Alkaloids,coumarins, triterpenes and a flavanone from the root of Zanthoxylum dipetalum

The root bark of Zanthoxylum dipetalum contained the alkaloids canthin-6-one, chelerythrine, nitidine and tembetarine, the pyranocoumarins avicennol and xanthoxyletin, the triterpene lupeol and the flavanoid hesperidin. The MS fragmentation pattern for avicennol is discussed and a tentative structure is proposed for a third coumarin, designated ZD/1. The root wood of the type species and the stem bark of the γ variety contained most of the above compounds plus sitosterol and, in the root wood only, magnoflorine. The chemotaxonomic implications of these findings are briefly discussed.     

花椒属植物生物碱研究进展

花椒属植物全世界约有250种,我国约有39种14变种。近年来研究发现花椒属植物生物碱具有多种药理作用与临床功能,现就近20年来花椒属生物碱和花椒生物碱的提取、分离、测定方法以及其药理作用等研究作一综述。     

花椒总生物碱镇痛、抗炎、止痒作用研究

目的:研究花椒生物碱镇痛、抗炎及止痒作用。方法:分别采用热板法考察其镇痛作用二甲苯致炎法考察其抗炎作用、低分子右旋糖酐-40诱发小鼠皮肤瘙痒研究其止痒作用。结果:中、高浓度的花椒生物碱对小鼠热刺激引起的疼痛具有较强的镇痛作用;高浓度的花椒生物碱能较强抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀,并能缓解分子右旋糖酐-40诱发的小鼠皮肤瘙痒。具有较强的抗炎、止痒作用。结论:花椒生物碱具有较强的镇痛、抗炎、止痒作用。     

Cytotoxic Mannopyranosides of Indole Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum

Three new mannopyranosides of indole alkaloids, methyl 7‐(β‐D ‐mannopyranosyloxy)‐1H‐indole‐2‐carboxylate ( 1 ), methyl 7‐[(3‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D ‐mannopyranosyl)oxy]‐1H‐indole‐2‐carboxylate ( 2 ), and 2‐methyl‐1H‐indol‐7‐yl β‐D ‐mannopyranoside ( 3 ), were isolated from an EtOH extract of the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum. Their structures were identified as new compounds on the basis of the spectroscopic analyses. Bioactivity evaluation revealed that these alkaloids possess significant cytotoxicities against all the tested tumor cell lines with IC₅₀ values of less than 30 μM .     

超声波提取两面针中的总碱

在提取两面针总碱时,超声提取法与回流提取法相比较,具有省时、节能、提出率高的等优点。     

不同品种花椒生物碱含量测定及光谱学特性分析

建立了一种酸碱滴定法有效的生物碱定量测定方法,并比较测定了花椒的两个品种花椒和青花椒中生物碱的含量。对生物碱提取液在紫外扫描图谱的基础上分析了花椒和青花椒生物碱的差异,有望将此紫外图谱应用到不同品种花椒生物碱的指纹图谱上。     

Benzophenanthridine alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC, and their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities

Seven benzophenanthridine alkaloids, 1-7, were isolated from the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum. Among them, two novel alkaloids, named (R)-8-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]dihydrochelerythrine (1) and 8-methoxynorchelerythrine (2), were structurally identified as new compounds on the basis of the spectroscopic analysis. Bioactivity evaluation showed that nitidine (3), dihydrochelerythrine (4), oxyavicine (5), 8-methoxychelerythrine (6), and 8-hydroxydihydrochelerythrine (7) exhibit comparable analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects as hydrocortisone.     

A New Aromatic Amide from the Roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii (Rutaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii Zepernick and Timler (Rutaceae) led to the isolation and characterization of one new aromatic amide named tessmamide ( 1 ) along with twelve known compounds, N‐benzoyltyramine methyl ether ( 2 ), 7,8,9‐trimethoxycoumarin ( 3 ), 7,8‐dimethoxycoumarin ( 4 ), integrifoliodiol ( 5 ), robustin ( 6 ), skimmianine ( 7 ), lupeol ( 8 ), lupenone ( 9 ), a mixture of stigmasterol and β‐sitosterol, and a mixture of their glucosides. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, EI‐MS, and ESI‐MS) and comparison with known analogs. The determination of the radical scavenging activity using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay gave moderate antioxidant values for the crude extracts of the roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii (IC₅₀ 0.8 mg/mL), tessmamide ( 1 ; IC₅₀ 31.8 μm ), and 7,8,9‐trimethoxycoumarin ( 3 ; IC₅₀ 29.3 μm ), compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ 11.6 μm ).     

正交设计和动态过程优化两面针超声提取工艺

以总生物碱提取率为指标,先用正交试验优化两面针的超声提取工艺,再动态过程精选提取工艺。最佳工艺条件为:复合酶预处理后,以体积分数60%乙醇(盐酸5 g/L)超声(250 W)提取3次,第1次以10倍量溶剂提取15 min,第2次以4倍量溶剂提取12 min,第3次以3倍量溶剂提取9 min,总生物碱提取率87.80%。该工艺高效、节能、省时,为工业生产奠定了实验基础。     

两面针化学成分、药理活性及抗肿瘤机制研究进展

本文主要结合近几年的国内外研究报道,综述了中国传统中草药-两面针的化学成分、药理活性及临床疗效等方面的研究进展;并结合作者所在课题组的研究成果,重点介绍了两面针生物碱及其金属配合物的抗肿瘤活性研究。     

两面针中的化学成分

研究两面针Zanthaxylum nitidum(Roxb．)DC根部乙醇提取物中的化学成分。采用硅胶柱层析方法进行分离和纯化,通过波谱分析鉴定分离得到的化合物的结构。共鉴定7种香豆素成分及2种其它类型成分,其中6种香豆素前文已作过报道。本文主要介绍三种化学成分即β-谷甾醇(1),5-methoxymarmesin(2),β-香树素(3)。其中5-methoxymarmesin为首次从该植物中分离得到的化合物。     

The complex genome and adaptive evolution of polyploid Chinese pepper (Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum)

Zanthoxylum armatum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum, known as ‘Chinese pepper’, are distinguished by their extraordinary complex genomes, phenotypic innovation of adaptive evolution and species-special metabolites. Here, we report reference-grade genomes of Z. armatum and Z. bungeanum. Using high coverage sequence data and comprehensive assembly strategies, we derived 66 pseudochromosomes comprising 33 homologous phased groups of two subgenomes, including autotetraploid Z. armatum. The genomic rearrangements and two whole-genome duplications created large (~4.5 Gb) complex genomes with a high ratio of repetitive sequences (>82%) and high chromosome number (2n = 4x = 132). Further analysis of the high-quality genomes shed lights on the genomic basis of involutional reproduction, allomones biosynthesis and adaptive evolution in Chinese pepper, revealing a high consistent relationship between genomic evolution, environmental factors and phenotypic innovation. Our study provides genomic resources and new insights for investigating diversification and phenotypic innovation in Chinese pepper, with broader implications for the protection of plants under severe environmental changes.     

花椒园昆虫群落结构及时间动态的聚类分析

【目的】通过调查花椒园生态系统中昆虫群落的组成,分析其动态及其时空特征,评价花椒园昆虫各亚群落间的相互关系,旨在为花椒园立体农业的构建及其害虫的生态调控提供科学依据。【方法】采取5点取样法,调查记录枝条和树干上的昆虫种类和数量。同时采用糖醋液诱集、黄板诱集、滴水黄盘诱集、目测和网捕等方法调查。利用群落特征指数对群落的基本特征进行分析,采用系统聚类方法对各群落特征指数时间动态进行分类。【结果】通过对花椒园昆虫群落的系统调查,共查到花椒园昆虫(包括蜘蛛类)359种,隶属19目148科。半翅目相对丰盛度最高,为0.3036,其次为蜘蛛类,其相对丰盛度为0.2033。在分析花椒园昆虫群落结构的基础上,对花椒园昆虫群落进行聚类分析。结果表明,对不同时期的总群落、亚群落进行模糊聚类,其结果显示:总群落的24次调查结果可以聚为9类,阈值T=0.98,3月20日,5月20日,3月30日,4月28日,4月10日,10月10日各分为一类,10月20日、10月30日、11月12日为一类,其余归为一类;天敌亚群落调查结果聚为7类,T=0.95,3月20日,5月30日,11月12日,3月30日各自归为一类,4月20日、4月28日归为一类,4月10日、10月30日归为一类,其余归为一类;非天敌亚群落调查结果聚为9类,T=0.97,3月20日、3月30日、5月20日、6月20日、9月30日、10月10日各自归为一类,6月10日和6月30日归为一类,10月20日、10月30日、11月12日归为一类,其余归为一类。【结论】聚类结果反映了群落状况的季节差异,聚类交替现象反映了群落结构复杂性,聚类结果的复杂性反映了各时期的非生物因素对群落动态有较大影响。     

花椒精油研究进展

花椒在我国栽培面积大,产量高。近年来研究发现花椒精油具有多种药理作用和临床功能,现就20年来花椒精油的提取方法、化学组分和药理作用等研究作一综述。     

花椒和野花椒的无融合生殖

花椒与野花椒的胚囊发育类型属蓼型,成熟胚囊的卵器退化。花椒无雄花,不发生双受精,自发形成胚乳并产生珠心胚。野花椒虽有正常花粉,人工授粉后能萌发,但在花粉管长入胚囊之前卵器已解体,中央细胞中已形成胚乳游离核,因此也不发生双受精,由珠心细胞自发形成胚。这种现象是花椒和野花椒在长期进化过程中形成的一种十分特化的适应。     

Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定花椒中多酚含量的研究

研究了以没食子酸为标准品,采用Folin-Ciocalteu比色法,测定花椒多酚含量的适宜条件。结果表明:当Folin-Ciocalteu试剂与10%Na2CO3溶液之比为1∶2(V∶V),Folin-Ciocalteu试剂体积为4 mL,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为120 min时,多酚含量在1~6μg/mL范围内与吸光值呈良好的线性关系。测定了4种花椒中的多酚含量,四川青花椒多酚含量最高。     

两面针中新棒状花椒酰胺提取工艺的研究

本研究通过正交试验设计,对两面针中具有镇痛、抗炎和止血活性的新棒状花椒酰胺提取的不同溶剂、不同的提取时间和不同的提取温度用工业上常用的回流提取方法,进行了最佳工艺条件的选择。发现不同的提取条件,两面针的提取液中活性成分新棒状花椒酰胺的含量差别很大。在75％的乙醇、75℃温度、时间3h的条件下,两面针的提取液中新棒状花椒酰胺的含量最高,为0．76％;在水为溶剂、50℃温度、时间1h的条件下的条件下,两面针的提取液中新棒状花椒酰胺的含量最低,为0．00070％。