共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Daisy J. Mechelmans Michael Irvine Paula Banca Laura Porter Simon Mitchell Tom B. Mole Tatyana R. Lapa Neil A. Harrison Marc N. Potenza Valerie Voon 《PloS one》2014,9(8)
Compulsive sexual behaviour (CSB) is relatively common and has been associated with significant distress and psychosocial impairments. CSB has been conceptualized as either an impulse control disorder or a non-substance ‘behavioural’ addiction. Substance use disorders are commonly associated with attentional biases to drug cues which are believed to reflect processes of incentive salience. Here we assess male CSB subjects compared to age-matched male healthy controls using a dot probe task to assess attentional bias to sexually explicit cues. We show that compared to healthy volunteers, CSB subjects have enhanced attentional bias to explicit cues but not neutral cues particularly for early stimuli latency. Our findings suggest enhanced attentional bias to explicit cues possibly related to an early orienting attentional response. This finding dovetails with our recent observation that sexually explicit videos were associated with greater activity in a neural network similar to that observed in drug-cue-reactivity studies. Greater desire or wanting rather than liking was further associated with activity in this neural network. These studies together provide support for an incentive motivation theory of addiction underlying the aberrant response towards sexual cues in CSB. 相似文献
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罗明辉 《基因组学与应用生物学》2019,38(7):3263-3267
为了揭示普拉提运动对慢性下腰痛患者的疼痛和腰椎功能的影响,本研究选择2017年1月至2018年6月在医院确诊并接受治疗的64例慢性下腰痛患者作为研究对象,根据运动疗法分为对照组(悬吊训练法)和观察组(悬吊训练法结合普拉提运动),采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价患者的疼痛程度,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评价患者的腰椎功能障碍情况,采用运动情境动机量表(SSIMS)评价患者的运动参与动机。研究显示,治疗后观察组的VAS评分显著低于对照组(p=0.043)。观察组治疗后的ODI总评分显著低于对照组(p=0.026),观察组患者治疗后的疼痛、生活自理、提物、行走和站立5个维度评分显著低于对照组(p<0.05)。SSIMS量表的4个维度中,鉴别原则得分最高,其次为内部动机,然后是外部调节,最后为缺乏动机。本研究结果提示,普拉提运动可显著降低下腰痛患者的疼痛程度,并改善腰椎功能。此外,普拉提运动具有较好的患者认可度和喜爱度,值得在临床和运动康复训练中应用。 相似文献
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Remko Soer Dafne Vos Bert Hofstra Michiel F. Reneman 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》2014,39(3-4):259-267
The aim of this study was to explore on which variables a stress reduction program based on heart coherence can enhance the effects of a back school (BS) in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain and to explore possible moderators for treatment success. A retrospective explorative design was carried out with 170 patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. 89 Patients were admitted to BS and 81 patients were selected for BS and heart coherence training (BS–HCT). Six sessions of heart coherence were provided. At T0 (baseline) and T1 (discharge), the Numeric Rating Scale for pain (NRS pain), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Pain Disability Index (PDI) and Rand-36 were administered in both groups. Both groups improved significantly on NRS pain, RMDQ, PDI and most of the Rand-36 subscales. On physical functioning, the BS–HCT group improved significantly more than the BS group (p = 0.02) but not after Bonferroni correction. Significant moderate correlations (r = 0.39 and r = 0.48) were found between the change of heart coherence and change of PDI and RMDQ respectively, but not with other variables. Baseline characteristics were not related to change on heart coherence. Providing HCT was more effective on physical functioning compared to a BS program. Change in heart coherence was related significantly to 2 out of 12 analyses. Placebo controlled and blinded studies are needed to confirm this. Characteristics of individuals who might benefit remain unknown. Evidence of this study is considered a level C, because of its pragmatic clinical character. 相似文献
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Justin J. Munns Joe Y. B. Lee Alejandro A. Espinoza Orías Ryota Takatori Gunnar B. J. Andersson Howard S. An Nozomu Inoue 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Purpose
To examine ligamentum flavum thickness using magnetic resonance (MR) images to evaluate its association with low back pain symptoms, age, gender, lumbar level, and disc characteristics.Materials and Methods
Sixty-three individuals were part of this IRB-approved study: twenty-seven with chronic low back pain, and thirty-six as asymptomatic. All patients underwent MR imaging and computed tomography (CT) of the lumbar spine. The MR images at the mid-disc level were captured and enlarged 800% using a bilinear interpolation size conversion algorithm that allowed for enhanced image quality. Ligamentum flavum thickness was assessed using bilateral medial and lateral measurements. Disc height at each level was measured by the least-distance measurement method in three-dimensional models created by CT images taken of the same subject. Analysis of variance and t-tests were carried out to evaluate the relationship between ligamentum flavum thickness and patient variables.Results
Ligamentum flavum thickness was found to significantly increase with older age, lower lumbar level, and chronic low back pain (p < 0.03). No difference in ligamentum flavum thickness was observed between right and left sided measurements, or between male and female subjects. Disc height and both ligamentum flavum thickness measurements showed low to moderate correlations that reached significance (p < 0.01). Additionally, a moderate and significant correlation between disc degeneration grade and ligamentum flavum thickness does exist (p <0.001).Conclusion
By measuring ligamentum flavum thickness on MR images at two different sites and comparing degrees of disc degeneration, we found that ligamentum flavum thickness may be closely related to the pathogenesis of pain processes in the spine. 相似文献7.
Siobhán Howard Adam O’Riordan Michelle Nolan 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》2018,43(3):193-201
It is argued that the Type D person experiences increased distress when encountering social situations, which results in altered stress responding. However, little is known about how Type D individuals behave or feel during social interactions. Using a within-subjects design, the present study examined the physiological arousal of Type D and non-Type D individuals when rating how they would deal with a number of hypothetical social situations. Results showed that across all social situations, Type D individuals experienced greater levels of discomfort. In clearly negative and ambiguously neutral situations, this was paired with higher pulse rate. This study shows that the Type D individual not only reports greater discomfort but also experiences changes physiologically that support the role of the cardiovascular system as a potential psychosomatic pathway to disease. 相似文献
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Rune Aune Mentzoni Bj?rn S?trevik Helge Molde Nora Wiium J?rn Hetland Ida Fagerland Linn Tinnesand Nordnes Sunniva Straume Storemark Ingrid Nesdal Fossum St?le Pallesen 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
The use of nicotine in the form of “snus” is substantial and increasing in some geographic areas, in particular among young people. It has previously been suggested that addictions may operate through a mechanism of attentional bias, in which stimuli representative of the dependent substance increase in salience, thus increasing the addictive behavior. However, this hypothesis has not been tested for the case of snus. The current experiment used a modified Stroop task and a dot-probe task to investigate whether 40 snus users show an attentional bias towards snus-relevant stimuli, compared to 40 non-snus users. There were no significant differences between the two groups on reaction times or accuracy on either Stroop or dot-probe task, thus failing to show an attentional bias towards snus-relevant stimuli for snus users. This could imply that other mechanisms may contribute to maintenance of snus use than for other addictions. However, this is the first experimental study investigating attentional bias in snus users, and more research is warranted. 相似文献
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The aims of this study were to compare the steadiness index of spinal regions during single-leg standing in older adults with and without chronic low back pain (LBP) and to correlate measurements of steadiness index with the performance of clinical balance tests. Thirteen community-dwelling older adults (aged 55 years or above) with chronic LBP and 13 age- and gender-matched asymptomatic volunteers participated in this study. Data collection was conducted in a university research laboratory. Measurements were steadiness index of spinal regions (trunk, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and pelvis) during single-leg standing including relative holding time (RHT) and relative standstill time (RST), and clinical balance tests (timed up and go test and 5-repetition sit to stand test). The LBP group had a statistically significantly smaller RHT than the control group, regardless of one leg stance on the painful or non-painful sides. The RSTs on the painful side leg in the LBP group were not statistically significantly different from the average RSTs of both legs in the control group; however, the RSTs on the non-painful side leg in the LBP group were statistically significantly smaller than those in the control group for the trunk, thoracic spine, and lumbar spine. No statistically significant intra-group differences were found in the RHTs and RSTs between the painful and non-painful side legs in the LBP group. Measurements of clinical balance tests also showed insignificant weak to moderate correlations with steadiness index. In conclusion, older adults with chronic LBP demonstrated decreased spinal steadiness not only in the symptomatic lumbar spine but also in the other spinal regions within the kinetic chain of the spine. When treating older adults with chronic LBP, clinicians may also need to examine their balance performance and spinal steadiness during balance challenging tests. 相似文献
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Cortisol induces attentional bias toward a negative stimulus and impaired attentional function. Depressed individuals have
high levels of cortisol, and exhibit an attentional bias toward a depression-related stimulus and impaired processing speed
and executive attention, which are components of attentional function. Therefore, the study tested the hypotheses that an
acute increase in cortisol in response to a stressor is associated with attentional bias toward a depression-related stimulus
and impaired processing speed and executive attention. Thirty-six participants were administered the dot-probe task for the
measurement of attentional bias toward a depression-related stimulus and the Trail Making Test A and B for the measurement
of processing speed and executive attention before and after a mental arithmetic task. It was revealed that attentional bias
toward a depression-related stimulus following the stressor was observed only among the responders (i.e., participants with
cortisol elevation in response to a stressor). On the other hand, no differences in the performance of processing speed and
executive attention were noted between the responders and non-responders. The results indicate that acutely elevated cortisol
is related to attentional bias, but is not related to processing speed and executive attention. The results have an implication
for the etiology of depression. 相似文献
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Christian Puta Birgit Schulz Saskia Schoeler Walter Magerl Brunhild Gabriel Holger H. W. Gabriel Wolfgang H. R. Miltner Thomas Weiss 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) was shown to be associated with pathophysiological changes at several levels of the sensorimotor system. Changes in sensory thresholds have been reported but complete profiles of Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) were only rarely obtained in CLBP patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate comprehensive QST profiles in CLBP at the painful site (back) and at a site distinct from their painful region (hand) and to compare these data with similar data in healthy controls. We found increased detection thresholds in CLBP patients compared to healthy controls for all innocuous stimuli at the back and extraterritorial to the painful region at the hand. Additionally, CLBP patients showed decreased pain thresholds at both sites. Importantly, there was no interaction between the investigated site and group, i.e. thresholds were changed both at the affected body site and for the site distinct from the painful region (hand). Our results demonstrate severe, widespread changes in somatosensory sensitivity in CLBP patients. These widespread changes point to alterations at higher levels of the neuraxis or/and to a vulnerability to nociceptive plasticity in CLBP patients. 相似文献
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Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is closely connected to criminal behavior. A better understanding of functional connectivity in the brains of ASPD patients will help to explain abnormal behavioral syndromes and to perform objective diagnoses of ASPD. In this study we designed an exploratory data-driven classifier based on machine learning to investigate changes in functional connectivity in the brains of patients with ASPD using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in 32 subjects with ASPD and 35 controls. The results showed that the classifier achieved satisfactory performance (86.57% accuracy, 77.14% sensitivity and 96.88% specificity) and could extract stabile information regarding functional connectivity that could be used to discriminate ASPD individuals from normal controls. More importantly, we found that the greatest change in the ASPD subjects was uncoupling between the default mode network and the attention network. Moreover, the precuneus, superior parietal gyrus and cerebellum exhibited high discriminative power in classification. A voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed and showed that the gray matter volumes in the parietal lobule and white matter volumes in the precuneus were abnormal in ASPD compared to controls. To our knowledge, this study was the first to use resting-state fMRI to identify abnormal functional connectivity in ASPD patients. These results not only demonstrated good performance of the proposed classifier, which can be used to improve the diagnosis of ASPD, but also elucidate the pathological mechanism of ASPD from a resting-state functional integration viewpoint. 相似文献
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Objective
The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of an intensive inpatient three-week multimodal therapy. We focused especially on the impact on the multimodal therapy outcome of the pre-admission number of treatment types patients had received and of medical specialist groups patients had consulted.Methods
155 patients with chronic low back pain and indication for multimodal therapy were evaluated with respect to pain intensity, depression, anxiety, well-being, and pre-admission health care utilization. In our controlled clinical trial we compared N = 66 patients on the waiting list with N = 89 patients who received immediate treatment. The waiting list patients likewise attended multimodal therapy after the waiting period. Longitudinal post-treatment data for both were collected at three- and twelve-month follow-ups. The impact of pre-admission health care utilization on multimodal therapy outcome (post) was analysed by structural equation model.Results
Compared to the control group, multimodal therapy patients’ pain intensity and psychological variables were significantly reduced. Longitudinal effects with respect to pre-measures were significant at three-month follow-up for pain intensity (ES = -0.48), well-being (ES = 0.78), anxiety (ES = -0.33), and depression (ES = -0.30). Effect sizes at twelve-month follow-up were small for anxiety (ES = -0.22), and moderate for general well-being (ES = 0.61). Structural equation model revealed that a higher number of pre-admission treatment types was associated with poorer post-treatment outcomes in pain intensity, well-being, and depression.Conclusion
Multimodal therapy proved to be effective with regard to improvements in pain intensity, depression, anxiety, and well-being. The association between treatment effect and number of pre-admission pain treatment types suggests that patients would benefit more from attending multimodal therapy in an earlier stage of health care. 相似文献14.
Judith C. Barker 《American anthropologist》2002,104(3):984-985
Camp Pain: Talking with Chronic Pain Patients. Jean E. Jackson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. 281 pp. 相似文献
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Background
Age-related changes occur in both the peripheral and central nervous system, yet little is known about the influence of chronic pain on pain sensitivity in older persons. The aim of this study was to investigate pain sensitivity in elders with chronic neck pain compared to healthy elders.Methods
Thirty elderly women with chronic neck pain and 30 controls were recruited. Measures of pain sensitivity included pressure pain thresholds, heat/cold pain thresholds and suprathreshold heat pain responses. The pain measures were assessed over the cervical spine and at a remote site, the tibialis anterior muscle.Results
Elders with chronic neck pain had lower pressure pain threshold over the articular pillar of C5-C6 and decreased cold pain thresholds over the cervical spine and tibialis anterior muscle when compared with controls (p < 0.05). There were no between group differences in heat pain thresholds and suprathreshold heat pain responses (p > 0.05).Conclusion
The presence of pain hypersensitivity in elderly women with chronic neck pain appears to be dependent on types of painful stimuli. This may reflect changes in the peripheral and central nervous system with age. 相似文献16.
Bush EG Rye MS Brant CR Emery E Pargament KI Riessinger CA 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》1999,24(4):249-260
This study examined the role of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral coping in a sample of 61 chronic pain patients from a midwestern pain clinic. Participants described their chronic pain and indicated their use of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral coping strategies. Results supported a multidimensional conceptualization of religious coping that includes both positive and negative strategies. Positive religious coping strategies were associated significantly with positive affect and religious outcome after statistically controlling for demographic variables. In contrast, measures of negative religious coping strategies were not associated significantly with outcome variables. Several significant associations also were found between nonreligious cognitive-behavioral coping strategies and outcome variables. The results underscore the need for further research concerning the contributions of religious coping in adjustment to chronic pain. Practitioners of applied psychophysiology should assess their chronic pain patients' religious appraisals and religious coping as another important stress management strategy. 相似文献
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Sharon Morein-Zamir Martina Papmeyer Alice Durieux Naomi A. Fineberg Barbara J. Sahakian Trevor W. Robbins 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Whether Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is associated with an increased attentional bias to emotive stimuli remains controversial. Additionally, it is unclear whether comorbid depression modulates abnormal emotional processing in OCD. This study examined attentional bias to OC-relevant scenes using a visual search task. Controls, non-depressed and depressed OCD patients searched for their personally selected positive images amongst their negative distractors, and vice versa. Whilst the OCD groups were slower than healthy individuals in rating the images, there were no group differences in the magnitude of negative bias to concern-related scenes. A second experiment employing a common set of images replicated the results on an additional sample of OCD patients. Although there was a larger bias to negative OC-related images without pre-exposure overall, no group differences in attentional bias were observed. However, OCD patients subsequently rated the images more slowly and more negatively, again suggesting post-attentional processing abnormalities. The results argue against a robust attentional bias in OCD patients, regardless of their depression status and speak to generalized difficulties disengaging from negative valence stimuli. Rather, post-attentional processing abnormalities may account for differences in emotional processing in OCD. 相似文献
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Meyke Roosink Bradford J. McFadyen Luc J. Hébert Philip L. Jackson Laurent J. Bouyer Catherine Mercier 《PloS one》2015,10(3)
Chronic pain, including chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP), is often associated with body perception disturbances, but these have generally been assessed under static conditions. The objective of this study was to use a “virtual mirror” that scaled visual movement feedback to assess body perception during active movement in military personnel with CNSLBP (n = 15) as compared to military healthy control subjects (n = 15). Subjects performed a trunk flexion task while sitting and standing in front of a large screen displaying a full-body virtual mirror-image (avatar) in real-time. Avatar movements were scaled to appear greater, identical, or smaller than the subjects’ actual movements. A total of 126 trials with 11 different scaling factors were pseudo-randomized across 6 blocks. After each trial, subjects had to decide whether the avatar’s movements were “greater” or “smaller” than their own movements. Based on this two-alternative forced choice paradigm, a psychophysical curve was fitted to the data for each subject, and several metrics were derived from this curve. In addition, task adherence (kinematics) and virtual reality immersion were assessed. Groups displayed a similar ability to discriminate between different levels of movement scaling. Still, subjects with CNSLBP showed an abnormal performance and tended to overestimate their own movements (a right-shifted psychophysical curve). Subjects showed adequate task adherence, and on average virtual reality immersion was reported to be very good. In conclusion, these results extend previous work in patients with CNSLBP, and denote an important relationship between body perception, movement and pain. As such, the assessment of body perception during active movement can offer new avenues for understanding and managing body perception disturbances and abnormal movement patterns in patients with pain. 相似文献
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Xue-Qiang Wang Jie-Jiao Zheng Zhuo-Wei Yu Xia Bi Shu-Jie Lou Jing Liu Bin Cai Ying-Hui Hua Mark Wu Mao-Ling Wei Hai-Min Shen Yi Chen Yu-Jian Pan Guo-Hui Xu Pei-Jie Chen 《PloS one》2012,7(12)