佛坪:托起大熊猫未来的希望

我国南方和北方的分界线．是秦岭;我国亚热带和暖温带的气候分界线,是秦岭．我国长江和黄河两大水系的主要分水岭,也是秦岭;我国古北界和东洋界两大动物区系的主要分界线,还是秦岭……     

佛坪自然保护区野生大熊猫交配行为的观察

On March 26 and 27, 2003, we observed six and five giant pandas assembled together respectively in Huodiba and Lijiagou districts of Sanguanmiao, Foping Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, China. The mating sites were located in the coniferous forest and mixed coniferous and deciduous forest, with steep slope and sparse shrubs and bamboos. Wind power was estimated over 3rd category in those two days. The competition and lighting among male pandas were observed, and the mating right with the female panda was mainly based on the hierarchical ordering. However, not all the winners during competition can be access to mating with the female panda. For wild giant panda, its mating system is maybe plastic, which perhaps is affected by environment, time and panda population itself. Cubs or sub-adults are observed oceurring at the mating site, which is considered to be linked with the learning of the reproductive behavior. Our results maybe provide a useful guideline to the management and breeding of giant pandas in the captivity.     

熊猫救助档案

佛坪从1983年以来在保护区内抢救患病大熊猫22只,成活14只,其中有10只是当地群众发现后报告并及时进行抢救治疗获得成功的。下面这一个个名字,都饱含了对熊猫淳朴的爱。     

佛坪保护区建区实录

中原有近2000个自然保护区,其中只有3个大熊猫保护区是由中央部门直管的,佛坪就是其中之一。     

秦岭，保护区的集聚地

佛坪仅是秦岭山区一系列自然保护区中的一个。1997年我和三位美国专家从四川成都乘飞机去位于秦岭腹地的陕西周至县老县城自然保护区考察。当飞机飞越秦岭时,只看到山高万仞,郁郁葱葱的秦岭横亘于中华大地的腹地,宛如一条生机勃勃的绿色巨龙。在它南北两侧是关中平原和汉中平原。那是我第一次在空中鸟瞰这座著名的山脉。     

探访羚牛

6月中旬,我们佛坪保护区羚牛课题组一行四人再次登上了光头山。光头山我们去过多次,海拔2838米,它在秦岭山中只能算小字辈。但由于它地处秦岭腹地,南坡是佛坪自然保护区,北坡是周至和老县城自然保护区,西面又紧邻着长青自然保护区,四个保护区相拥,加上交通闭塞,得到了较好的保护,不大出名的光头山倒成了中外生物学家魂牵梦绕的地方。     

从长期监测数据看佛坪自然保护区大熊猫种群的发展趋势与生态习性

野生动物监测在保护管理自然资源以确保可持续利用上占有关键地位,在西方一些发达国家已成为濒危物种乃至生物多样性保护的一项重要内容。在我国,对大型哺乳动物的长期监测基本尚未纳入常规,针对野生种群的监测报道迄今罕见。本文以佛坪自然保护区2000 ～ 2006 年大熊猫监测数据为基础,通过大熊猫遗留的新鲜粪便等痕迹指标探讨了该地大熊猫种群的发展趋势与监测数据所反映的大熊猫生态习性。结果显示该保护区内大熊猫种群略显缓慢增加的趋势(t = 1.98,P = 0. 082),不同季节痕迹的海拔变化表明,该地大熊猫有季节性垂直迁移的生态习性。此外,监测数据所反映的大熊猫空间分布等亦与其他相关研究大致吻合,表明该保护区所采用的监测方法有在全国其他大熊猫保护区推广利用的潜在价值。     

佛坪自然保护区食竹鸟兽种类的初步调查

1991~2004年采用检查死亡个体的胃或嗉囊内容物、新鲜粪便和在野外直接观察动物采食的3种方法,在陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区对食竹的鸟兽种类进行了初步调查。巴山木竹和秦岭箭竹是大熊猫采食的主要食物资源。除大熊猫外,采食这两种竹的鸟兽有38种,隶属6目14科,其中鸟类9种,兽类29种。大量采食、中等采食和少量采食竹类的物种分别为1种、5种和33种,所占比例分别为2.6%、12.8%和84.6%。39种鸟兽均采食竹笋,其中32种只采食竹笋。黑熊和野猪是食竹笋量比较大的大型兽类,羚牛、鬣羚和斑羚3种牛科动物全年都采食竹类,其中以羚牛对竹叶的采食量最大。这些食竹鸟兽一方面直接与大熊猫竞争食物资源,特别是竹笋,另外也会间接地影响大熊猫对竹类的利用。     

基于红外相机技术对佛坪国家级自然保护区大熊猫季节性空间分布与活动模式的研究

2015年1月至2017年12月,在陕西佛坪国家级自然保护区海拔1 200～2 500 m的57条大熊猫(Ailuropodamelanoleuca)活动频繁的巡护样线上,布设130台红外相机。累计红外相机有效工作日100 685 d,共拍摄到大熊猫有效独立照片1 831张。将红外相机拍摄的有效照片和相机工作日依据不同竹种类型及保护站归类,对大熊猫季节性空间分布与活动模式进行研究。结果表明:(1)大熊猫春季活动最为频繁,在巴山木竹(Bashania fargesii)林和秦岭箭竹(Fargesia qinlingensis)林中相对多度分别是2.89和3.72;其次是冬季,在巴山木竹林和秦岭箭竹林中的相对多度分别是2.95和2.74。3月份是其活动高峰,巴山木竹林和秦岭箭竹林中的相对多度指数都是最高;11、12和1月份,大熊猫在巴山木竹林中相对多度指数高于秦岭箭竹林;2至10月份,大熊猫在秦岭箭竹林中的相对多度指数都要高于巴山木竹林。(2)大熊猫在佛坪保护区各个保护站均有分布,且存在季节性空间分布差异。三官庙和西河保护站全年的12个月都能够捕获到大熊猫的身影,是大熊猫分布相对多度最高的...     

陕西省鸟类2种新纪录

许涛清等(1996)主编的《陕西省脊椎动物名录》中收录鸟类368种.之后又不断有陕西鸟类新分布纪录报道,如遗鸥(Larus relictus)、中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)等.     

A tribute to Professor Yong Zhao

Professor Yong Zhao was the Dean of School of Life Sciences at Sun Yat-sen University and a renowned biologist whose studies focused on the role of telomeres and telom-erase in cancer and aging.Dr.Zhao's postdoctoral mentor Professor Woodring E.Wright(1949-2019)of University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center(UTSW)once remarked,“It will be hard for anyone else in my lab to match up to the superb performance of Yong Zhao.”     

Neurology: Dysequilibrium in Older People

The Council on Scientific Affairs of the California Medical Association presents the following inventory of items of progress in neurology. Each item, in the judgment of a panel of knowledgeable physicians, has recently become reasonably firmly established, both as to scientific fact and important clinical significance. The items are presented in simple epitome, and an authoritative reference, both to the item itself and to the subject as a whole, is generally given for those who may be unfamiliar with a particular item. The purpose is to assist busy practitioners, students, researchers, and scholars to stay abreast of these items of progress in neurology that have recently achieved a substantial degree of authoritative acceptance, whether in their own field of special interest or another.The items of progress listed below were selected by the Advisory Panel to the Section on Neurology of the California Medical Association, and the summaries were prepared under its direction.