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1.
作物抗旱相关分子标记及其辅助选择的研究进展 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
分子标记辅助选择育种给作物抗旱育种提供了新的途径。本介绍了国内外在小麦、玉米、水稻、大豆等重要农作物抗旱相关分子标记方面的研究进展。对作物抗旱相关QTL分子标记辅助育种进行了探讨,并对其发展策略提出了一些思考。 相似文献
2.
Raman H Ryan PR Raman R Stodart BJ Zhang K Martin P Wood R Sasaki T Yamamoto Y Mackay M Hebb DM Delhaize E 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,116(3):343-354
Allele diversities of four markers specific to intron three, exon four and promoter regions of the aluminum (Al) resistance
gene of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) TaALMT1 were compared in 179 common wheat cultivars used in international wheat breeding programs. In wheat cultivars released during
the last 93 years, six different promoter types were identified on the basis of allele size. A previous study showed that
Al resistance was not associated with a particular coding allele for TaALMT1 but was correlated with blocks of repeated sequence upstream of the coding sequence. We verified the linkage between these
promoter alleles and Al resistance in three doubled haploid and one intercross populations segregating for Al resistance.
Molecular and pedigree analysis suggest that Al resistance in modern wheat germplasm is derived from several independent sources.
Analysis of a population of 278 landraces and subspecies of wheat showed that most of the promoter alleles associated with
Al resistance pre-existed in Europe, the Middle East and Asia prior to dispersal of cultivated germplasm around the world.
Furthermore, several new promoter alleles were identified among the landraces surveyed. The TaALMT1 promoter alleles found within the spelt wheats were consistent with the hypothesis that these spelts arose on several independent
occasions from hybridisations between non-free-threshing tetraploid wheats and Al-resistant hexaploid bread wheats. The strong
correlation between Al resistance and Al-stimulated malate efflux from the root apices of 49 diverse wheat genotypes examined
was consistent with the previous finding that Al resistance in wheat is conditioned primarily by malate efflux. These results
demonstrate that the markers based on intron, exon and promoter regions of TaALMT1 can trace the inheritance of the Al resistance locus within wheat pedigrees and track Al resistance in breeding programmes.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
3.
小麦改良的可利用资源:黑麦抗病基因 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
黑麦(Secale cereale)蕴藏着丰富的抗病基因,是改良小麦抗性的重要资源,黑麦抗病基因的导入一直是小麦育种的重要研究课题。本文综述了黑麦抗病基因的染色体定位、分子标记研究和含黑麦抗病基因的小麦种质资源在我国小麦育种中的应用,对应用中存在的问题进行了分析,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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5.
小麦赤霉病是全球性小麦病害,严重影响小麦产量和品质,赤霉菌产生的毒素进一步威胁人畜安全,培育抗病品种是控制小麦赤霉病危害的根本途径。植物细胞工程技术可创造新的遗传变异、加快育种进程,已经广泛应用于小麦抗赤霉病育种。概述了体细胞无性系变异诱导、花药培养、小麦与玉米杂交培育加倍单倍体以及幼胚培养一年多代快速成苗等植物细胞工程技术研究进展,着重介绍了其在抗小麦赤霉病育种中的应用。最后对未来发展趋势做了展望,植物细胞工程结合分子育种技术将在小麦抗赤霉病品种培育中发挥更重要的作用。 相似文献
6.
优质、早熟和抗赤霉病是中国黄河以南广大小麦种植区域小麦育种的重要育种目标,小麦新品种郑州9023在优质、早熟和抗赤霉病的结合上获得了成功.本文对郑州9023的创新目标、育种措施、特性表现及利用策略进行了阐述和探讨. 相似文献
7.
小麦赤霉病严重威胁我国粮食和食品安全,培育抗赤霉病小麦品种是解决该病害最经济有效的途径。20世纪90年代后,以扬麦158为代表的扬麦、宁麦系列中抗赤霉病品种的育成和大面积推广有效抵御了长江中下游麦区的赤霉病危害,使我国抗赤霉病育种处于国际领先水平。尽管全球明确了7个抗赤霉病基因,为开展抗赤霉病育种提供了重要支撑,但由于赤霉病抗性机制复杂,实现高抗与高产的协调仍极其困难,抗赤霉病仍是当前及未来我国小麦育种的主要目标。对“十三五”期间我国小麦新品系和审定品种的抗性情况以及我国抗赤霉病育种方面取得的进展进行了综述,并提出了重视挖掘和利用扬麦等推广品种中优异抗性基因、将Fhb1导入扬麦等主栽品种的育种技术路线和重视表型精准鉴定等建议,以期为实现我国抗赤霉病育种突破提供借鉴。 相似文献
8.
The recent outbreak of a new wheat stem rust race capable of parasitizing many commercial wheat cultivars highlights the need for durable disease resistance in crop plants. More advanced breeding approaches using quantitative disease resistance genes and resistance gene pyramids are being used to combat wheat stem rust and other diseases, though widespread adoption of these breeding methodologies is needed to maintain resistance efficacy. Advances in understanding the molecular basis of plant disease resistance at both host and nonhost levels offers further possibilities for stem rust resistance using biotechnological approaches. However, truly durable resistance to wheat stem rust and other phytopathogens seems an unlikely prospect in the face of continually evolving pathogen populations. 相似文献
9.
Md. Ashraful Alam Milan Skalicky Muhammad Rezaul Kabir Md. Monwar Hossain Md. Abdul Hakim Md. Siddikun Nabi Mandal Rabiul Islam Md. Babul Anwar Akbar Hossain Fahmy Hassan Amaal Mohammadein Muhammad Aamir Iqbal Marian Brestic Mohammad Anwar Hossain Khalid Rehman Hakeem Ayman EL Sabagh 《Phyton》2021,90(4):1301-1320
Globally among biotic stresses, diseases like blight, rust and blast constitute prime constraints for reducing wheat
productivity especially in Bangladesh. For sustainable productivity, the development of disease-resistant lines and
high yielding varieties is vital and necessary. This study was conducted using 122 advanced breeding lines of
wheat including 21 varieties developed by Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BAMRI) with aims
to identify genotypes having high yield potential and resistance to leaf blight, leaf rust and blast diseases. These
genotypes were evaluated for resistance against leaf blight and leaf rust at Dinajpur and wheat blast at Jashore
under field condition. Out of 122 genotypes tested, 20 lines were selected as resistant to leaf blight based on
the area under the diseases progress curve (AUDPC) under both irrigated timely sown (ITS) and irrigated late
sown (ILS) conditions. Forty-two genotypes were found completely free from leaf rust infection, 59 genotypes
were identified as resistant, and 13 genotypes were identified as moderately resistant to leaf rust. Eighteen genotypes were immune against wheat blast, 42 genotypes were categorized as resistant, and 26 genotypes were identified as moderately resistant to wheat blast. Molecular data revealed that the 16 genotypes showed a positive 2NS
segment among the 18 immune genotypes selected against wheat blast under field conditions. The genotypes
BAW 1322, BAW 1295, and BAW 1203 can be used as earlier maturing genotypes and the genotypes BAW
1372, BAW 1373, BAW 1297 and BAW 1364 can be used for lodging tolerant due to short plant height. The genotypes WMRI Gom 1, BAW 1349 and BAW 1350 can be selected for bold grain and the genotypes WMRI Gom 1,
BAW 1297, BAW 1377 can be used as high yielder for optimum seeding condition but genotypes BAW 1377
and BAW 1366 can be used for late sown condition. The selected resistant genotypes against specific diseases can be used in the further breeding program to develop wheat varieties having higher disease resistance and
yield potential. 相似文献
10.
小麦HMW谷蛋白亚基基因克隆研究进展 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 (HMW GS)作为小麦胚乳中的重要贮藏蛋白 ,其组成及含量对小麦面粉的烘烤品质具有重要的决定作用。因此 ,改变小麦中HMW 谷蛋白的组成及含量是小麦品质改良的主要内容。而定向克隆小麦HMW GS基因则为利用基因工程方法改良小麦品质提供新的基因资源 ,从而为优质小麦的发展起到积极的推动作用。综述了近 2 0年来国内外小麦HMW GS基因克隆的研究进展 ,并讨论了近年来发展起来的一些新的基因克隆方法及其在小麦HMW GS基因克隆上的应用前景。 相似文献
11.
Haydn Kuchel Rebecca Fox Jason Reinheimer Lee Mosionek Nicholas Willey Harbans Bariana Stephen Jefferies 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2007,20(4):295-308
A number of useful marker-trait associations have been reported for wheat. However the number of publications detailing the
integrated and pragmatic use of molecular markers in wheat breeding is limited. A previous report by some of these authors
showed how marker-assisted selection could increase the genetic gain and economic efficiency of a specific breeding strategy.
Here, we present a practical validation of that study. The target of this breeding strategy was to produce wheat lines derived
from an elite Australian cultivar ‘Stylet’, with superior dough properties and durable rust resistance donated from ‘Annuello’.
Molecular markers were used to screen a BC1F1 population produced from a cross between the recurrent parent ‘Stylet’ and the donor parent ‘Annuello’ for the presence of
rust resistance genes Lr34/Yr18 and Lr46/Yr29. Following this, marker-assisted selection was applied to haploid plants, prior to chromosome doubling with cochicine, for
the rust resistance genes Lr24/Sr24, Lr34/Yr18, height reducing genes, and for the grain protein genes Glu-D1 and Glu-A3. In general, results from this study agreed with those of the simulation study. Genetic improvement for rust resistance was
greatest when marker selection was applied on BC1F1 individuals. Introgression of both the Lr34/Yr18 and Lr46/Yr29 loci into the susceptible recurrent parent background resulted in substantial improvement in leaf rust and stripe rust resistance
levels. Selection for favourable glutenin alleles significantly improved dough resistance and dough extensibility. Marker-assisted
selection for improved grain yield, through the selection of recurrent parent genome using anonymous markers, only marginally
improved grain yield at one of the five sites used for grain yield assessment. In summary, the integration of marker-assisted
selection for specific target genes, particularly at the early stages of a breeding programme, is likely to substantially
increase genetic improvement in wheat. 相似文献
12.
8个小麦育种亲本抗叶锈基因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取19个小麦叶锈菌生理小种对8个小麦育种亲本进行成株期和苗期抗叶锈病鉴定及基因推导,同时利用与24个抗叶锈基因紧密连锁或共分离的31个分子标记进行分子检测。推测出L83#-5与L83#-6含有Lr1,可能含有Lr2c和Lr42;L/PL2003-1含有Lr1,可能含有Lr2c、Lr28和Lr42;贵农13号可能含有Lr28;92R137可能含有Lr2c和Lr28;L201含有Lr1,可能含有Lr2c、Lr16和Lr28;TM可能含有Lr41和其他抗叶锈基因。研究结果表明,测试的8个小麦育种亲本中TM的抗叶锈性最好,具有很好的抗叶锈病应用潜力,可作为小麦抗叶锈病育种的重要抗源。 相似文献
13.
Baumgartner Isabelle O. Patocchi Andrea Frey Jürg E. Peil Andreas Kellerhals Markus 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2015,33(5):1573-1583
Plant Molecular Biology Reporter - The development of high-quality cultivars, with durable disease resistance, is a major objective of apple breeding. The selection procedures of modern breeding... 相似文献
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15.
Progress in Wheat Resistance to Spot Blotch in Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Spot blotch, caused by Cochliobolus sativus, is considered one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the warm areas of South Asia. Over the past 20 years, wheat breeding efforts in the region have improved spot blotch resistance in susceptible commercial cultivars. This study assessed resistance and spot blotch‐induced yield losses in newly released wheat cultivars developed in Bangladesh since the release of the landmark wheat variety ‘Kanchan’. Replicated field studies were conducted during the 2003 and 2004 wheat seasons at two sites: a farmer's field and a research station in a warm region of Bangladesh where spot blotch has been a serious problem. Spot blotch affected 60% of the crop and caused yield losses of from 2% to 22%. Disease severity and disease‐induced grain yield reductions were less in wheat genotypes developed since 1983, with a corresponding trend towards higher yield in newly developed varieties. The level of resistance to spot blotch in the new cultivars and advanced breeding lines represents considerable progress in breeding for resistance over the past two decades. 相似文献
16.
Somers DJ Thomas J Depauw R Fox S Humphreys G Fedak G 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2005,111(8):1623-1631
Fusarium head blight of wheat is a major deterrent to wheat production world-wide. The genetics of FHB resistance in wheat
are becoming clear and there is a good understanding of the genome location of FHB resistance QTL from different sources such
as Sumai3, Wuhan, Nyubai and Frontana. All the components needed for assembling complex genotypes through large-scale molecular
breeding experiments are now available. This experiment used high throughput microsatellite genotyping and half-seed analysis
to process four independent crosses through a molecular breeding strategy to introduce multiple pest resistance genes into
Canadian wheat. This included two backcrosses and selection for a total of six FHB resistance QTL, orange blossom wheat midge
resistance (Sm1) and leaf rust resistance (Lr21). In addition, the fixation of the elite genetic background was monitored with 45–76 markers to accelerate restoration of
the genetic background at each backcross. The strategy resulted in 87% fixation of the elite genetic background on average
at the BC2F1 generation and successfully introduced all of the chromosome segments containing FHB, Sm1 and Lr21 resistance genes. The molecular breeding strategy was completed in 25 months, at an equal pace to conventional crossing and
selection of spring wheat. 相似文献
17.
Murugan M Sotelo Cardona P Duraimurugan P Whitfield AE Schneweis D Starkey S Smith CM 《Journal of economic entomology》2011,104(4):1406-1414
The majority of plant viruses are dependent on arthropod vectors for spread between plants. Wheat streak mosaic virus (family Potyviridae, genus Tritimovirus, WSMV) is transmitted by the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, and this virus and vector cause extensive yield losses in most major wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-growing regions of the world. Many cultivars in use are susceptible to this vector-virus complex, and yield losses of 10-99% have been documented. wheat curl mite resistance genes have been identified in goat grass, Aegilops tauschii (Coss) Schmal., and transferred to hexaploid wheat, but very few varieties contain effectively wheat curl mite resistance, due to virulent wheat curl mite populations. However, wheat curl mite resistance remains an effective strategy to reduce losses due to WSMV. The goal of our project was to identify the most effective, reproducible, and rapid method for assessing wheat curl mite resistance. We also wanted to determine whether mite resistance is affected by WSMV infection, because the pathogen and pest commonly occur together. Single and group wheat curl mite infestations produced similar amounts of leaf rolling and folding on wheat curl mite-susceptible wheat varieties that were independent of initial wheat curl mite infestation. This finding will allow accurate, efficient, large-scale screening of wheat germplasm for wheat curl mite resistance by infesting plants with sections of wheat leaf tissue containing mixed stages of wheat curl mite. The wheat curl mite-resistant breeding line 'OK05312' displayed antibiosis (reduced wheat curl mite population development). The effect of WSMV infection on wheat curl mite reproduction was genotype-dependent. Mite populations increased on infected wheat curl mite- and WSMV-susceptible plants compared with uninfected plants, but WSMV infection had no significant effect on wheat curl mite populations on resistant plants. OK05312 is a strong source of wheat curl mite resistance for wheat breeding programs. 相似文献
18.
1994 - 2002年小麦品种(系)抗条锈性鉴定与监测 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
1994—2002年经对3822份小麦品种(系)材料抗条锈性鉴定结果表明,冬小麦抗条锈性优于春小麦,甘肃品种抗条锈性优于国内其它省区品种。田间抗条锈性监测结果表明,我国主要生产品种均表现感病,甘肃主要生产品种仅陇鉴127等少数几个品种抗病,抗源材料中也仅有中四等少数品种表现抗病,结合抗病性鉴定、监测结果及田间综合农艺性状观察,筛选出20余份可供育种利用的抗源材料。同时在针对今后抗条中31、32号等主要小种类型的抗病育种、抗病性监测等方面进行了讨论。 相似文献
19.
Drought is a major environmental stress threatening wheat productivity worldwide. Global climate models predict changed precipitation patterns with frequent episodes of drought. Although drought impedes wheat performance at all growth stages, it is more critical during the flowering and grain-filling phases (terminal drought) and results in substantial yield losses. The severity and duration of the stress determine the extent of the yield loss. The principal reasons for these losses are reduced rates of net photosynthesis owing to metabolic limitations—oxidative damage to chloroplasts and stomatal closure—and poor grain set and development. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of terminal drought is critical for improving drought resistance in wheat, with marker-assisted selection being increasingly employed in breeding for this resistance. The limited success of molecular breeding and physiological strategies suggests a more holistic approach, including interaction of drought with other stresses and plant morphology. Furthermore, integration of physiological traits, genetic and genomic tools, and transgenic approaches may also help to improve resistance against drought in wheat. In this review, we describe the influence of terminal drought on leaf senescence, carbon fixation, grain set and development, and explain drought resistance mechanisms. In addition, recent developments in integrated approaches such as breeding, genetics, genomics, and agronomic strategies for improving resistance against terminal drought in wheat are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Pawel C Czembor Edward Arseniuk Andrzej Czaplicki Qijiang Song Perry B Cregan Peter P Ueng 《Génome》2003,46(4):546-554
Stagonospora nodorum blotch is an important foliar and glume disease in cereals. Inheritance of resistance in wheat appears to be quantitative. To date, breeding of partially resistant cultivars has been the only effective way to combat this pathogen. The partial resistance components, namely length of incubation period, disease severity, and length of latent period, were evaluated on a population of doubled haploids derived from a cross between the partially resistant Triticum aestivum 'Liwilla' and susceptible Triticum aestivum 'Begra'. Experiments were conducted in a controlled environment and the fifth leaf was examined. Molecular analyses were based on bulked segregant analyses using 240 microsatellite markers. Four QTLs were significantly associated with partial resistance components and were located on chromosomes 2B, 3B, 5B, and 5D. The percentage of phenotypic variance explained by a single QTL ranged from 14 to 21% for incubation period, from 16 to 37% for disease severity, and from 13 to 28% for latent period, 相似文献