。结果大鼠肠道菌群失调得到恢复,肠道内乙酸含量增加,易位至肝脏的肠杆菌数量减少,与自然恢复组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂组效果最佳。结论金银花水提物作为益生元对大鼠肠道菌群失调具有调整作用。     

Evaluation of the cytoprotective effects of bovine lactoferrin against intestinal toxins using cellular model systems

This study investigated the effects of bovine lactoferrin (BLf) on the growth of different groups of bacteria in vitro. BLf showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of selected pathogens but not probiotics. BLf, in combination with probiotics, has the potential to influence the composition of the gut microflora via inhibition of intestinal pathogens with no significant effect on probiotic bacteria.     

几种常用中药对地鼠肠道正常菌群的影响

我们选择了几种药性不同的中药,使用各种选择性培养基,对给药组和正常动物组的地鼠肠菌群进行了研究,结果表明,黄芪组与正常动物组比较需氧菌的量有所增加,统计学差异显著(P<0.001)。而其他几味苦寒药(大黄、黄芩、白芍等)对需氧菌的作用不明显。在各类厌氧菌的分离结果中,各给中药组与正常组比较均有明显差异。给药组之间比较,药性相同的组之间没有显著变化,药性不同的组之间变化显著。通过实验我们发现中药对正常地鼠的肠道菌群是有明显影响的,与正常动物组相比及不同药性组间相比各类菌的增长或减少都具有统计学意义。     

Dietary influence of kefir on microbial activities in the mouse bowel

AIMS: In this work the microflora present in kefir, a fermented milk product, was studied together with the effect of kefir administration on different groups of indigenous bacteria of mouse bowel. METHODS AND RESULTS: Kefir microflora was composed of lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. Yeast population was composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. unisporus, Candida kefir, Kluyveromyces marxianus and K. lactis. The streptococci levels in kefir treated mice increased by 10-fold and the levels of sulfite-reducing clostridia decreased by 100-fold. The number of lactic acid bacteria increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of kefir significantly increased the lactic acid bacteria counts in the mucosa of the bowel. Ingestion of kefir specifically lowered microbial populations of Enterobacteriaceae and clostridia. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first long-term study about the effects of the kefir administration on the intestinal microflora of mice.     

The effect of new antimicrobial preparations used in combination with complete gnotobiotic isolation on the survivability and intestinal microflora of total-body irradiated mice

The aim of these investigations was the study of the effect of different antimicrobial preparations on the survival rate and intestinal microflora of mice with experimental acute radiation sickness. These investigations revealed that the survival rate of the animals increased 3.1 times with the use of Supramycin, 2.4 times with the use of Tacef and 1.6 times with the use of Spizef and Pen-bristol. The study of the influence of these preparations on the intestinal microflora revealed that Spizef not only decreased the number of opportunistic microorganisms, but also led to a sharp drop in the level of lactobacteria. The use of Pen-bristol and Tacef led to practically complete elimination of enterobacteria enterococci, staphylococci, as well as lactobacteria. Supramycin essentially suppressed the number of opportunistic microorganisms and did not affect the level of lactobacteria. This was probably the cause of the highest effectiveness of Supramycin in comparison with Tacef, Spizef and Pen-bristol.     

以供能比评价主食产品中马铃薯原料添加程度的指标构建研究

通过初步构建马铃薯供能比评价指标,比较以马铃薯供能比评价不同马铃薯原料添加程度的适用性,分析发现,马铃薯供能比与马铃薯质量占比之间差异最大可超过35%,二者间回归系数为0.958 4~0.999 9。以马铃薯供能比作为评价指标可较好地反映不同马铃薯原料对马铃薯主食产品的能量贡献程度,而不受其原料形态的影响。建议在马铃薯主食产品的生产、加工和市场监管等马铃薯主食产业各环节中,引入马铃薯供能比评价指标,用以对马铃薯主食产品中马铃薯原料添加程度的评价参考。     

肠道菌群对糖脂代谢影响的研究进展

目前越来越多的研究成果表明被誉为人类"第二基因组"的肠道菌群能够影响糖脂代谢,进而调节相应疾病。本文就肠道菌群的分布、种类、影响因素进行大体介绍,主要对肠道菌群与糖脂代谢疾病联系和肠道菌群调节糖脂代谢过程中可能存在的作用机理进行综述,希望能够对糖脂代谢疾病的临床诊治带来裨益,为在此领域上的研究者提供参考价值。     

Bifidogenic factors as drug preparations

The review of new data on the study of bifidobacterial factors of different origin and the probable mechanisms of their favorable action on the microflora of the intestinal tract if presented. The main emphasis is made on the analysis of data on the use of oligosaccharides, including fructo-oligosaccharides, as compounds stimulating the growth and development of bifidobacteria both in pure cultures and in intestinal microflora. Methods for the treatment of natural compounds with a view to enhancing their bifidogenic effect are presented. The possibilities and/or advantages of using bifidogenic factors in vivo and in vitro as medicinal preparations either alone or incorporated in probiotic compositions are evaluated. Suggestion has been made that the choice of the method for using bifidogenic factors may depend on the kind and severity of disturbances in indigenous microflora.