大肠杆菌腺苷脱氨酶基因的克隆、表达与缺失

利用途径工程的基本原理,拟在大肠杆菌核苷酸代谢途径中构建腺苷（AR）转化为腺苷三磷酸（ATP）的新途径,故需使细胞内的腺苷脱氨酶基因（add）缺失。通过构建大肠杆菌MC4100　DNA的基因文库,筛选得到含腺苷脱氨酶基因的DNA片段。构建表达质粒pBD1和pBD2并实现了表达。在此基础上构建了add基因缺失的带卡那霉素抗性基因的线性52kb DNA分子,同时转化JM83、MC4100、BL21（DE3）。经遗传稳定性实验和DNA分子杂交鉴定,确认得到了来自JM83的两株add基因缺陷株J1和J2。再对菌株J1、pUC18／JM83、pBD1／JM83的细胞粗提液做腺苷脱氨酶的酶活鉴定比较,结果表明则没有腺苷脱氨酶活性,pBD1／JM83有比pUC18／JM83强的腺苷脱氨酶活性。     

利用腺苷脱氨酶催化formycin A高效合成formycin B

Nocardia interforma ATCC 21072和Streptomyces kaniharaensis ATCC 21070是formycin A(FOR-A)的产生菌株,ADA3则为来自Streptomyces antibioticus NRRL 3238中的腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA),具有广泛的底物特异性。本研究以ADA3为探针,通过生物信息学找出N.interforma和S.kaniharaensis基因组中同源蛋白NiADA(N.interforma中的ADA)和SkADA(S.kaniharaensis中的ADA)。将SkADA密码子优化后,成功实现了二者在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达,进一步的酶促反应分析显示,二者对腺苷与FOR-A具有显著的脱氨活性(催化腺苷和FOR-A分别形成肌苷和FOR-B),相关酶学研究为今后的酶促反应制备肌苷类似物奠定了理论基础与实践依据。     

脑脊液腺苷脱氨酶和干扰素-γ水平在结核性脑膜炎中的诊断价值

目的:探讨脑脊液腺苷脱氨酶和干扰素-γ水平在结核性脑膜炎中的诊断价值。方法:选取2012年6月-2014年6月期间于我院进行治疗的结核性脑膜炎患者50例作为研究组,同期健康体检者50例作为对照组1,50例非结核性脑膜炎者作为对照组2。检测脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶和干扰素-γ水平,并进行比较。结果:研究组患者脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶和干扰素-γ水平分别为(22.45±4.23)U/L和(36.45±13.56)ng/L;对照组1患者脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶和干扰素-γ水平分别为(16.32±3.24)U/L和(12.78±2.67)ng/L,对照组2患者脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶和干扰素-γ水平分别为(7.48±4.01)U/L和(13.25±2.89)ng/L,三组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中研究组患者脑脊液中腺苷脱氨酶和干扰素-γ水平显著高于对照组1和对照组2,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:脑脊液腺苷脱氨酶和干扰素-γ在结核性脑膜炎患者中具有诊断价值,值得推广应用。     

S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶在大肠杆菌中的克隆与表达

目的:克隆与表达大肠杆菌S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的基因。方法:应用PCR技术从E.coliBL21(DE3)的总DNA中扩增出1.1kb的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因,将其连接到PGEMT载体上,测序证明正确后再将目的基因插入大肠杆菌高表达载体PET28a中,含有目的基因的重组质粒在大肠杆菌中进行表达与分析。结果:SAM合成酶在E.coliBL21(DE3)中的表达量达到23.6%,酶活达到4.17μmol/h.ml。结论:大肠杆菌表达出了具有生物活性的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶。     

储存条件对表达马铃薯甲虫腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶基因dsRNA的大肠杆菌生物活性的影响

【目的】将RNA干扰应用于害虫防治领域,通过饲喂表达ds RNA的转基因植物或表达ds RNA的细菌,可沉默特定基因进而控制害虫,为农业害虫防治开辟一个新领域。而表达ds RNA的细菌能否有效储存是决定此项技术实际应用的关键。【方法】用﹣20℃冻存的表达马铃薯甲虫腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶(SAHase)ds RNA的大肠杆菌E.coli,饲喂马铃薯甲虫Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say)2龄幼虫,检测不同时间储存、灭活与否的活性变化,明确其储存条件。【结果】大肠杆菌﹣20℃储存24 h后生物活性优于新鲜菌,储存48 h后效果减弱,而载体大肠杆菌是否灭活对活性影响不大。【结论】ds RNA大肠杆菌发酵液在﹣20℃条件下可以短暂储存。     

61例肺结核影像学表现及血清腺苷脱氨酶检测

目的:分析近期肺结核的临床表现、影像学特点,探讨肺结核各期与血清腺苷脱氨酶的关系.方法:回顾性分析61例肺结核患者的临床表现、胸部x线及CT扫描特点;将所有病例按活动性及转归分为进展期、好转期、稳定期,另随机抽取20例正常志愿者做对照组,分析比较各组血清腺苷脱氨酶水平.结果:61患者均符合肺结核的临床表现和(或)影像学等特点,进展期24例.好转期16例,稳定期21例,血清腺苷脱氨酶水平检测结果显示进展期和好转期患者血清腺苷脱氨酶水平较稳定期及对照组高(P<0.01),且进展期血清腺苷脱氨酶水平高于好转期((P<0.05),稳定期与对照组比较,血清腺苷脱氨酶水平统计无显著差异(P>0.05).结论:影像学检查是肺结核诊断的基本手段;血清腺苷脱氨酶检测可考虑作为肺结核的辅助诊断之一.     

基于CRISPR/Cas系统的单碱基编辑技术研究进展*

基于CRISPR/Cas系统出现的单碱基编辑技术可以实现高效且简便的单个碱基的替换编辑,其原理是将胞嘧啶脱氨酶(cytosine deaminase)或腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase)与Cas9n(D10A)形成融合蛋白,通过CRISPR/Cas精准识别和定位DNA上的靶位点后,利用胞嘧啶脱氨酶或腺苷脱氨酶将靶点距离sgRNA位点基序(protospacer adjacent motif,PAM)序列端的4~7位的单个碱基发生单碱基转换或颠换。对基于CRISPR/Cas系统的单碱基编辑技术发现的历史、组成和分类、工作原理进行了概述,并总结了该系统最新进展及应用。     

类弹性蛋白标签在大肠杆菌周质空间中表达研究

旨在研究类弹性蛋白[I]_(40)(elastin-like polypeptide[I]_(40),ELP[I]_(40))在大肠杆菌周质空间的表达。构建表达载体pIG6LH/ELP[I]_(40)及pIG6LH/ELP[I]_(40)+Trx,分别将构建的表达载体转化入表达宿主菌E.coli BLR(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,采用可逆相变循环(Inverse transition cycling,ITC)技术纯化蛋白。测定ELP[I]_(40)及ELP[I]_(40)+Trx蛋白相变温度(T_t),检测ELP[I]_(40)、ELP[I]_(40)+Trx蛋白浓度及NaCl对相变温度的影响。结果显示,经3轮ITC纯化得到了ELP[I]_(40)、ELP[I]_(40)+Trx蛋白。分别测定ELP[I]_(40)和ELP[I]_(40)+Trx在10、25、50、75和100μmol/L浓度下的T_t,其T_t依次为31.5℃、29℃、27℃、26℃、25℃和31.8℃、29.5℃、27.5℃、26℃、25.5℃;测定了不同浓度的NaCl对T_t影响,在ELP[I]_(40)和ELP[I]_(40)+Trx终浓度为25μmol/L,NaCl浓度为0.25、0.5、0.75、1.00和1.25 mol/L时,分别使ELP[I]_(40)的T_t由29℃降至24.5℃、22℃、19℃、15℃和11.5℃,使ELP[I]_(40)+Trx的T_t由29.5℃降至25℃、23℃、20.2℃、15.5℃和11.8℃。在大肠杆菌周质空间表达的ELP[I]_(40)与胞内表达的具有相同的理化性质,ELP可作为在大肠杆菌周质空间表达的蛋白质分离纯化标签。     

基于CRISPR/Cas系统的单碱基编辑技术研究进展*

基于CRISPR/Cas系统出现的单碱基编辑技术可以实现高效且简便的单个碱基的替换编辑,其原理是将胞嘧啶脱氨酶(cytosine deaminase)或腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase)与Cas9n(D10A)形成融合蛋白,通过CRISPR/Cas精准识别和定位DNA上的靶位点后,利用胞嘧啶脱氨酶或腺苷脱氨酶将靶点距离sgRNA位点基序(protospacer adjacent motif,PAM)序列端的4~7位的单个碱基发生单碱基转换或颠换。对基于CRISPR/Cas系统的单碱基编辑技术发现的历史、组成和分类、工作原理进行了概述,并总结了该系统最新进展及应用。     

腺苷脱氨酶抑制巨噬细胞增殖迁移的作用研究

目的:探讨腺苷脱氨酶对鼠源巨噬细胞RAW264.7增殖、迁移、细胞周期、细胞凋亡的影响.方法:用不同浓度(0、0.25、1.25、2.5、5U/mL)的腺苷脱氨酶处理RAW264.7细胞后,用实时细胞分析系统检测细胞增殖能力,用流式细胞术检测腺苷脱氨酶对细胞凋亡和周期的影响,划痕修复实验检测RAW264.7细胞迁移能力...     

Adenine Deaminase Activity of the yicP Gene Product of Escherichia coli

During previous work on deriving inosine-producing mutants of Escherichia coli, we observed that an excess of adenine added to the culture medium was quickly converted to hypoxanthine. This phenomenon was still apparent after disruption of the known adenosine deaminase gene (add) on the E. coli chromosome, suggesting that, like Bacillus subtilis, E. coli has an adenine deaminase. As the yicP gene of E. coli shares about 35% identity with the B. subtilis adenine deaminase gene (ade), we cloned yicP from the E. coli genome and developed a strain that overexpressed its product. The enzyme was purified from a cell extract of E. coli harboring a plasmid containing the cloned yicP gene, and had significant adenine deaminase [EC 3.5.4.2] activity. It was deduced to be a homodimer, each subunit having a molecular mass of 60 kDa. The enzyme required manganese ions as a cofactor, and adenine was its only substrate. Its optimum pH was 6.5-7.0 and its optimum temperature was 60°C. The apparent K_m for adenine was 0.8 mM.     

Adenine deaminase activity of the yicP gene product of Escherichia coli.

During previous work on deriving inosine-producing mutants of Escherichia coli, we observed that an excess of adenine added to the culture medium was quickly converted to hypoxanthine. This phenomenon was still apparent after disruption of the known adenosine deaminase gene (add) on the E. coli chromosome, suggesting that, like Bacillus subtilis, E. coli has an adenine deaminase. As the yicP gene of E. coli shares about 35% identity with the B. subtilis adenine deaminase gene (ade), we cloned yicP from the E. coli genome and developed a strain that overexpressed its product. The enzyme was purified from a cell extract of E. coli harboring a plasmid containing the cloned yicP gene, and had significant adenine deaminase [EC 3.5.4.2] activity. It was deduced to be a homodimer, each subunit having a molecular mass of 60 kDa. The enzyme required manganese ions as a cofactor, and adenine was its only substrate. Its optimum pH was 6.5-7.0 and its optimum temperature was 60 degrees C. The apparent Km for adenine was 0.8 mM.     

人胃腺苷脱氨酶的分离纯化及性质研究

用硫酸铵分级沉淀、ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素离子交换层析、免疫亲和层析、ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１００凝胶柱层析从人胃组织中提取出腺苷脱氨酶,酶纯化１９３２４倍,比活力为５７９７Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白．提取酶液经ＰＡＧＥ、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和等电聚焦只呈现一条区带。测得该酶的分子量为４１．２ｋＤ,等电点为ｐＨ４．８．氨基酸组成分析表明该酶由３８８个氨基酸残基组成,Ｎ端氨基酸为精氨酸。酶的最适ｐＨ为６．５,ｐＨ小于５．０或大于９．０时不稳定;最适温度为３７℃,对热不太稳定,以腺苷及２－脱氧腺苷作为底物,其Ｋｍ分别为８７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和４１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

Adenosine deaminase from camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii: purification and characterization

Adenosine deaminase is involved in purine metabolism and is a key enzyme for the control of the cellular levels of adenosine. Adenosine deaminase activity showed significant changes during embryogenesis of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii. From the elution profile of chromatography on DEAE-sepharose, three forms of enzyme (ADAI, ADAII and ADAIII) were separated. ADAII was purified to homogeneity after chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. The molecular mass of adenosine deaminase ADAII was 42 kDa for the native enzyme and represented a monomer of 42 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme had a pH optimum at 7.5 and temperature optimum at 40°C with heat stability up to 40°C. ADAII had a K _m of 0.5 mM adenosine with higher affinity toward deoxyadenosine and adenosine than other purines. Ni²⁺, Ba²⁺, Zn²⁺, Li²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Mg²⁺ partially inhibited the ADAII. Mg²⁺ was the strongest inhibitor by 91% of the enzyme's activity.     

Identification of functional murine adenosine deaminase cDNA clones by complementation in Escherichia coli

Total poly(A+) RNA derived from a mouse cell line with amplified adenosine deaminase genes was used as template to synthesize double-stranded cDNA. The cDNAs were inserted into the PstI site of the beta-lactamase gene in plasmid pBR322 following G-C tailing. After transformation into adenosine deaminase-deficient Escherichia coli hosts, recombinant plasmids containing functional murine adenosine deaminase cDNAs were identified by selecting for functional complementation. Analysis of plasmids containing functional adenosine deaminase cDNA sequences strongly suggested that adenosine deaminase expression resulted mainly from beta-lactamase/adenosine deaminase fusion proteins even when the adenosine deaminase codons were out-of-frame with respect to the beta-lactamase gene codons upstream. The nucleotide sequence of a 1.65-kilobase pair cDNA insert in one of the functional recombinant clones was determined and found to contain a 1056-nucleotide open reading frame. When this 1056-nucleotide open reading frame was inserted into a mammalian expression vector and introduced into monkey kidney cells, a high level of authentic mouse adenosine deaminase was produced. Nucleic acid blot analysis using a full-length adenosine deaminase cDNA clone as probe revealed that the mouse adenosine deaminase structural gene was at least 21 kilobase pairs in size and encoded three polyadenylated mRNAs. Analysis of the cDNA library from which the functional clones were isolated suggested that this approach of cloning functional mammalian adenosine deaminase cDNA clones by genetic complementation of enzyme-deficient bacteria could be accomplished even if the abundance of the adenosine deaminase mRNA sequences were as low as approximately 0.001%.     

Human adenosine deaminase. Distribution and properties.

Adenosine deaminase exists in multiple molecular forms in human tissue. One form of the enzyme appears to be "particulate". Three forms of the enzyme are soluble and interconvertible with apparent molecular weights of approximately 36,000, 114,000, and 298,000 (designated small, intermediate, and large, respectively). The small form of adenosine deaminase is convertible to the large form only in the presence of a protein, which has an apparent molecular weight of 200,000 and has no adenosine deaminase activity. This conversion of the small form of the enzyme to the large form occurs at 4 degrees, exhibits a pH optimum of 5.0 to 8.0, and is associated with a loss of conversion activity. The small form of the enzyme predominates in tissue preparations exhibiting the higher enzyme-specific activities and no detectable conversion activity. The large form of adenosine deaminase predominates in tissue extracts exhibiting the lower enzyme specific activities and abundant conversion activity. The small form of adenosine deaminase shows several electrophoretic variants by isoelectric focusing. The electrophoretic heterogeneity observed with the large form of the enzyme is similar to that observed with the small form, with the exception that several additional electrophoretic variants are uniformly identified. No organ specificity is demonstrable for the different electrophoretic forms. The kinetic characteristics of the three soluble molecular species of adenosine deaminase are identical except for pH optimum, which is 5.5 for the intermediate species and 7.0 to 7.4 for the large and small forms.     

Amplification of adenosine deaminase gene sequences in deoxycoformycin-resistant rat hepatoma cells

Deoxycoformycin-resistant rat hepatoma cells exhibit up to a 2000-fold increase in adenosine deaminase activity compared to the sensitive parental cells. The increased enzyme activity in these cells is accompanied by similar increases in 1) the amount of adenosine deaminase protein, 2) the relative rate of adenosine deaminase synthesis in vivo, and 3) adenosine deaminase mRNA activity. To further investigate the mechanism(s) responsible for the overproduction of adenosine deaminase in these cells, we have isolated a recombinant plasmid containing a 1.4-kilobase insert complementary to at least part of the adenosine deaminase mRNA. Using this cDNA as a specific hybridization probe, all deoxycoformycin-resistant variants were shown to have increased amounts of adenosine deaminase mRNA and gene sequences. The relative increase in the level of mRNA and gene copy number was similar to the relative increase in enzyme activity for most resistant cell lines. However, the degree of adenosine deaminase gene amplification in one deoxycoformycin-resistant cell line (6-10-200) was 3-4-fold less than the relative increase in adenosine deaminase mRNA. These results indicate that the increased adenosine deaminase activity in deoxycoformycin-resistant rat hepatoma cells is due in large part, but not exclusively, to gene amplification.     

Induction of pyrimidine nucleoside metabolizing enzymes in E. coli B

Induction studies on pyrimidine metabolizing enzymes in E. coli B have shown that the enzymes fall into three distinct groups according to their induction pattern. a) Cytidine deaminase and uridine phosphorylase, are induced by cytidine, CMP and adenosine; no induction was observed with uridine and AMP; b) thymidine phosphorylase is induced by cytidine, adenosine, all deoxyribonucleosides, CMP, deoxyribonucleotides, deoxyribose and deoxyribose-1-phosphate; c) uridine-cytidine kinase, uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, 5'-nucleotidase, thymidine kinase, are uninducible enzymes. Simultaneous addition of cytidine and glucose partially overcomes the cytidine deaminase and uridine phosphorylase induction. Cytidine deaminase reaches its maximum activity levels, in E. coli growing cells in presence of cytidine, two hours before the uridine phosphorylase activity. Maximum glucose repression of cytidine deaminase and uridine phosphorylase was obtained in correspondence of maximum cytidine induction.     

硫酸乙酰肝素3-O硫酸基转移酶5的表达、纯化及酶学性质研究

经过PCR克隆得到硫酸乙酰肝素3-O硫酸基转移酶5(3-OST-5)的基因,将其与大肠杆菌表达载体pET-15b连接后,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,使用镍亲和层析柱纯化得到具有活性的3-OST-5。经测定纯化后的3-OST-5比活达到0.58 U/mg,是纯化前的5.27倍,回收率达80.4%。在此基础上,研究了该酶的酶学性质,酶反应的最适温度为35℃,稳定范围为20-40℃;最适pH为7.0,在pH7.0-9.0范围内稳定。在反应液中加入终浓度为1 mmol/L的K+、Ca2+、Ba2+对酶促反应有一定的促进作用。