木蓝根瘤菌的16S rDNA全序列分析及DNA—DNA杂交

通过数值分类,ＳＤＳ－全细胞蛋白电泳分析,对分离自西北黄土高原地区的木蓝根瘤菌进行了研究,获得了１个新类群。在此基础上,进行了中心菌株ＳＨＬ０４２的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ全序列分析,得到系统发育树状图。ＳＨＬ０４２与Ｒ．ｔｒｏｐｉｃｉ Ａ、Ｒ．ｔｒｏｐｉｃｉ Ｂ、Ｒ．ｌｅｇｕｍｉｎｏｓａｒｕｍ、Ｒ．ｅｔｌｉ、Ｒ．ｈａｎａｎｅｓｉｓ、Ｒ．ｍｏｎｇｏｌｅｎｓｅ和Ｒ．ｇａｌｌｉｃｕｍ构成一个发育分支,其与这些     

柱晶白霉素产生菌的选育：耐磷高产突变株的分离

柱晶白霉素产生菌──北里链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｏｍｙｃｅｓ．Ｋｉｔａｓａｔｏｎｅｓｉｓ）,通过紫外线处理和高浓度磷酸盐平板上选择分离到突变株ＵＤＰ１－２,在正常发酵培养基条件下摇瓶发酵柱晶白霉素超产可达１８．６％。而且变株的菌落形态与亲本菌株差异较大。     

紫色非硫细菌Rhodocista属一新分离株的鉴定及其系统学研究

从污水处理厂分离到一株紫色非硫细菌３ｐ ,该菌株具避光性,能形成孢囊,具片层状光合内膜,在波长７９８ ｎｍ 处的吸收峰很低,需硫胺素和维生素Ｂ１２ 作生长因子。该菌株可以琥珀酸为碳源,最佳生长温度为３４ ℃～４１ ℃,体内未发现Ｒ 体结构,醌类的主要成分是Ｑ９ 。对菌株３ｐ 的１６ＳｒＲＮＡ 基因的分子系统学分析结果表明,菌株３ｐ 与世纪红篓菌（ Ｒｈｏｄｏｃｉｓｔａ ｃｅｎｔｅｎａｒｉａ） 关系最近,相似性为９５ ％ ,二者可归为同一属;与Ｒｃ．Ｃｅｎｔｅｎａｒｉａ 的杂交结果表明,二者的ＤＮＡ 相关性为５６ ％ ,故可把３ｐ 定为一个新种：北京红篓菌（ Ｒｈｏｄｏｃｉｓｔａｐｅｋｉｎｅｎｓｅ ｓｐ ．Ｎｏｖ） ．     

木蓝根瘤菌的16S rDNA全序列分析及DNA-DNA杂交

通过数值分类、ＳＤＳ－全细胞蛋白电泳分析,对分离自西北黄土高原地区的木蓝根瘤菌进行了研究,获得了１个新类群。在此基础上,进行了中心菌株ＳＨＬ０４２的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ全序列分析,得到系统发育树状图。 ＳＨＬ０４２与 Ｒ.ｔｒｏｐｉｃｉ Ａ、 Ｒ.ｔｒｏｐｉｃｉ Ｂ、 Ｒ.ｌｅｇｕｍｉｎｏｓａｒｕｍ、 Ｒ ｅｔｌｉ、 Ｒｈａｎａｎｅｓｉｓ、Ｒ. ｍｏｎｇｏｌｅｎｓｅ和Ｒ.ｇａｌｌｉｃｕｍ构成一个发育分支,其与这些种模式菌株 １６Ｓ　ｒＤＮＡ全序列的相似性分别为９５．４％、９５．５％、９６．３％、９５．８％、９６．３％、９７．９％和９７．７％,均大于９５％,应属于同一个属。新类群群内ＤＮＡ同源性大于８０％,而中心菌株ＳＨＬ０４２与分支内各已知种的ＤＮＡ同源性小于５０％,表明ＳＨＬ０４２代表１个新的根瘤菌菌种。     

新生儿颊粘膜定植菌株的拮抗性研究

本文分离在新生儿颊粘膜上皮细胞表面形成微菌落、且初代培养时菌落较纯的１５株ａ溶血细菌,进行对Ｂ链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌４种共７株菌的体外拮抗实验。１５株菌中包括８株ａＳｔｒｅｐ．,其中Ｓｔｒｅｐ．ｍｉｔｉｓ４株,Ｓｔｒｅｐ．ｏｒａｌｉｓ２株、Ｓｔｒｅｐ．Ｓａｌｉｖ．Ｓａｌｉｖａｒｉｕｓ１株、Ｓｔｒｅｐ．ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉｕｓ１株;ＬＣ．ｌａｃｔｉｓ．ｃｒｅｍｏｒｉｓ５株、Ｇｅｍｅｌａｍｏｒｂｉｌｏｒｕｍ１株、Ｇｅｍｅｌａｈａｅｍｏｌｙｓａｎｓ１株。结果约６０％（９／１５）的颊粘膜定植株对两株及两株以上的病原菌株或阴性杆菌株有拮抗作用,只对１株菌有损坏抗作用的ａ溶血菌４株,完全无拮抗作用的菌株２株;ａＳｔｒｅｐ．、ＬＣ．ｌａｃｔｉｓ．ｃｒｅｍｏｒｉｓ的拮抗作用较强;拮抗作用的有无、强弱有很强的菌株特异性     

两株甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒的研究

本文报道了甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒 (Ｓｐｏｄｏｐｔｅｒａｅｘｉｇｕａｎｕｃｌｅａｒｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｅｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ,ＳｅＮ ＰＶ)美国分离株的形态学观察、宿主范围的测定、活体生物测定及其与甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒中山大学分离株的毒力、限制性内切酶图谱比较等研究结果。以喂饲法用ＳｅＮＰＶ美国分离株感染 4龄初甜菜夜蛾幼虫 ,收集具典型病症的虫尸并提纯多角体。取纯多角体进行包埋、切片。电镜观察表明 ,此甜菜夜蛾ＮＰＶ为多粒包埋型核型多角体病毒。用ＳｅＮＰＶ美国分离株以 1 .3× 1 0 7ＰＩＢｓ/ｍＬ分别感染甜菜夜蛾…     

紫色非硫细菌Rhodocista属一新分离株的鉴定及其系统学研究

从污水处理厂分离到一株紫色非硫细菌３－ｐ,该菌株具避光性,能形成孢囊,具片层状光合内膜,在波长７９８ｎｍ处的吸收峰很低,需硫胺素和维生素Ｂ１２作生长因子。该菌株可以琥珀酸为碳源,最佳生长温度为３４℃～４１℃,体内未发现Ｒ体结构,醌类的主要成分是Ｑ－９。对菌株３－ｐ的１６Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ基因的分子系统学分析结果表明,菌株３－ｐ与世纪红蒌菌（Ｒｈｏｄｏｃｉｓｔａ ｃｅｎｔｅｎａｒｉａ）关系最近,相似性为９     

棉铃虫（Heliothisspp）核型多角体病毒四个分离株的比较研究

本文从形态结构、生物活性、结构多肽、核酸限制性内切酶图谱和核酸同源性等方面对棉铃虫核型多角体病毒四个分离株（两个ＳＮＰＶ分离株：ＨａＳ、ＨｚＳ,和两个ＭＮＰＶ分离株：ＨａＭ１、ＨａＭ２）进行了比较研究。它们对中国棉铃虫二龄末三龄初幼虫的ＬＤ５０佰依次为３６１、３８７、２６３３、３５６０ＰＩＢｓ／克饲料,当感染剂过为５×ｌ０３ＰＩＢｓ／克饲料时,其ＬＴ５０值依次为４．６、４．９、６．４和６．６天。两个ＳＮＰＶ分离株的生物活性显著高于两个ＭＮＰＶ分离株。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析,四个分离株多角体蛋白均为一条带,两个ＭＮＰＶ分离株结构多肽均具有相同的迁移率,两个ＳＮＰＶ分离株的结构多肽图谱也颇相似,但ＳＮＰＶ与ＭＮＰＶ分离株之间带型相差较大。各分离株基出组经ＢａｍＨＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＸｂａＩ消化后,得到的内切酶图谱表现为两个ＮＭＰＶ分离株一致,两个ＳＮＰＶ分离株也很相似,而ＳＮＰＶ与ＭＮＰＶ分离株之间相差很大。严格条件杂交结果表明：两个ＳＮＰＶ分离株的基因组有较高的同源性,而ＳＮＰＶ与ＭＮＰＶ基因组之间的同源性极低。     

三种被孢霉的电泳核型分析

利用等强度均一电场（Ｃｏｎｔｏｕｒ－ｃｌａｍｐｅｄ Ｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓ Ｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃ Ｆｉｅｌｄ,ＣＨＥＦ）凝胶电泳技术比较了三种被孢霉菌株及两株诱变菌株的电泳核型。结果显示深黄被孢霉ＡＳ３．３４１０（Ｍｏｒｔｉｅｒｅｌｌａ ｉｓａｂｅｌｌｉｎａ ＡＳ３．３４１０）及其诱变株Ｍ６－２２、ＭＨ２３具有相同的染色体ＤＮＡ分子的数目和大小,而与拉曼被孢霉ＡＳ３．３４１１（Ｍ．ｒａｍａｎｎｉａｎａ     

新组合菌系SCB329—SCB933利用L—山梨糖发酵产生维生素C前体——2—酮基…

采用紫外照射,化学诱变和原生质融合等方法选育到一株性状更优良的突变株ＳＣＢ３２９,并与新筛选的一株芽孢杆菌ＳＣＢ９３３搭配组成新的组合菌系,产酸小菌ＳＣＢ３２９与其亲本菌株氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌性状相似,伴生大菌ＳＣＢ９３３属苏芸金芽孢杆菌（Ｂ．ｔｈｕｒｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ）,新组合菌系列Ｌ－山梨糖的发酵液提取后经纸层析,元素分析和红外吸收光谱等项鉴定,其发酵产物克系２－酮基－Ｌ－古龙酸,对新组合菌系的生物     

新疆土著大豆根瘤菌的表型多样性

选用分离自新疆昌吉市郊土壤的大豆根瘤菌61株和参比菌5株,对它们进行唯一碳氮源、抗生素抗性和抗逆性等表型性状分析,结果表明所有菌株在70.1％相似水平上分为快生大豆根瘤菌和慢生大豆根瘤菌2群,其中快生大豆根瘤菌在81.4％相似水平上又分为2个亚群,40株供试的新疆快生大豆根瘤菌与新疆中华根瘤菌聚为一群;7株供试菌聚为一小群,抗逆性强。所有供试快生菌株都与费氏中华根瘤菌相似性低,所以新疆快生大豆根瘤菌可能是与费氏中华根瘤菌相独立的一个种。     

N2-fixation ability of Brazilian soybean cultivars with Sinorhizobium fredii and Sinorhizobium xinjiangensis

The main N₂-fixing symbiotic associations with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) plants are realized with bacteria belonging to the species Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii. However, in 1982, fast-growing rhizobia were isolated from soybean root nodules collected in The People's Republic of China and these bacteria are today classified as Sinorhizobium fredii and S. xinjiangensis. The fast growing strains formed an effective symbiosis with primitive soybean cultivars such as Peking, but not with most North American cultivars, which are the progenitors of almost all Brazilian cultivars. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of 80 soybean cultivars from the Brazilian germplasm bank to produce effective nodules when inoculated with S. fredii or S. xinjiangensis strains. Sixty-six percent of the Brazilian genotypes formed effective nodules with both Sinorhizobium species. However, when 20 Fix⁺ genotypes were inoculated with a mixture of B. elkanii and S. fredii, at a ratio of 1:1, most or all nodules were occupied by B. elkanii. Consequently, there was no relationship between the growth rate in vitro and the ability to compete for nodule occupancy. Fast-growing strains have also been isolated from soybean nodules in Brazil, but the ecological importance of these symbiotic associations is still to be determined.     

鸡眼草根瘤菌的１６SrDNA全序列分析

Based on the previous studies on numerical taxonomy, SDS-PAGE of whole-cell protein and DNA hybridization, the rhizobial strains isolated from Kummerowia sp. in semi-arid area of North-west constituted a new subgroup, the 16S rDNA sequence of representative strain SH714 were tested. The unrooted phylogenetic tree was produced. In this tree, the strain SH714 with Sinorhizobium xinjiangensis, S. fredii, S. meliloti, S. medicae, S. saheli and S. teranga constituted a branch of Sinorhizobium. Within this branch, the similarity valuse of 16S rDNA sequence between strain SH714 and S. xinjiangesis, S. fredii, S. meliloti, S. medicae, S. saheli and S. teranga were 97.4%, 97.5%, 96.8%, 96.7%, 97.2% and 95.6% respectively, the values were more than 95%, this indicated that these known species should belong to the same genus. The values of DNA homology between type strains of these species were less than 70%. Thus, the strain SH714 represented a new rhizobial species, and there were some diversity between SH714 and known rhizobial species in phenotypic feature and composition of protein.     

Phylogeny of fast-growing soybean-nodulating rhizobia support synonymy of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium and assignment to Rhizobium fredii.

We determined the sequences for a 260-base segment amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (corresponding to positions 44 to 337 in the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA sequence) from seven strains of fast-growing soybean-nodulating rhizobia (including the type strains of Rhizobium fredii chemovar fredii, Rhizobium fredii chemovar siensis, Sinorhizobium fredii, and Sinorhizobium xinjiangensis) and broad-host-range Rhizobium sp. strain NGR 234. These sequences were compared with the corresponding previously published sequences of Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium meliloti, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Azorhizobium caulinodans, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum. All of the sequences of the fast-growing soybean rhizobia, including strain NGR 234, were identical to the sequence of R. meliloti and similar to the sequence of R. leguminosarum. These results are discussed in relation to previous findings; we concluded that the fast-growing soybean-nodulating rhizobia belong in the genus Rhizobium and should be called Rhizobium fredii.     

采用PCR-RFLP技术在不同水平上鉴定大豆根瘤菌

采用16S rRNA基因PCR扩增与限制性酶切片段多态性分析(RFLP)技术对选自弗氏中华根瘤菌(S.fredii)、大豆慢生根瘤菌(B.japonicum)和埃氏慢生根瘤菌(B.elkanii)的19株代表菌进行了比较分析,根据用3种限制性内切酶的RFLP分析结果,可将供试菌株分为S.fredii,B.japonicum, B.elkanii Ⅱ和B.elkanii Ⅱa等4种基因型。各类菌株之间没有交叉,因此本研究采用的PCR-RFLP技术不失为一种快速鉴别大豆根瘤菌的新方法。采用本技术已将分离自中国的22株快生菌和19株慢生菌分别鉴定为S.fredii和B.japonicum。对供试参比菌株和野生型菌株进行的16S～23S基因间隔DNA(IGS)的PCR-RFLP分析结果表明：S.fredii和B.japonicum菌株的IGS长度不同,所有供试S.fredii菌株的IGS为2.1 kb,而供试B.japonicum菌株则为2.0 kb。依据RFLP的差异,可将来自中国两个不同地区的S.fredii株区分为2个基因型,而来自中国东北黑龙江地区的19株B.japonicum菌株则可分为11个基因型。对上述野生型菌株还进行了REP-PCR和ERIC-PCR分析并确定其具有菌株水平的特异性。     

黄土高原地区大豆根瘤菌的遗传多样性和系统发育

【目的】研究黄土高原地区大豆根瘤菌的遗传多样性和系统发育。【方法】采用BOX-PCR、16S rDNAPCR-RFLP、16S-23S IGS PCR-RFLP和16S rRNA基因序列分析方法对分离自我国黄土高原地区4个省的15个地区的130株大豆根瘤菌及部分参比菌株进行了遗传多样性和系统发育分析。【结果】BOX-PCR反映的菌株多样性最丰富,形成的遗传群最多,16S rDNA PCR-RFLP方法在属、种水平上聚群较好,16S-23S IGSPCR RFLP反映的多样性介于BOX-PCR和16S rDNA PCR-RFLP之间,能够较好地反映出属、种和亲缘关系很近的菌株间的差异,3种方法聚类分析结果基本一致,可将所有供试菌株分为两大类群,中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium)和慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)。从系统发育来看,供试的快生大豆根瘤菌为费氏中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium fredii),慢生大豆根瘤菌为日本慢生大豆根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)和辽宁慢生根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium liaoningense)。【结论】我国黄土高原地区大豆根瘤菌具有较丰富的遗传多样性,S.fredii优势种,慢生大豆根瘤菌仅占10%,同时,分离到2株B.liaoningense。     

黄华属根瘤茵的16S rDNA-RFLP分析

采用16S rDNA-RFLP及序列分析方法,对分离自黄华属的披针叶黄华、喀什黄华和光叶黄华根瘤菌进行分析研究.结果表明,分离得到的33株根瘤菌在种水平上具有丰富的遗传多样性,它们分别归属于中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium)、中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)和土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium).其中,以CCNWGS0011和CCNWGS0010-1为代表的5株根瘤菌构成独立的分支,可能为潜在的新种.     

Genetic diversity of bradyrhizobial populations from diverse geographic origins that nodulate Lupinus spp. and Ornithopus spp

The genetic diversity of 45 bradyrhizobial isolates that nodulate several Lupinus and Ornithopus species in different geographic locations was investigated by 16S rDNA PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis, 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) PCR-RFLP analysis, and ERIC-PCR genomic fingerprinting. Reference strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, B. liaoningense and B. elkanii and some Canarian isolates from endemic woody legumes in the tribe Genisteae were also included. The 16S rDNA-RFLP analysis resolved 9 genotypes of lupin isolates, a group of fourteen isolates presented restriction-genotypes identical or very similar to B. japonicum, while another two main groups of isolates (69%) presented genotypes that clearly separated them from the reference species of soybean. 16S rDNA sequencing of representative strains largely agreed with restriction analysis, except for a group of six isolates, and showed that all the lupin isolates are relatives of B. japonicum, but different lineages were observed. The 16S-23S IGS-RFLP analysis showed a high resolution level, resolving 19 distinct genotypes among 30 strains analysed, and so demonstrating the heterogeneity of the 16S-RFLP groups. ERIC-PCR fingerprint analysis showed an enormous genetic diversity producing a different pattern for each but two of the isolates. Phylogeny of nodC gene was independent from the 16S rRNA phylogeny, and showed a tight relationship in the symbiotic region of the lupin isolates with isolates from Canarian genistoid woody legumes, and in concordance, cross-nodulation was found. We conclude that Lupinus is a promiscuous host legume that is nodulated by rhizobia with very different chromosomal genotypes, which could even belong to several species of Bradyrhizobium. No correlation among genomic background, original host plant and geographic location was found, so, different chromosomal genotypes could be detected at a single site and in a same plant species, on the contrary, an identical genotype was detected in very different geographical locations and plants.     

商洛多花胡枝子根瘤菌16S rDNA-RFLP分析及系统发育研究

利用16S rDNA-RFLP和全序列测定方法,对分离自商洛地区5个分布点的59株多花胡枝子根瘤菌进行了RFLP分析和系统发育研究.结果表明:(1)42株供试菌株归属根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、11株归属中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium).其余6株非根瘤菌中3株是嗜麦芽黄单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)、3株是解淀粉类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus amylolyticus),说明胡枝子根瘤内生菌较为丰富且类型多样.(2)结合供试菌株的地理生境分析,发现来自不同采集点的菌株有些具有同样的遗传类型,而来自同一采集点的菌株遗传类型却有差异,证明胡枝子根瘤菌在分群类别上与地理环境之间没有明确的对应关系,地理环境并非根瘤菌多样性形成的主要因素.建议今后对根瘤菌多样性研究应从根瘤菌与寄主植物物之间的共生选择进化,特别是对共生体系中基因的横向转移方面进行深入探讨.     

Identification of fast and slow growing rhizobia nodulating soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr) by a multiplex PCR reaction

Two DNA fragments, a 730-bp and a 900-bp fragment, one homologous to host cultivar specificity genes nolBT of Sinorhizobium fredii and the other one homologous to RSalpha, an insertion-like sequence present in Bradyrhizobium japonicum, were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two pairs of primers. The amount of each fragment generated by the multiplex PCR was proportional to the amount of template DNA present. The amplification of the 900-bp RSalpha fragment was more sensitive, since it was amplified from a smaller amount of template DNA than the 730-bp nolBT fragment. By running the multiplex reaction in the presence of template DNA isolated from different sources, we confirmed that the reaction can discriminate between S. fredii, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Sinorhizobium xinjiangensis.