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Although unisexual ostracods are common, their evolutionary history is now known only from inferences gained through examination of the fossil record. Here we use mtDNA, allozyme and genome size analyses to investigate the origins of unisexuality, polyploidy and clonal diversity in the freshwater ostracod Cyprinotus incongruens . Our genetic evidence suggests that transitions to polyploidy have been common in this taxon and may sometimes involve internal genome-fusion events, in contrast to the usual origin of animal polyploids through interspecific hybridization. Both the extent and congruent patterns of allozyme and mtDNA divergence amongst clones of C. incongruens are consistent with its persistence as an asexual taxon for approximately 5 million years. However, the detected patterns of genetic variation might also reflect the origins of this ostracod through a series of independent transitions to asexuality by several closely related ancestral taxa. The results make it clear that efforts to demonstrate the antiquity of asexual taxa, solely from surveys of the extent of genetic divergence among their component lineages, will ordinarily be ambiguous, requiring confirmation through investigations which search the genome for the genetic consequences of long abandoned recombination. 相似文献
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本文记述介形类Silenites属的3新种和1未定种,标本采自山西太原西山七里沟上石炭统太原组。关于Silenites属的系统分类位置,迄今还未确定,鉴于当前标本所显示的闭壳肌痕系由众多痕斑聚集成圆形;铰合构造在大瓣上为槽,小瓣上为脊,且光滑无齿;壳面光滑无饰;壳体侧视近三角形,高大于长之半;左壳大于右壳,周缘超覆等特征,笔者认为,Silenites属应归入Bairdiocyprididae科(Shaver,1961)。 相似文献
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对犬心丝虫病的一点认识 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2000年我们购家犬50只供实验用。饲养中部分犬出现食欲不佳、胃肠功能紊乱、精神烦躁、呼吸异常等临床症状,并伴有心电图异常,甚至死亡。经解剖观察,在右心室内发现有犬恶丝虫。我们重点观察了犬心丝虫病的症状,结合系统尸体解剖,获得一些体会,供同行参考。1 动物来源农村家犬50只,收购于四川省简阳市农村。这些犬为村民散养,伺养环境一般,外观健康,年龄1~3岁以上,体重7~13kg,雌雄各半。2 临床症状及解剖观察 相似文献
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Gerhard Becker 《Pal?ontologische Zeitschrift》1988,62(3-4):277-284
Ventral incisures, till now not really functionally interpreted, are described in three genera of the Family Pachydomellidae (Podocopida, Ostracoda). The functional meaning of these structures (respiration and locomotion when the carapace is closed, special behavior of reproduction or brood care, etc.) and resulting taxonomic conclusions are discussed in detail. All specimens were found in basinal faciès. 相似文献
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一、教学大纲的性质凯洛夫在教育学中指出:“教学大纲在有系统的形式中,包括着一切构成教学科目内容的问题和题目的纲要……并给教师指出教材底学习顺序和教学进度计划。”凯洛夫又继续指出:“无论是学校干部或地方教育机关指导人员,尤其是个别的教师,对于教学大纲不能住意予以变更。教学大纲是学校必须履行的。”因此,教学大纲是教师的基本指导文件。而中学生物教学大纲则是中学生物教师的基本指导文件。 相似文献
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关于肾小球滤过作用的一点认识现行的《生理卫生》教材中将尿形成过程中的滤过作用描述为“尿的形成,先要通过肾小球对血液的滤过作用”。我认为应该是“肾小体的滤过作用”。肾的主要机能是泌尿。其功能的基本单位称肾单位。肾单位由肾小体和肾小管构成,肾小体包括肾小... 相似文献
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During monthly sampling from Lake Alada (Bolu, Turkey) between April 2003 and June 2004, nine ostracod taxa (Candona candida, Cypridopsis vidua, Darwinula stevensoni, Eucypris virens, Eucypris sp., Heterocypris sp., Limnocythere inopinata, Physocypria kraepelini, and Tonnacypris lutaria) were recorded from seven stations. Physocypria kraepelini was commonly found in the lake while the others were recorded in particular months. UPGMA analyses clustered three groups based on their occurrence. Accordingly, the occurrence of species (C. candida, E. virens, and T. lutaria) was positive and significantly related to each other. Two species, P. kraepelini and D. stevensoni, showed a significant positive relationship with electrical conductivity. A significant negative correlation was found between the occurrence of P. kraepelini and dissolved oxygen, while there was a significant positive correlation between the occurrence of P. kraepelini and turbidity. About 76% of the relationship between species and environmental factors was explained by the first two axes of canonical correspondence analyses (CCA). Temperature and dissolved oxygen were the two most important influences on the species assemblages. All species showed different but high optima and tolerance ranges, corresponding with their cosmopolitan characteristics. These responses may be related to unstable ecological characteristics of Lake Alada, which is often subjected to human activity. 相似文献
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高中生物课本(甲、乙两种)在脂类代谢的课文中,谈到“……这些吸收进来的脂类可以发生以下四种变化,……三是再分解成甘油和脂肪酸等,然后直接氧化分解成二氧化碳和水,或者转变为肝糖原。”我在教学实践中发现,这样的提法容易造成误解。因为这段叙述,给人的印象是脂肪在人体内能够转变成糖类,并由此而引起一系列的片面认识。所以有必要加以澄清。 相似文献
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Ekkehard Herrig 《Pal?ontologische Zeitschrift》1994,68(3-4):351-359
Six species of Upper Cretaceous ostracods of the genusPolycope Sars are described, three of which are new. The well preserved shells come from siliceous chalk nodules — erratics of Campanian to Maastrichtian age — and from a boulder of Upper Turonian chalk embedded in a Pleistocene till at Nossentin near Malchow/NE Germany. Their origin is the Danish Polish Trough in the middle and southern Baltic Sea. Due to the large variability of morphological details a wide definition of the genusPolycope as given here is preferred. 相似文献
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(续 2 0 0 2年第 7期第 5 6页 ) 《菌谱》,作者陈仁玉于淳礻右 5年 (公元 12 4 5年 )撰写 ,书中记载了作者家乡台州仙居 (今属浙江会稽 )所产食用蕈 11种 ,对每种蕈的生时 ,采时及形态 ,色味等都作了详细说明 ,便于实用。台州食用蕈在当时号称上等美味。关于专谱就介绍到此 ,以下再简要介绍与植物有关的其它方面书籍。宋代统治者很重视本草类书籍的修订。早在宋太祖开宝 6~ 7年 (公元 972~ 973年 )由刘翰 ,马志等奉修成《开宝本草》是第一部 ,共 2 1卷 ,载药物共 983种。继以《嘉佑本草》于仁宗嘉礻右 2年 (公元 10 5 7年 )由掌禹锡 … 相似文献
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(续2002年第8期第56页) 3)《群芳谱》——是17世纪初期(明代晚期)有关经济植物的一部重要著作。明代王象晋纂辑,成书于明熹宗天启元年(公元16~12年),写书目的是为了人们的生活。他不时阅读,抄录农经,花史,以及其他有关种艺和植物的书籍,并加入自己10多年种植花,果,蔬等各种园艺植物的经验心得写成本书。全书28卷,约40万字(不同版本或为30卷),分为元,亨,利,贞4部,以下又分十二谱,其中除三谱外有九谱皆为植物,名称是谷,蔬,果,茶竹,桑麻葛苎,药,木,花卉,其他三谱为天,岁, 相似文献
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人是由新石器时代开始,便已启蒙,逐步认识植物本性的,并系统地积累起来而建成一门自然科学,我国自西周到春秋战国对植物就已有不少的记述,到战国时并将动物、植物区分为二类。在相近的时期,国外情况也大体近似,古代人民对植物学的奠基工作主要是在农、药等实用方面,本科及种植的著作。我国在宋以后花卉种植有园艺较为发达,到明朝(公元14世纪后期)我国传统的植物研究进入高峰期。在欧洲植物学发展经过了黑暗时期以后,到18世纪中叶,欧洲近代植物学的基础已逐渐建立,并由林奈担承了历史时代的使命,而后经过19-20世纪的逐步发展才得以有现在的面貌。 相似文献